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      • 베에토벤 後期 피아노 소나타의 分析 : Op.106, Op.111의 分析

        李吉子 건국대학교 1980 學術誌 Vol.24 No.2

        The sonata form has been the basis of almost all the instrumental works of music, and had decisive influences on all the symphonies of great composers for two hundred years. The importance of sonata form, compared with other musical forms, lies in the fact that it can achieve the unity through varieties. The movements of sonata are not brought together without internal relations. Even if they seem apparently not to be connected, each movement is actually closely interconnected with each other. Whether some of his early sonatas smell of earthy rhythm, whether some works of his middle period sought to take a form of large scale drama, or whether as In his later works, they tried to take on the solemn ring, what was of most concern of Beethoven was "Communication" to audience. The musical language of Beethoven was always a medium full of poetic content as well as inspiration. The gospel of his later sonatas, which are really lucidly composed in simpler form, penetrate deeply into our heart. During his life time Beethoven composed 32 pieces of piano sonatas. They take such a place as the Bible for the piano players and students of piano music. And these sonatas are divided into three groups according to Beethoven's creative activities : No.1-1 1 belong to the early period, No.12-27 to leis middle period, and No.28-32 to the later period. Among the 32 pieces, I dealt with the later work "Hammerklavier Senate op.106," the longest and most problematie work, and "Piano Sonata op.111", his last piano sonata which expresses both aspects of war and peace. I interpret these two works not so much the crystallization of his later works as the conclusion of his life time efforts.

      • 베에토벤 作曲, 2 曲의 幻想曲風의 피아노 소나타 연구 : Op. 27, No. 1과 Op. 27, No. 2의 作曲的인 側面에서의 分析

        李吉子 건국대학교 교육대학원 1983 敎育論叢 Vol.3 No.-

        We can say that about 8 years from 1801 till 1809 in Beethoven's work-career is very important in the middle period. When we examine the period in detail, it can be classified as follows: (1) First two years (1801-1802) is a transitional period for the middle period. (2) Next six years (1803-1809) represents a period of works composed in the middle period style. (3) The second half of 1809 is the time when the transition to the later period begins. Though Beethoven suffered from ear-ache at this period, he who overcame such an ordeal made an outstanding development not only as a human being but as a musician. That is, he established the middle period style by composing such famous Sonatas as 'Kreutzer Sonata' (Violin Sonata) and 'Eroica' (Symphony No.3). Beethoven who enlarged and developed the tradition of classic sonata in his composition (Op.22 B^b Major) of large scale equal to the last sonata of early style and six String Quartets (Op.18) got tired of traditional composition which had maintained to those days and tried to abolish the classic tradition and make a new attempt. Such an intention caused him to produce a Sonata of Op. 26 A^b Major. This sonata does not take on its form at all and includes Variation and March for the first time. Therefore four movements are arranged not in an organic way but in an orderly way. Because this sonata does not show new one of which Beethoven thinks, we can say that he tried to escape from the bondage of tradition only by composing Suite-Sonata. In conclusion, Beethoven who began to feel free in Suite-Sonata continued to compose Op. 27, No. 1 & No. 2 and showed a new way clearly.

      • CMI 검사법에 의한 방직 직공의 작업능률에 대한 조사

        이길자 中央醫學社 1972 中央醫學 Vol.22 No.4

        The writer, in doing a research study on industrial mental health, devised a -plan by which she would examine 316 women employees of textile factory in the city of Pusan, as the subjects of the research study. The CMI was utilized and the following results were obtained: 1. Out of the total number of the subjects studied, 9 % were categorized in the accident group, 15% were categorized as absentees and 78% constituted the control (normal) group. 2. In neither the control group nor the absentee group, was it possible to observe any difference related to age or level of education but among the accident group subject, the younger they were and the higher the level of education, the more there appeared an increased tendency to frequent accidents. 3. Among the subjects of the research study, the over-all CMI mean average of the industrial group was the same as that of the school group. 4. As regards the CMI score, the lowest score was the control group. In regard to the accident group and the absentee group, the more data collected, the more there was a tendency to increased frequency of accidents. The same tendency could also be observed on the C.I. J. scores as on each separate CMI factor or each separate or psychological complaint. Accordingly, the writer believes that the CMI is a very effective and valuable testing method to use in order to maintain accident prevention for effective industrial management as well as increased efficiency.

      • KCI등재

        정신분열병 환자의 주 보호자와 형제자매의 욕구에 대한 연구

        이길자,김철권,서지민 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1999 정신간호학회지 Vol.8 No.2

        The purpose of this study is to assess the various needs of primary caregivers and siblings of schizophrenic primary caregivers and siblings of schizophrenic patients, and to compare differences in the perception of needs between two groups. Family needs was assessed by questionnaire which included 4 need domains of 61 items such as knowledge and information of schizophrenia, coping with problematic behaviors, intrafamilial relationship, and social support and resources. A questionnaire was conducted with 92 primary caregivers and 68 siblings. The results were as follows. 1) Both primary caregivers and siblings of schizophrenics reported strong concern and need in learning more about the cause and prevention of relapse, the degree of recovery under the treatment, the period of taking medication, and the etiology of illness. 2) Excessive depression and pessimism are reported to be a source of the most disturbing to the primary caregivers followed by such problems as unusual speech and behavior, sleeping behavior, anxiety and agitation, and physical anergia. In the siblings of schizophrenics, the refusal to the hospital admission is the most disturbing behavior followed by unusual speech and behavior, physical anergia, sleeping behavior, and suicidal idea and attempt. 3) In the domain of intrafamilial relationship, both groups showed great interests about the ways to improve communication with ill relatives and the right attitude toward patients. 4) In the domain of social support and resources, both groups reported the strongest need about the ways to improve independent living skill, and followed by coping with stigma of mental illness, financial assistance by government, and vocational rehabilitation. 5) Discriminant analyses revealed that the domain of social support and resources of primary caregivers was significant interaction with marriage status of patient, and the participation of family organization of principal family members. 6) No significant difference was noted in all items of questionnaire between primary caregivers and siblings of schizophrenics, which indicate both groups have the similar needs.

