뱀장어 아기미 울혈증에 관한 연구

이근광,김영길,박성우,최민순 한국어병학회 1994 한국어병학회지 Vol.7 No.2

뱀장어의 울혈증 발병 원인구명을 위하여 서해안 지역 5 개 양만장을 대상으로 아가미 울혈증 발병현황과 수질등 역학조사를 실시하였고, 한편으로는 스트레스(handling 과 수온차) 및 병어에서 분리한 아가미 마쇄액을 건강어의 복강에 주사하여 울혈증 발병률과 CHSE-214 에 접종하여 세포변성을 조사하였다. 조사한 양만장의 아가미 울혈증 발병률은 30-80%로서 사육시의 수온과 선별시의 수온차가 클수록 발병률이 높았으며, 수질환경과 본증의 발병과는 뚜렷한 상관관계가 없었다. 또한 발병률이 높은 양만장의 뱀장어는 Ht, Hb, Tp, Alb, Mg 및 Glu 치등이 낮은 반면 GOT, GPT, Ca 및 Met-Hb 치등은 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으나, 반드시 아가미 울혈증에 비례하여 증감되지는 않았다. 스트레스(handling 과 수온차)를 가함에 따라 아가미 울혈증이 실험적으로 유발되어졌으며, 발병률은 50-70% 이었다. 이러한 스트레스 조건하의 어류의 혈액학적인 성상은 울혈증 발병빈도에 비례하여 Ht, GOT, GPT, Met-Hb, Alb 및 Glu 치등은 증가되었으나, Tp, Hb 및 Mg 은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 온도차가 클수록 cortisol 량이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 그러나, 병어의 아가미 마쇄액을 복강주사 및 CHSE-214 에 접종하였던 바 각각 울혈증의 발병 및 세포변성이 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 선별시 handling 과 수온의 급변이 혈중 cortisol 을 상승시켜 혈액의 전해질 변화를 초래케하므로써 혈액의 흐름을 완만하게 되고 동정맥계로의 혈액유입량이 증가하게 되어 중심정맥동이 확장되므로써 울혈이 형성되는 것임을 시사한다. In order to elucidate the outbreak mechanisms of a new disease which is characterized by an intense congestion in central venus sinuses(CVS) of gill filaments in cultured eel. these experiments were carried out; epidemically surveyed on the cultured eel farms in the vicinity of Kunsan city and experimentaliy outbreaked the disease in the stressful condition such as thermal and handling shock and innoculated the supernatant from the homogenate of naturally severe congested gill into eels and onto the monolayer of the CHSE-214. Although the frequency of congestion in eels of B, C, D and E farms were higher than in eels of A farms, the water qualities (stocked and cultured water) among farms were not a great difference. In eels of B, C, D and E farms, the values of haematocrit (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (Tp), albumin (Alb), glucose (Glu), magnesium (Mg) were lower and the values of calcium(Ca), methemoglobin(Met-Hb), glutamic pyruvic transminase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transminase (GOT) higher than in eels of A farms. These valules have not related to the frequency of congestion. An intensive congestion and dilataton in CVS of gill filaments in experimentally handling-stressed eels produced similar histopathological changes to those observed in the spontaneously diseased eel, but not in eels experimentally injected with filtering contents. The cytopathic effect on the CHSE-214 was not observed. In stressed eels the congestion of gill was increased in relation to either the decrease ranges of water temperature or the incerase in accllimated times. And increase in Ht, Met-Hb, Alb, Glu, GOT and GPT and decrease in Mg, Hb and Tp were found, which had a close relationship to congestion of gill. Cortisol were increased according to the decrease ranges in acclimated water temperature. From these results, decrease in water temperature during selection placed eels upon the stressed condition, made increase in ionic strength in blood stream, and CVS was dilatated owing to the increased blood inflow.

중량물 운반시 잡기유형과 부하단계에 따른 생리학적 연구

윤양진,이훈식,윤길환,정미라,이재규,이중숙,서국웅 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine physiological changes of the body according to various weight loads and the holding during carrying object. The experiments were conducted with utilizing physiological analyses for five male and five female adults as subjects. The results were as followed. 1. Any significant difference was not shown in heart rate, ventilation and amount of oxygen uptake of male subjects in the case of no load and 5kg. And also no significant difference was shown in expiratory exchange ratio of male subjects of no load, 5kg and 10kg, but in other measure items and other stages of weight was shown. 2. Significant differences were shown in heart rate, ventilation, defluxion of carbon dioxide, oxygen uptake per body weights, respiratory exchange rate, respiration rate and all other measure items of female subjects in all stages of load. 3. In the MMH job, there was no influence on male subjects up to 5kg loads, but there was an significant difference in male subjects in load walking from 5kg. It shows that even in 5kg weight MMH work, female subject's expiratory function was influenced. 4. 10kg load was the limit weight of female subjects and 15kg was of male subjects when they walked on treadmills with 4km/h velocity for 3 minutes, holding loads in the right and vertical types.

