2016-2017년 겨울철 급성모세기관지염으로 입원한 영아의 임상 양상과 호흡기 세포융합 바이러스 유전적 변이

연동건 ( Dong Keon Yon ),민채연 ( Chae-yeon Min ),하은교 ( Eun Kyo Ha ),지혜미 ( Hye Mi Jee ),정영호 ( Young-ho Jung ),이경석 ( Kyung Suk Lee ),신윤호 ( Youn Ho Sheen ),한만용 ( Man Yong Han ) 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2018 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Circulating patterns of predominant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genotypes in the community may be helpful in understanding molecular epidemiology and predicting future outbreaks of the RSV genotype. We investigated the association of genetic variations in RSV with acute severe bronchiolitis in infants. Methods: We reviewed medical records of infants younger than 1 year of age hospitalized due to acute bronchiolitis between November 2016 and February 2017. Subjects were classified as severe or mild based on the use of mechanical or noninvasive ventilation. The associations between severity of the disease, sex, age at admission, oxygen saturation at admission and laboratory test results were analyzed. RSV sequence analysis was performed in the severe group. Results: Among 114 infants, 80 underwent respiratory viral polymerase chain reaction using nasopharyngeal swab; of these, 53 (66.3%) showed positive for RSV. Of the 53 RSV-positive samples, 9 were categorized as the severe group and 44 were categorized as the mild group. Male sex, young age, longer duration of admission, minimum SaO₂ at admission and bronchiolitis severity score were significantly correlated with disease severity in the severe group than in the mild group (all variables, P<0.001). Phylogenetic and sequence analysis in the severe group revealed 8 RSV-A, ON1 genotype and 1 RSV-B, BA4 genotype. Conclusion: Phylogenetic types of RSV in subjects of the severe group were RSV-A, ON1 genotype or RSV-B, BA4 genotype which were prevalent in the Korean community at the same time. Our study showed that disease severity was not significantly associated with RSV genotypic evolution or antigenic drift in Korea during winter season 2016-17. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:110-115)

Causes for Retraction in the Biomedical Literature: A Systematic Review of Studies of Retraction Notices

Hwang Soo Young,Yon Dong Keon,Lee Seung Won,Kim Min Seo,Kim Jong Yeob,Smith Lee,Koyanagi Ai,Solmi Marco,Carvalho Andre F,Kim Eunyoung,Shin Jae Il,Ioannidis John P A 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.41

Background: Many studies have evaluated the prevalence of different reasons for retraction in samples of retraction notices. We aimed to perform a systematic review of such empirical studies of retraction causes. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Embase database were searched in June 2023. Eligible studies were those containing sufficient data on the reasons for retraction across samples of examined retracted notices. Results: A 11,181 potentially eligible items were identified, and 43 studies of retractions were included in this systematic review. Studies limited to retraction notices of a specific subspecialty or country, journal/publication type are emerging since 2015. We noticed that the reasons for retraction are becoming more specific and more diverse. In a meta-analysis of 17 studies focused on different subspecialties, misconduct was responsible for 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53–67%) of all retractions while error and publication issues contributed to 17% (95% CI, 12–22%) and 9% (95% CI, 6–13%), respectively. The end year of the retraction period in all included studies and the proportion of misconduct presented a weak positive association (coefficient = 1.3% per year, P = 0.002). Conclusion: Misconduct seems to be the most frequently recorded reason for retraction across empirical analyses of retraction notices, but other reasons are not negligible. Greater specificity of causes and standardization is needed in retraction notices.