      • KCI등재

        픽션 The Beach에 나타난 관광학 사례연구 가능성에 관하여

        이길자 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.11

        이 논문의 목적은 픽션을 관광학 사례연구 자료로 이용할 수 있는 가능성을 논픽션 자료와 비교하여 고찰하고, 이 이론을 Garland의 소설 The Beach에 나타난 배낭여행객의 집단화 경향에 비추어 좀 더 구체적으로 설명하는 것이다. 이것을 위하여 필자는 픽션의 질적 연구 가능성을 강조하고, 사례연구로서 픽션이 가진 유용성을 논픽션과 대조하는 방법으로 논한다. 이후 The Beach의 줄거리와 주제에 기초하여 픽션의 구체적인 효과를 밝힌다. 그동안 사회과학 연구방법론은 계량적 분석과 실존인물들의 기록 등 객관적 사실에 의존해왔다. 하지만 실제 관광현상으로서 관광객과 관광지 거주민 그리고 관광업자에 이르는 모든 관광당사자들이 감정적 요소에 기초하여 상황을 판단하다는 점을 감안하면, 사실주의적 픽션도 소중한 연구자료로 이용이 가능하다. 특히 소설은 몰입과정을 통해 독자에게 감정이입을 요구하고, 그 단계가 완료된 경우에 논픽션보다 더욱 강하고 지속적인 효과를 가지고 있다. 필자는 이 글을 통해 픽션을 통한 사회과학적 연구의 이용가능성에 대한 많은 관심을 기대한다. This paper aims to observe the possibility of using fiction as a case study of tourism by comparing it with non-fiction materials and explain this theory more specifically in the light of backpackers’ tendency of clustering shown in Garland’s The Beach. For this end, I emphasize the possibility of qualitative research of fiction and discuss the utility of fiction as a case study research by contrasting it with non-fiction. After that, I illuminate the specific effects based on the plot and theme of The Beach. Until now, the research methods of social science have hinged on the objective facts such as measurement analysis and the real people’s records. Considering that, as a real phenomenon, all the persons directly involved in tourism, such as tourists, residents, and travel agents, judge situations based on emotional factors, realistic fiction can also be used as a research material. Notably, fiction is suggested to request empathy to readers by transportation and, only if the phase ends, deliver stronger and more lasting effects. I expect a lot of attention to the availability of the social science studies through fiction through this writing.

      • KCI등재

        다큐멘터리 Life and Debt를 통한 신자유주의 지구화에 대한 사례연구

        이길자 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.10

        This paper aims to discuss whether neoliberalism globalization is considerably responsible for Jamaica’s national debt based on a documentary Life and Death and demonstrate the reasons the United States should support the eco-friendly tourism of this country. For a research method, I observe the causative factor of neoliberalism and the effect of its globalization, illuminating the co-relationship between Jamaican national debt and the US economic policies, and emphasizing the US responsibility. Through this analysis, neoliberalism spread all around the world, which was intended to correct the negative effects of American Keynesianism and Bretton Woods system of the United States controlling the world economy after the Second World War. However, there remains as a structural problem the contradiction that the welfare benefaction merely increased notwithstanding enough taxation of conglomerates and the class of assets. Life and Debt shows this situation poignantly, giving the effect that expands the method of social science research which has depended on the text and some statistical materials. The expected impact of this study is to suggest a qualitative methodology using a documentary as a second material. 이 논문의 목적은 Jamaica의 국가채무에 대해 신자유주의 지구화가 상당한 책임이 있는지의 여부를 다큐멘터리 Life and Death에 기초하여 논하고, 이 나라의 친환경적인 관광업 개발에 미국이 원조해주야 하는 이유를 규명하는 것이다. 연구방법으로서 신자유주의의 발생 원인과 그것의 지구화에 따른 효과를 고찰하고, 이것을 위 논픽션에 비추어 Jamaica의 국가채무와 미국의 경제정책의 상관관계를 밝힌 다음 미국의 책임을 강조한다. 분석결과로서 제 2차 세계대전 이후 세계경제를 지배한 미국의 Keynes주의와 Bretton Woods체제의 폐단을 시정하기 위한 신자유주의가 전 세계적으로 확산되었다. 하지만 재벌과 자산계층에 대해 충분한 과세가 이루어지지 않음에도 불구하고 복지혜택만 커진 모순이 구조적인 문제로 남게 되었다. Life and Death은 이러한 상황을 감동적으로 표현함으로써 그동안 텍스트와 통계자료에 의존해온 사회과학 연구방법을 확대하는 효과를 가지고 있다. 이 연구의 기대효과는 다큐멘터리를 제 2차 자료로 이용한 한 질적 방법론을 제시함에 있다.

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