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Effective RS Deployment in Mobile WiMAX MMR
MH. Bae,B.Otgonbayar,Ghishigjargal 한국통신학회 2009 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.6
IEEE 802.16j aims to enhance the coverage, per user throughput and system capacity of IEEE 802.16e. Compared with base station (BS), RS does not need a wire-line backhaul and has much lower hardware complexity. Using RSs can significantly reduce the deployment cost of the system. In this paper, the optimal relay station (RS) location and the bandwidth allocation for RS in fixed RS based radio cooperation system are investigated to maximize the data rate when the RS adopts amplify -forward (AF) scheme. For maximum achievable data rate, the MS selectively accesses BS or RS and the optimal RS location is obtained to maximize the system capacity for relaying system with three sectors within which there is one fixed RS. And then the optimal bandwidth allocation for the RS is gotten by calculating the percentage of MS which accesses RS and SNReff(the composite of SNRsr + SNRrd) and SNRsd. Simulation is implemented to find the optimal RS location and bandwidth allocation for RS in IEEE 802.16j based relay system.
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배국환,부문현,김성배,동가진 대한산부인과학회 1993 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.36 No.8
1989년 1월부터 1991년 12월까지 본 병원 산부인과에서 기능장애성 자궁출혈 환자 139례 대한 임상 및 병리학적 검사에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령분포는 40대에서 49%, 30대, 50대 순이었고, 평균연령은 41.5세였다. 2. 사과력은 평균 임신횟수가 5.2회였고, 분만횟수는 2,3회였다. 3. 출혈양상은 월경간 출혈이 59례(42.4%), 월경과다가 42례(30.2%)로 많은 빈도를 차지하였다. 4. 자궁내막의 조직학적 소견은 중식기 내막이 54.7% 분비기 내막이 30.2%, 내막중식증이 5.7%순으로 나타났다. 5. 표준화한 월경주기 14일후 자궁내막생검을 시행한 83례중 무배란성 출혈을 보이는 경우가 71% 로 나타났다. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB)is defined as abnormal bleeding from the uterine endometrium, whic is unrelated to anatomic lesion. According to definition, dysfunctional uterine bleeding seems to be a exclusive term. The problem of abnormal uterine bleeding is the most frequent problem of all gynecologic disease and may ovvur on any age, from menarch to menopause, but occurs more frequently especially on puberty and menopause. it may occur in an ovulatory cycle, although it is more comonly associated with and anovulatory one. 139 cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding were evaluated on clincal and pathologic aspects, and we performed brief review of literature. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution of DUB was localized mainly in 30 ∼ 40 years, mean age was 41.5 years. 2. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding patients were mainly multigravidas (mean gravidities ; 5.2 times, mean parities; 2.6 times). 3. Among various bleeding patterns, intermenstrual bleeding was the most common pattern (42%) and the next was menorrhagia (30%). 4. Histologic findings of endometrium were proliferative phases, 76 cases (55%), secretory phase, 42 cases (30%), and hyperplasia, 8 cases (6%) in order of prequency. 5. According to endometrial biopsy, the incidence of anovulatory DUB was 71% (59 cases out of 83 cases) and ovulatory DUB was 29% (24 cases out of 83 cases).
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배국환,부문현,김성배,한준열 대한산부인과학회 1993 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.36 No.7
Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the commonest soft tissus tumor in children. After the head and neck, genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma is the second most common site. There are four major types of rhabdomyosarcoma: embryonal, alveolar,pleomorphic, and undir-ferentiated. A subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is often denoted by the descrip-tive term $quot;sarcoma botryoides$quot;, because of alayer of spimdle cells pushing up beneath the moucosa in polupoid masses. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix is very rare. Simpson re-viewed 38 cases of cervical sarcoma botryoides from the world literature to 1943. Till nowa-days, total number of the cases in the literature is less than 100. Fruther experiences with a large number of cases are necessary for better management and prognosis. Recently we have experienced a case of rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the uterine cervix. This case is pre-sented with abrief review of the literature.