몇 가지 항균제가 시험관내에서 내독소와 TNF-α, IL-6 분비에 미치는 영향

최정현,문건웅,김명훈,이동건,박윤희,김상일,김태연,유진홍,김양리,신완식,강문원 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To evaluate antibiotic-induced endotoxin release(AIER) and its correlation with some cytokines, we measured endotoxin level and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin6(IL-6) production in mononuclear cells in vitro after exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics belonging to different class with two extreme concentrations. The tested concetration of antibiotics were set up according to peak serum level. The low concetration of ceftazidirne and low concentration of imiperiem increased AIER, but high concentration of ceftazideme, high concentration of ciprofloxacin, high concentration of cefoperazone/sulbactam, high concentration of amikacin, and high concentration of meropenem reduced AIER.Interestingly, combined treatment of these antibiotics markedly reduced AIER, But the major cyotkines, TNF-α and IL-6 were not affect by type and concettration of antibiotics, combined treatment of antibiotics, and level of endotoxin released by antiboitics. In this study, we observed AIER was different according to type of antibiotics, concentration of antibiotics, and combination of antibiotics, But AIER had poor correlation with TNF-α and IL-6 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It suggests that cytokine release is not solely dependent to endotoxin, but more complex cascade is needed. More invesfigations, such as endotoxin induced cytokine mRNA expression, relationship with penicillin-binding proteins and endotoxin-neutralizing effect of antibiotic itself, must be performed.

Global burden of primary liver cancer and its association with underlying aetiologies, sociodemographic status, and sex differences from 1990–2019: A DALY-based analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study

Sungchul Choi,Beom Kyung Kim,Dong Keon Yon,Seung Won Lee,Han Gyeol Lee,Ho Hyeok Chang,Seoyeon Park,Ai Koyanagi,Louis Jacob,Elena Dragioti,Joaquim Radua,Jae Il Shin,Seung Up Kim,Lee Smith 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.2

Background/Aims: Global distribution of dominant liver cancer aetiologies has significantly changed over the past decades. This study analyzed the updated temporal trends of liver cancer aetiologies and sociodemographic status in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease 2019 report was used for statistical analysis. In addition, we performed stratification analysis to five quintiles using sociodemographic index and 21 geographic regions. Results: The crude numbers of liver cancer disease-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths significantly increased during the study period (DALYs; 11,278,630 in 1990 and 12,528,422 in 2019, deaths; 365,215 in 1990 and 484,577 in 2019). However, the Age-standardized DALY and mortality rates decreased. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the leading cause of liver cancer DALYs and mortality, followed by hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH/NAFLD). Although Age-standardized DALY and mortality rates of liver cancer due to HBV and HCV have decreased, the rates due to alcohol consumption and NASH/NAFLD have increased. In 2019, the population of the East Asia region had the highest Age-standardized DALY and mortality rates, followed by high-income Asia-Pacific and Central Asia populations. Although East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions showed a decrease during the study period, Age-standardized DALY rates increased in Central Asia. High-income North American and Australasian populations also showed a significant increase in Age-standardized DALY. Conclusions: Liver cancer remains an ongoing global threat. The burden of liver cancer associated with alcohol consumption and NASH/NAFLD is markedly increasing and projected to continuously increase.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Outcomes: a Korean Nationwide Cohort

Yoo Hae Won,Jin Hyun Young,Yon Dong Keon,Effenberger Maria,신윤호,Kim So Young,Yang Jee Myung,Kim Min Seo,Koyanagi Ai,Jacob Louis,Smith Lee,Yoo In Kyung,신재일,Lee Seung Won 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.41

Background: Evidence for the association between underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the risk of testing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) positive, and the clinical consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is controversial and scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between the presence of NAFLD and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19-related outcomes. Methods: We used the population-based, nationwide cohort in South Korea linked with the general health examination records between January 1, 2018 and July 30, 2020. Data for 212,768 adults older than 20 years who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing from January 1 to May 30, 2020, were obtained. The presence of NAFLDs was defined using three definitions, namely hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI), and claims-based definition. The outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 test positive, COVID-19 severe illness, and related death. Results: Among 74,244 adults who completed the general health examination, there were 2,251 (3.0%) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 438 (0.6%) with severe COVID-19 illness, and 45 (0.06%) COVID-19-related deaths. After exposure-driven propensity score matching, patients with pre-existing HSI-NAFLD, FLI-NAFLD, or claims-based NAFLD had an 11–23% increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (HSI-NAFLD 95% confidence interval [CI], 1–28%; FLI-NAFLD 95% CI, 2–27%; and claims-based NAFLD 95% CI, 2–31%) and a 35–41% increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness (HSI-NAFLD 95% CI, 8–83%; FLI-NAFLD 95% CI, 5–71%; and claims-based NAFLD 95% CI, 1–92%). These associations are more evident as liver fibrosis advanced (based on the BARD scoring system). Similar patterns were observed in several sensitivity analyses including the full-unmatched cohort. Conclusion: Patients with pre-existing NAFLDs have a higher likelihood of testing SARSCoV-2 positive and severe COVID-19 illness; this association was more evident in patients with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis. Our results suggest that extra attention should be given to the management of patients with NAFLD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among Korean adolescents: the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) 2006 to 2020

