MMP-1 promoter polymorphism in Korean with generalized aggressive periodontitis

Oh, Hyong-Suk,Kim, Ok-Su,Kim, Young-Jun,Chung, Hyun-Ju Korean Academy of Periodontology 2009 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.39 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene polymorphism (1G/2G at -1607 and A/G at -519) in Korean subject and to assess the association between polymorphism and periodontal status. Methods: Forty nine generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients and 57 periodontally healthy children were recruited and genomic DNA was extracted from buccal swab. The polymorphisms of MMP-1 promoter genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length product (PCR-RFLP) method. The distribution of genotype and allele frequency was compared between 2 groups by ${\chi}^2$ test. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles between the GAP and reference groups at the position - 519 of MMP-1 gene promoter (P<0.05). Allele G carrier rate was significantly lower in GAP group than that of the reference group (P< 0.001). At the position -1607 of MMP-1 gene promoter, genotype distribution and allele frequency showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. However, in the female group, a significant difference was observed between the groups for the genotype distribution, allele frequency and allele 1G carrier rate (P< 0.05). Conclusions: The DNA polymorphism at the MMP-1 gene promoter might be associated with GAP in Korean.

Evaluating the quality and empathy of responses to patient questions on the Korean Academy of Periodontology's online question and answer section: a cross-sectional study comparing periodontists and an AI-powered chatbot

Jae-Hong Lee,So-Hae Oh,Falk Schwendicke,Akhilanand Chaurasia,Young-Taek Kim Korean Academy of Periodontology 2025 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.55 No.5

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the responses of an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot and professional periodontists to patient queries in periodontology and implantology, using the Korean Academy of Periodontology's (KAP) online question and answer (Q&A) section. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, we analyzed 219 patient-submitted periodontal and implant knowledge questions from the KAP online Q&A section. A panel of 10 evaluators-5 periodontists and 5 laypersons-rated both the periodontist's and the AI chatbot's responses using standardized scales. We applied the t-test and Spearman correlation coefficients to compare response quality, empathy, consistency, and evaluator preferences. Results: Ten evaluators judged the AI chatbot's responses to be significantly superior in quality and empathy compared to periodontist replies. A higher proportion of periodontist responses fell below acceptable quality ("very poor" or "poor") than chatbot responses (28.7% vs. 15.0%; P<0.001), and more chatbot replies were rated "empathetic" or "very empathetic" (62.5% vs. 42.8%; P<0.001). Overall response consistency was deemed satisfactory at 64.2%, with no significant difference in consistency or preference between periodontist and lay evaluators. Conclusions: AI-powered chatbots can deliver more accurate and empathetic answers than human periodontists, suggesting their potential role as consultation assistants merits further investigation. The high intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.79-0.93) indicate a high level of agreement among evaluators in both the periodontist and lay evaluator groups, thus confirming the reliability and robustness of the study's assessment methodology.

Levels of common salivary protein 1 in healthy subjects and periodontal patients

Heo, Seok-Mo,Lee, Sol,Wang, HongTao,Jeong, Jeong Hyeok,Oh, Sang Wook Korean Academy of Periodontology 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.5

Purpose: Human saliva, as a vital part of the immune defense system, contains a number of distinct proteins and peptides. Recently human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) has been identified as an abundant salivary protein and may play a role in promoting the binding of cariogenic bacteria to salivary pellicles. However, nothing else is known regarding the role of CSP1 in periodontology. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients. Methods: This controlled clinical study was conducted in periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis Chonbuk National University Hospital, with Institutional Review Board approval. Whole saliva samples were collected from 36 healthy subjects and 33 chronic periodontitis patients and analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immune blotting were conducted to ensure that anti-CSP1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binds to CSP1 in human saliva. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was house-fabricated using mAb-hCSP1#14 and mAb-hCSP1#4 as a capture and a detector mAb, respectively. The CSP1 concentrations in saliva from 36 healthy subjects and 33 periodontal patients were quantified using the CSP1 sandwich ELISA system, and the results were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results: Immunoblot analysis using mAb-hCSP1 as a probe confirmed that CSP1 in human saliva existed as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 27-kDa. The quantification of CSP1 concentrations by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th to 75th percentiles) of periodontal patients and healthy subjects were 9,474 ng/mL (range, 8,434.10,139 ng/mL) and 8,598 ng/mL (range, 7,421.9,877 ng/mL), respectively. The Student's t-test indicated the presence of a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.024). Conclusions: The presence of a significant difference in CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients suggests that CSP1 may be a potential biomarker for the detection or screening of periodontitis patients.

Prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors in Korean adults: Korean National Oral Health Survey 2006

Choi, Youn-Hee,Baek, Hye-Jin,Song, Keun-Bae,Han, Ji-Youn,Kwon, Ho-Jang,Lee, Sang-Gyu Korean Academy of Periodontology 2009 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.39 No.2

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults and to examine the associations between periodontitis and known risk factors. Methods: Using Korean National Oral Health Survey 2006 data, a total of 4,263 people who had taken oral examination, interviewed by questionnaire, and aged 18 or older were sampled. The prevalence of periodontitis measured by Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was calculated and the differences in prevalence according to known risk factors (age, sex, monthly income, education, residential area, tooth-brushing frequency, regular dental visit, smoking, and diabetes) were examined with chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to see the effects of each risk factor on the risk of having periodontitis. All statistical approaches were reflected national sampling design using Survey procedures in SAS 9.1. Results: The overall prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults was 10.3%. There existed statistically significant differences in crude prevalence for periodontitis according to the all risk factors. In logistic regression, older age groups (O.R.:2.94-3.71), people living in rural area (O.R.:1.87), and current smokers (O.R.:1.77) were significantly prone to have periodontitis. People who earned monthly income of more than 2 million Korean won (O.R.:0.64) and brushed their teeth two or more times per day (O.R.:0.60-0.62) had significantly lower risk of having periodontitis. Conclusions: About 10% of Korean adults had periodontitis in 2006. People who were older, living in rural region, in lower income status, smoking, less tooth brushing were more likely to have periodontitis.

Prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with a history of periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study

Goh, Mi-Seon,Hong, Eun-Jin,Chang, Moontaek Korean Academy of Periodontology 2017 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.47 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with history of periodontal disease. Methods: A total of 444 patients with 1,485 implants were selected from patients who had been treated at the Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital between July 2014 and June 2015. A group with a history of peri-implantitis (HP) (370 patients with 1,189 implants) and a group with a current peri-implantitis (CP) (318 patients with 1,004 implants) were created based on the radiographic and clinical assessments of implants. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was calculated at both the patient and implant levels. The influence of risk variables on the occurrence of peri-implantitis was analyzed using generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: The prevalence of peri-implantitis in the HP and CP groups ranged from 6.7% to 19.7%. The cumulative peri-implantitis rate in the HP group estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method was higher than that in the CP group over the follow-up period. Among the patient-related risk variables, supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) was the only significant risk indicator for the occurrence of peri-implantitis in both groups. In the analysis of implant-related variables, implants supporting fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and implants with subjective discomfort was associated with a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis than single implants and implants without subjective discomfort in the HP group. The presence of subjective discomfort was the only significant implant-related variable predictive of peri-implantitis in the CP group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the prevalence of peri-implantitis in Korean patients with a history of periodontal disease was similar to that reported in other population samples. Regular SPT was important for preventing peri-implantitis. Single implants were found to be less susceptible to peri-implantitis than those supporting FDP. Patients' subjective discomfort was found to be a strong risk indicator for peri-implantitis.

Association between health status and tooth loss in Korean adults: longitudinal results from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort, 2002-2015

Kim, Yeon-Tae,Choi, Jung-Kyu,Kim, Do-Hyung,Jeong, Seong-Nyum,Lee, Jae-Hong Korean Academy of Periodontology 2019 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.49 No.3

Purpose: This study investigated the association between health status and tooth loss based on data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort in 2002-2015. Methods: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to a longitudinal retrospective database, which was updated and newly released in 2018, to assess the association between health status and tooth loss while adjusting for potential confounders among sociodemographic and economic factors (sex, age, household income, insurance, and presence of disability), general and oral health status (body mass index [BMI], smoking and drinking status, periodic dental visits and scaling, and brushing before sleep), and comorbid disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], and Charlson comorbidity index [CCI]). Results: Among 514,866 participants from a South Korean population, 234,247 (45.5%) participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were analyzed. In the adjusted multivariate analysis, sex, age, household income, insurance, presence of disability, BMI, smoking and drinking status, periodic scaling, tooth brushing before sleep, DM, and CCI showed statistically significant associations with the loss of at least 1 tooth. The risk of experiencing a loss of ${\geq}4$ teeth was associated with an increase in age (in those 50-59 years of age: hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-2.03; in those 60-69 years of age: HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.85-3.02; and in those 70-79 years of age: HR, 2.93; 95%, CI 2.81-3.05), smoking (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.65-1.73), and DM (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.38-1.48). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the risk of experiencing tooth loss was related to multiple determinants. DM and smoking were especially significantly associated with tooth loss.

Current understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of peri-implant diseases: a narrative review for the consensus report of the Korean Academy of Periodontology

Yun-Jeong Kim,Young Woo Song,Shin-Young Park,Jae-Kook Cha,Hyo-Jung Lee,Seung-Min Yang,Jun-Beom Park,Ki-Tae Koo Korean Academy of Periodontology 2024 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.54 No.4

Over the past few decades, dental implants have been successfully utilized to replace teeth lost due to periodontal disease and other conditions. However, similar to natural teeth, dental implants are vulnerable to inflammatory peri-implant diseases, which can compromise their long-term viability. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of peri-implant diseases and discuss effective strategies for their diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management. Evidence related to peri-implant diseases was categorized and reviewed in 4 sections: 1) definition, prevalence, and classification; 2) risk indicators and etiological factors; 3) diagnostic criteria; and 4) treatment protocols for peri-implant diseases. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis is significant, affecting 43% and 22% of implant cases, respectively. Key risk factors include poor oral hygiene, a history of periodontitis, and systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. The outcomes of treatment are influenced by the design of the implant prosthesis and the condition of the surrounding soft tissue. Management strategies include: 1) non-surgical treatment for implants diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis; 2) comprehensive treatment, which involves both mechanical and chemical debridement and surgical access, for implants affected by peri-implantitis; and 3) removal of failed implants, followed by the restoration of pre-existing peri-implant bone defects. Managing peri-implant diseases necessitates a comprehensive approach, encompassing risk assessment, tailored treatment planning, and stringent maintenance protocols. Regular follow-ups and patient education are critical for preventing disease recurrence and ensure the long-term success of implant therapy.