子會社新設과 國際引受間의 選擇要因

李德懋,金吉成 조선대학교 경영경제연구소 1995 經營經濟硏究 = Management and economics research Vol.18 No.2

호주와 한국의 교육제도 비교

이길자 忠北大學校 敎育.生活硏究所 2002 한국교육논총 Vol.23 No.2

Rapid Typing of Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IS6110-based Outward PCR

이혜영,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2004 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.10 No.2

Worldwide, tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious diseases, accounting for nearly 3 million deaths and more than 8 million new cases annually. DNA typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important for the control of tuberculosis, since it can be used to track transmission route of tuberculosis, source of internal laboratory contaminations, and to answer questions on the nature of tuberculosis infections such as reactivation or exogenous reinfection of disease. At present, IS6110-based RFLP is the choice of method for typing large numbers of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, since it has the highest resolution power. However, RFLP requires long time, high cost and qualified experts, so only reference level laboratories can use the RFLP technique. In order to have an optional molecular typing method suitable for the clinical settings, this study evaluated the use of one of PCR-based typing methods, IS6110-based outward PCR for typing clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. In brief, the results from this study showed that IS6110-based RFLP is useful to discriminate diverse clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis as well as to identify clinical isolates that belong to the same family or cluster groups that have been previously classified by RFLP analysis. In addition, the banding profiles resulted from IS6110-based outward PCR seemed to represent genomic characteristics of M. tuberculosis, since strains belong to the K-family generated unique band that is not present in any other strains but present only in the genome of K-family strains. The IS6110-based outward PCR was also shown to be useful with DNAs isolated directly from liquid cultures indicating this method can be suitable for typing M. tuberculosis in clinical settings.

결핵균 약제감수성 검사의 비용효율성에 관한 다기관 연구

정석훈,이대동,최재철,김선주,신정환,정윤성,이은엽,오승환,배길한,장철훈 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.1

목적 : 우리나라에서의 결핵균 감수성 검사는 검출 균주의 일부에서만 시행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모든 검출 균주들에 대해서 감수성검사를 실시하면서, 진료에 필요한 결과를 충분히 제공하고 경제적이면서 현실적인 감수성검사 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 5개 대학병원에서 일정기간 연속적으로 의뢰된 502균주의 감수성 결과를 분석하였다. 검사결과의 해석 및 2차 약제 감수성검사의 필요성은 NCCLS approved standard M24-A의 권고 기준에 따라 판단하였다. 결과 : 최소한 1가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 보인 경우는 초치료 환자의 10% (38/363), 재치료 환자의 61%(85/139)였으며, 다약제 내성을 보인 경우는 초치료 환자의 3% (11/363), 재치료 환자의 44% (61/139)였다. NCCLS 권고에 따라 2차 약제에 대한 감수성 검사를 시행하지 않아도 되는 경우는 초치료 환자의 96%, 재치료환자의 47%였다. 결론 : 초치료 환자는 95%에서 1차 약제에 대한 검사만으로 충분하므로 필요한 경우에만 2차 약제를 추가로 검사하고 재치료 환자에서는 1, 2차 약제를 동시에 검사할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각한다. Background : The anti-mycobacterial susceptibility test is performed on only a small percentage of clinical isolates in Korea. The aim of this study is to propose an anti-mycobacterial susceptibility testing scheme, which is not only economic and practical but also fully informative to physicians. Materials and Methods : The anti-mycobacterial susceptibility test results of 502 strains, isolated from five university-affiliated hospitals, were analysed. The interpretation of the results and the need for second-line drug susceptibility test were judged according to the recommendation of NCCLS M24-A guidelines. Results : The isolates from 10% (38/363) of treatment-navie patients and 61% (85/139) of retreatment patients showed resistance to at least one of the anti-mycobactial agents; 3% (11/363) and 44% (61/139) of isolates from each group were multi-drug resistant. According to the recommendation by NCCLS, the percentage of patients not needing the susceptibility test results for second-line drugs were 96% for treatment-naive and 47% for re-treatment patients. Conclusion : Since the susceptibility test against first-line drug is sufficient for 95% of treatment-navie patients with tuberculosis patients, susceptibility test against second-line drugs may be performed only when it is necessary. As for the re-treatment patients with tuberculosis, susceptibility test for both first-line and second-line drugs should be performed simultaneously.