Eunji Kim,Ga Bin Lee,Dong Keon Yon,Hyeon Chang Kim 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES This study investigated recent trends in the prevalence of obesity among Korean adolescents and explored socioeconomic disparities in obesity. METHODS This study used annual self-reported data on height, weight, and socioeconomic information from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2006 to 2020. With a 95.8% response rate, the sample consisted of 818,210 adolescents. Obesity prevalence was calculated according to 4 socioeconomic indicators (household income, father’s educational attainment, mother’s educational attainment, and urbanicity). Socioeconomic inequality was quantified using the relative index of inequality (RII). RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity increased, doubling from 5.9% in 2006 to 11.7% in 2020. Boys and high school students showed a higher prevalence. The RIIs in household income and parental educational attainments significantly increased with time, indicating a growing inequality in obesity. Socioeconomic disadvantages had a greater influence on obesity among girls. The most recent RII values for boys were 1.25 for income, 1.79 for the father’s education, and 1.45 for the mother’s education, whereas the corresponding values for girls were 2.49, 3.17, and 2.62, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight growing inequalities in adolescent obesity according to household income and parental educational attainments, especially for girls and middle schoolers.

Characteristics of a Subset of Achalasia With Normal Integrated Relaxation Pressure

( Eunju Kim ),( In Kyung Yoo ),( Dong Keon Yon ),( Joo Young Cho ),( Sung Pyo Hong ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.2

Background/Aims Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) is a critical diagnostic criterion to define achalasia. However, there are some cases with typical symptoms and signs of achalasia but with normal IRP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with achalasia with normal IRP and outcomes after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Methods Patients with achalasia were collected in whom POEM was performed from November 2014 to April 2018 at CHA Bundang Medical Center. Achalasia with normal IRP was defined by findings compatible to achalasia in Eckardt score, endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound, high-resolution manometry, impedance planimetry (EndoFlip), and timed esophagogram. Results POEM was performed in 89 patients with achalasia; among them, 24 (27%) patients were diagnosed with achalasia with normal IRP. Patients with achalasia with normal IRP were older, had longer duration of symptom, and had a more tortuous esophagus. In EndoFlip, the distensibility index and cross-sectional area were higher in patients with normal IRP. Therapeutic outcomes showed no statistically significant differences. On correlation analysis, IRP had negative correlations with age, disease duration, and distensibility index. Conclusions Patients with achalasia of normal IRP value were older and had longer disease duration and higher distensibility index and cross-sectional area than patients with achalasia with abnormal relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter. Therapeutic outcomes were not different between the 2 groups. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020;26:274-280)

Ten-year trends and prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population, 2008-2017

Ha, Jihyun,Lee, Seung Won,Yon, Dong Keon The Korean Pediatric Society 2020 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.63 No.7

Background: Major questions remain regarding the agestratified trends of allergic diseases and asthma in Korea. Purpose: To identify the estimated recent prevalence and 10-year trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional survey (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) over 10 years (2008-2017) examined representative samples of the Korean population (n=85,006) including 2,131 infants, 4,352 preschool children, 12,919 school-age children, 44,200 adults, and 21,404 elderly adults. Results: In the 2016 to 2017 population, the estimated prevalence of asthma was 0.9% in infants, 2.3% in preschool children, 4.1% in school-age children, 2.3% in adults, and 4.1% in the elderly. The estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 9.0%, 20.2%, 27.6%, 17.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. The estimated prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 5.9%, 11.3%, 14.6%, 3.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. Ten-year trends revealed a significant decrease in asthma prevalence in infants, preschool children, and the elderly. and in atopic dermatitis prevalence in infants and preschool children (P<0.05 for all trends). Furthermore, 10-year trends demonstrated a significant increase in allergic rhinitis prevalence in school-age children, adults, and the elderly, and in atopic dermatitis prevalence in school-age children and the elderly (P<0.05 for all trends). Conclusion: These results improve our understanding of the age-stratified epidemiology of allergic diseases in Korea and suggest the need for the development of tailored and precise strategies to prevent allergic diseases in different age groups.