The socioeconomic impact of Korean dental health insurance policy on the elderly: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea

Seo, Hyewon,Lee, Bo-Ah,Lim, Hyunsun,Yoon, Joon-Ho,Kim, Young-Taek Korean Academy of Periodontology 2019 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationships of types of dental insurance coverage in Korea with sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of systemic and oral diseases, as well as to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of Korean dental insurance policies. Methods: Sample cohort data from 2006 to 2015 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The exposed group comprised patients who received insurance benefits for complete dentures, removable partial dentures, and implant care, while the control group comprised patients who did not receive these benefits. The type of insurance coverage and the prevalence of systemic and oral diseases were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Patients who received benefits in the form of complete dentures, removable partial dentures, and implants had similar sociodemographic characteristics in terms of sex, age, income quintile, and type of insurance coverage to the control group. The prevalence of hypertension, anemia, renal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, asthma, and cerebral infarction was higher in the exposed group than in the control group (P<0.05). The prevalence of periodontal diseases and dental caries was also higher in the exposed group. Conclusions: Korean dental health insurance policy has been beneficial for the medical expenses of low-income and elderly people suffering from a cost burden due to systemic diseases. However, since there is a tendency to avoid invasive interventions in older patients due to the high risk of systemic diseases, insurance coverage of dentures may be more helpful from a socioeconomic perspective than coverage of dental implant treatments.

Association between semi-solid yogurt intake and periodontitis in Korean adults

Lee, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Seon-Jip,Park, Young-Seok,Ko, Jeongmin,Cho, Hyun-Jae Korean Academy of Periodontology 2019 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the intake of semi-solid yogurt and periodontitis in Korean adults using a national database. Methods: The data analyzed in this study are a subset of the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2015 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The sample size for this study was 4,727. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related variables, oral and general health status, and intake of semi-solid yogurt. Semi-solid yogurt intake (YI) was calculated by multiplying the frequency of YI over the previous week by the average intake per serving. We assessed periodontal conditions using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and defined periodontitis as a CPI score ${\geq}3$. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, and oral and general health behaviors and status. Results: The mean weekly YI among those without periodontitis ($1.03{\pm}0.06cups$) was significantly higher than among those with periodontitis ($0.77{\pm}0.08cups$) (P<0.001). Individuals who consumed more than 2 cups of yogurt per day were 76% less likely to have periodontitis than those who consumed less than 1 cup of yogurt per week after adjusting for all covariates (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.60). Conclusions: We found a significant association between increased intake of semi-solid yogurt and periodontal health. We therefore recommend daily consumption of semi-solid yogurt as a probiotic to improve periodontal health. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate plausible mechanisms through which probiotics impact periodontal disease, considering both periodontal pathogens and clinical periodontal parameters.

The development and validation of a Korean version of the oral hygiene-related self-efficacy tool

Soo-Auk Park,Eun-Ae Kim,Jae-Young Lee Korean Academy of Periodontology 2024 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.55 No.1

Purpose: Self-efficacy is an important factor in the management of chronic oral diseases. This study aimed to develop a Korean version of a self-efficacy tool related to personal oral hygiene management, and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the oral health-related self-efficacy measurement tool (OHSE-K). The sub-factors of this self-efficacy tool are tooth brushing, interdental hygiene management, and dental visits. The original items were translated into Korean, and their content validity was confirmed. Initially, a preliminary survey was conducted, followed by the main survey. The main survey comprised 19 content-verified items. The validity and reliability of the main survey were evaluated through repeated exploratory factor analyses. A randomly selected sample of Korean adults, aged 19 years or older, completed the OHSE-K online between May 10 and June 2, 2023. The study recruited 400 adults for the preliminary survey. Data were analyzed using PASW 25.0. Results: The OHSE-K demonstrated a high level of overall reliability (Cronbach's α=0.891). Exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 significant factors: tooth-brushing self-efficacy, interdental hygiene management self-efficacy, and dental visit self-efficacy, with a cumulative explanation rate of 65.114%. The criterion validity results indicated that oral healthcare awareness and behavior, as well as unmet dental treatment needs, were significant (P<0.05). Additionally, the OHSE-K scores showed significant correlations with all 3 sub-factors (P<0.05). Conclusions: The OHSE-K is a reliable tool. Our results demonstrated its validity and reliability.