테니스 포핸드시 밀어치기와 때려치기 타법의 운동학적 분석

윤양진,정미라,서국웅,이훈식,황명숙,강영택,윤길환 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study consists in clarifying the meaning of various angles and velocity, and two types of the stroke of a pushing shot and hitting shot through the three-dimensional image analyses among the factors of exercise. To attain the purpose of such studies, the result of experiment and analysis for each of three athletes of boys and girls in high school and three persons in general came to the conclusion as follows; 1. The last motion of a group of A having a command of a follow shot showed greatly, compared with two groups of B and C, and this showed that a group of A took a rectilinear motion greatly to gain power and two group of B and C took a rotary motion greatly to gain speed. 2. A group of A having a command of a pushing shot move body weight forward from behind and give the first consideration to a rectilinear motion, and two groups of B and C having a command of the stroke of hitting shot used the turning of the shoulder and the waist and gave much weight to a rotary motion than a rectilinear one. 3. The position of the hitting point of a group of A having a command of a pushing shot turned out to be the waist, and that of the hitting point of two groups of B and C, the chest, and namely this showed that the position of the hitting point was decided according to the form of the stroke and pictures of various kinds. 4. In impacting, the speed decreased, for the power was controled to keep an accurate timing of stroke just before impacting

Pantotheic acid 결핍에 의한 동자개치어의 사료성 아기미병

이경희,김영길,박성우 한국어병학회 2000 한국어병학회지 Vol.13 No.1

1997년 9월 전북 부안군 소재의 동자개(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) 양어장에서 작은 소리에도 과도하게 놀라고, 새변의 유착과 곤봉화를 특징으로 하는 질병이 발생하여 대량폐사를 초래한 pantothenic acid 결핍에 의한 사료성 아가미병의 병리상과 사망률을 줄이기 위한 방책을 수립하였다. 질병이 발생한 양어장의 수질은 다른 양어장의 수치와 비슷하였고, 병어에서 세균이 분리되지 않았다. 병어는 적혈구 수, Hb, Ht 및 간중량지수의 감소, 적혈구의 소형화와 간의 위축을 나타내는 전형적인 pantothenic acid 결핍에 의한 사료성 아가미병으로 판명되었다. 새변의 상피세포의 증생과 유착을 완화시키기 위해 0.5%와 0.6% 식염을 첨가하여 10일간 사육한 결과 0.5%와 대조구(식염 무첨가구)는 100% 사망하였으나, 0.6% 식염 첨구가구는 75%의 생존율을 나타냄과 동시에 새변 상피세포의 증생과 유착이 감소하였다. Pantothenic acid 10 ㎎/㎏ 사료를 25일간 급이하며 5, 10, 15, 25일 간격으로 채취하여 질병의 호전상태를 혈액학적, 병리조직학적으로 검사한 결과 pantothenic acid 첨가사료 급이 25일 후 적혈구 수, Hb, Ht, 간중량지수와 아가미 조직도 정상의 상태로 회복되었다. 병리조직학적 검사에서는 15일부터 상피세포의 증생이 줄어들어 호흡면적이 현저하게 증가하였고 급이 25일 후에는 거의 정상상태로 회복되었다. 본 연구의 결과 동자개의 pantothenic acid 결핍에 의한 사료성 아가미병의 경우 식염 0.6%에서 사육하는것과 pantothenic acid 10 ㎎/㎏ 사료 첨가하여 최소한 25일간 사육하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. A new nutritional disease has occurred among the hatchery-reared Korean bullhead fingerlings (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) in the Chonbuk Province in September 1997. Diseased fish were all dead within 3-7 days, showing sluggish behavior, head up and tail down swimming. Most characteristic clinical signs were anaemia, clubbed and fused gill, skin desquamation. haemorrhage around the mouth and at the base of pectoral fins. Any causative bacteria and parasites were not isolated from the lesions and internal organs of the diseased fish. The hepatosomatic index, red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocytes size of peripheral blood in the diseased fish were remarkably decreased compared with those of normal fish. In the histopathological observations, epithelial hyperplasia of the gill filaments initiated at the base of the gill was pronounced. This symptom was the characteristic appearence of all the diseased fish. A 0.6% saline bath and feeding a pantothenic acid-supplemented diet were conducted to decrease the mortality. Ten days after 0.6% saline bath or 25 days after feeding a pantothenic acid supplemented diet resulted in decreasing in the mortality. Microscopic appereance of the gill from the recovered fish was similar to that of the gill from healthy fish. These results indicate that the disease was caused by deficency of pantothenic acid in their diet and that 0.6% saline bath or supplementation of pantothenic acid in the diet was an effective way to decrease the mortality.

The incidence of tuberculosis after a measles outbreak.