한국 코로나바이러스감염증-19 환자 5,628명의 역학적, 임상적 특성: 전국단위 다기관 관찰 연구

이승원 ( Seung Won Lee ),문성용 ( Sung Yong Moon ),연동건 ( Dong Keon Yon ) 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2021 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.9 No.3

Purpose: There are limited data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes in Korean patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 using the Korean nationwide multicenter database. Methods: In this nationwide multicenter study, we included all confirmed patients of COVID-19 in South Korea from February 1 to April 30, 2020. Subjects were classified into 3 age groups: those at younger than 10 years (children), 10 to 20 years (adolescents), and 20 years or more (adults). Cases were confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay and analyzed for epidemiological and clinical features and outcomes. Patents were followed up until April 30, 2020. Results: Of 5,628 patients with COVID-19 (2,320 males [41.2%] and 3,308 females [58.8%]), there were 66 children (1.2%), 206 adolescents (3.7%), and 5,356 adults (95.2%). The common comorbidities were hypertension (1,201, 21.3%), diabetes (691, 12.3%), dementia (224, 4.0%), chronic heart disease (179, 3.2%), cancer (145, 2.6%), and asthma (128, 2.3%). The common presenting symptoms were cough (2,341, 41.6%), sputum (1,619, 28.8%), fever (1,305, 23.2%), headache (967, 17.2%), myalgia (926, 16.5%), and pharyngodynia (881, 15.7%). One hundred sixty-five patients (2.1%) were confirmed as having moderate or severe COVID-19 and 118 (2.1%) as having severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Our descriptive study provides the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in South Korea. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2021;9:136-140)

Cohort profile: National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea study 2008 (NICKs-2008)

Kim, Ju Hee,Lee, Jung Eun,Shim, So Min,Ha, Eun Kyo,Yon, Dong Keon,Kim, Ok Hyang,Baek, Ji Hyeon,Koh, Hyun Yong,Chae, Kyu Young,Lee, Seung Won,Han, Man Yong The Korean Pediatric Society 2021 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.64 No.9

Background: An adequate large-scale pediatric cohort based on nationwide administrative data is lacking in Korea. Purpose: This study established the National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea study 2008 (NICKs-2008) based on data from a nationwide population-based health screening program and data on healthcare utilization for children. Methods: The NICKs-2008 study consisted of the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) databases comprising children born in 2008 (n=469,248) and 2009 (n=448,459) in the Republic of Korea. The NHIS database contains data on age, sex, residential area, income, healthcare utilization (International Classification of Diseases10 codes, procedure codes, and drug classification codes), and healthcare providers. The NHSPIC consists of 7 screening rounds. These screening sessions comprised physical examination, developmental screening (rounds 2-7), a general health questionnaire, and age-specific anticipatory guidance. Results: During the 10-year follow-up, 2,718 children (0.3%) died, including more boys than girls (hazard ratio, 1.145; P<0.001). A total of 848,048 children participated in at least 1 of the 7 rounds of the NHSPIC, while 96,046 participated in all 7 screening programs. A total of 823 infants (0.1%) weighed less than 1,000 g, 3,177 (0.4%) weighed 1,000-1,499 g, 37,166 (4.4%) weighed 1,500-2,499 g, 773,081 (91.4%) weighed 2,500-4,000 g, and 32,016 (5.1%) weighed over 4,000 g. There were 23,404 premature babies (5.5%) in 2008 compared to 23,368 (5.6%) in 2009. The developmental screening test indicated appropriate development in 95%-98% of children, follow-up requirements for 1%-4% of children, and recommendations for further evaluation for 1% of children. Conclusion: The NICKs-2008, which integrates data from the NHIS and NHSPIC databases, can be used to analyze disease onset prior to hospitalization based on information such as lifestyle, eating habits, and risk factors.