Lee, Chang-Hoon,Lee, Eun Gyu,Lee, Ju-Young,Park, KeeHo,Lee, Beom Hee,Han, Hwasoon,Oh, Eunjung,Kim, Hee-Jin,Kang, Mi-Kyoung,Oh, Soo Yon,Bai, Jeong Ym,Bai, Gill-Han,Lee, Duk-Hyoung,Oh, Dae-Kyu,Lee, Jong The University of Chicago Press 2008 Clinical infectious diseases Vol.46 No.6

<P>Among 53,974 cases of measles that occurred during the 2000-2001 outbreak in Korea, the incidence of tuberculosis following measles was 47 cases per 214,949.6 person-years, which was significantly lower than that in the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.96). In conclusion, we did not find a positive relationship between measles and tuberculosis.</P>

A Critical Examination of the Tragedy of Hamlet

Lee,Seung-Gill 建國大學校 人文科學硏究所 1978 인문과학논총 Vol.11 No.-

Hamlet에서부터 소위 Shakespeare 悲劇이 시작되었다. Shakespeare 4大悲劇 중에서 이 戱曲은 여러가지 觀點에서 많은 論爭의 對象이 되고 있다. 실로 약 4百年 동안의 Shakespeare 批評史는 그의 藝術에 대한 취호(taste)의 迂餘曲折을 反映해 준다. 最近 Shakespeare에 대한 硏究方法은 두 가지로 大別할 수 있다. 學者的 客觀性을 띤 歷史的 方法(Historical Approach)과 Text 分析에 重點을 두는 形式主義批評(Formalistic Approach)이다. 文學作品에 대한 歷史的 方法論은 Dryden 이후 그 傳統이 오래다 할 수 있으나 Hamlet 批評에 관한 한 最近의 것이다. 20世紀에 이르러 文學의 社會的·歷史的인 背景에 대한 硏究가 拍車를 加해 E.E.Stoll의 歷史的 方法과 Dover Wilson의 Text 또는 社會的 硏究는 文學에 새로운 硏究方法을 提示했다. 時代의 背景은 文學의 理解를 돕는다. 그러나 藝術의 最後의 價値判斷은 批評家의 哲學的·直觀的 價値判斷일 때가 있다. Shakespeare가 살았던 Elizabeth 時代는 急激한 變化와 傳統의 連續性이 劇的으로 對立되었다. 革新的인 精神과 傳統維持의 精神이 對照되고 權威에 대한 反逆과 秩序에 대한 信賴가 對立되고 狂信과 懷疑가 竝存했다. 理性과 情慾의 葛藤은 어느 時代에도 存在했었으나 Elizabeth時代에 특히 激烈했다. 이같은 社會的·歷史的 狀況은 이 時代文藝의 背景과 그 表現이 되었다. 傳統的이면서 過渡期的인 이 世紀의 知的 緊張(intellectual tension)에 呼應하여 Shakespeare는 葛藤的인 劇構成을 試圖했다. 즉 直接的 陳述(Direct Statement)의 單純한 表現方法을 피하는 復雜한 劇動作과 對話로서 反語(irony)와 曖昧性(ambivalence)으로 이루어지는 辯證法的 劇演出(Dialectical Dramaturgy)이다. 悲劇의 主人公 Hamlet의 性格이 悲劇의 根本原因이 아니다. 처음부터 훌륭한 人間이 極度로 復雜한 環境에 던져져 暗中模索하면서 自己의 精神的 衝動의 根源을 糾明하려고 한다. 自己가 願치않은 環境에 처해 있다. 'Time is out fo joint.'(때가 관절에 삐었다) 그는 父王 Hamlet가 象徵하는 理想的 人間像을 憧憬한다. 母親의 不倫한 再婚을 嘔吐한다. 이것을 救濟할 精神的 療法은 復讐의 策略이 아니라도 變化된 態度(Antic-Behavior)에 의해 賦課된 復讐의 任務를 遂行해야 한다. 그 復讐까지도 여러가지 懷疑를 낳는다. 'To be or not to be'는 이 劇을 象徵한다. Hamlet의 懷疑는 곧 Renaissance 時代의 懷疑였다. 始終一貫 憂鬱한 潔癖의 倫理意識追求는 마침내 宇宙攝里의 힘을 믿고 죽음을 대한다. 이 悲劇은 單純한 心理的 系列에 속하는 劇이기보다 宇宙的 系列에 속하는 것이다. 다분히 宗敎的이다. 有限 속의 한 人生歷程은 永遠한 빛에 비추어 보아야 한다. 神은 無限한 宇宙 속에서 歷史的 刹那를 創造하는 것이라 믿어보는 것이다.