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조기진통 임산부에서 C-Reactive Protein과 Hematocrit검사의 임상적 의의 및 태반조직학적 변화와의 관계
배덕호,양희생,천관영,남미현 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.6
1992년 1월부터 1994년 7월 30일까지 임신 20주에서 35주사이에 양막파수없이 조기진통을 주소로 국립의료원 산부인과에 입원한 조기진통 임산부 81례와 대조군으로 임신 38주에서 42주사이에 양막파수없이 진통이 있어 입원하여 분만한 만삭진통 임산부 50례를 대상으로 혈청 C-reactive protein(CRP) hematocrit검사를 시행하여 태반의 융모양막염 조직소견, 진통 억제제의 효과에 대하여 비교하였고, CRP 양성군에서 항생제 병용효과를 관찰하였으며, Hct 과 조기진통 발생과의 관계에 대해 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CRP 양성도는 조기진통 임산부중에서 53% 대조군인 만삭진통 임산부주에서 22%로 두군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 각 군 사이에 연령, 임신, 분만, 유산 횟수에 유의한 차이는 없었고, 입원시 임신주수도 1 군과 2군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 입원시부터 분만까지 임신지연 기간은 1군에서 29.3+-9.7일로 2군의 12.3+-10.6일보다 유의하게 길었으며, 분만시 제태기간 역시 1군에서 34.2+-4.3주로 2군의 31.9+-2.4주보다 유의하게 길었다. 4. 진통억제제를 사용하여 7일이상 분만시 지연된 경우가 1군에서 83%로 2군의 58%보다 유의하게 높았다. 5. 1군에서 신생아 출생체중 (2232+-105g)과 1분 및 5분 Apgar 점수 (7.8+-0.3, 8.9+-0.3 )가 2 군의 신생아 출생체중 (1678+-152g), 1분 및 5분 Apgar 점수(5.7+-0.7, 6.9+-0.7)보다 현저히 높았다. 6. 분만후 태반의 조직학적 검사상 융모양막염 소견은 조기진통 환자의 80%에서 보였으나 3기의 융모양막염소견은 1군의 15%, 2군에서 55%, 3군의 4%에서 보여 세군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 7. CRP 양성인 군에서 항생제 치료를 병행하여 1주일 후에 음성으로 바뀐 군은 분만지연 일수가 15.0+-8.8일로 지속적으로 CRP양성을 보인 군의 7.0+-4.6일보다 유의하게 길었다. 또한 음성으로 바뀐 군은 39%만이 3기 융모양막염소견을 보인데 비해 CRP가 지속적으로 나타났던 군은 86%에서 3기 융모양막염 소견을 보임으로써 항생제 치료를 병행하는 것이 분 만을 지연시키는 데 효과가 있었다. 8. 조기진통 임산부중 38%가 Hct이 29.9%이하, 43%가 Hct이 30.0%에서 34.9% 사이였던데 비해, 만삭진통 임산부에서는 8%가 Hct이 29.8%이하 38%가 Hct 30.0%에서 34.9%사이에 있 어 Hct 수치와 조기진통 발생사이에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것을 보여주고 있다. Despite the fact it is the largest cause of perinatal mortaligy and morbidity, the cause of preterm delivery is poorly understood. Subclinical intrauterine infection was suggested as a cause of preterm labor. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of subclinical chorioamniontis in preterm labor and evalute the use of C-reactive protein as a possible marker for this type of infectin. In addition to, the association anemia during pregnancy and preterm labor was studied. We performed the qualitative test of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) in 81 cases of preterm labor with intact membrane between 20-35 gestatinal weeks and 50 cases of term labor in 38-42 gestatinal weeks, who were admitted to the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, National Medical Center from January 1st, 1992 to July 30th , 1994. The study groups were categorized to three groups according to the result of CRP ; 43 cases of CRP positive preterm labor patients (group I), 38 cases of CRP negative preterm labor patients (group II), and 50 cases of term labor women(group III) as a control group . The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of positive CRP was 53% in preterm labor women and 22% in term labor women. There was no significant statistic difference between them. 2. There were no significant differences of age, gravity, parity, abortion number in each group , and there was no significant difference the gestational weeks at admission between group I, and group II. 3. The delay of time from admission to delivery and gestational weeks at delivery in group I were lower than those in group II (29.3+-9.7days : 12.3+-10.6 days, 34.2+-4.3 weeks :31.9+-2.5 weeks.) 4. In preterm labor patients who were administered tocolytics, the treatment success rate was significantly higher in CRP negative group than in CRP positive group. 5. In perinatal outcome, the mean birth weight, 1 minute, and 5 minute Apger score of group I were significantly higher than those of group II(2232+-105g : 1678+-152g : 7.8+-0.3 : 5.7+-0.7, 8.9+-0.3 : 6.9+-0.7) 6. Pathologic placental infection was found in 100% of preterm labor patients and in 80% of term labor women. Moreover, more severe placental infection(Stage III chorioamnionitis) predominated in group II, comparing to group I and III.) 7. In CRP positive group patient , antibiotics therapy was done. The delay of time from admissin to delivery was significantly shorter and stage III choriamnionitis predominated in persistent CRP positive group than in CRP negative conversion group (7.0+-4.6days : 15.0+-8.8days). 8. Hematocrit on admission was below 29.9% in 38 % from 30.0 to 34.9% in 43 % of preterm labor women, and below 29.9% in 8% from 30.0 to 34.9% in 38% term labor women. Bases in above results , CRP test in pretem labor patients in helpful for diagnosis of subclinical intrauterine infection and prediction the pregnancy outcome, and anemia during pregnancy is associated with preterm labor.
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백서에서 비스테로이드성 항염증약물 , Heparin , Hyskon , TC-7의 술후 유착형성 억제효과에 관한 비교
고민환,이태형,박윤기,이영기,배철준,곽양수,이경아 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.7
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of inhibition of postsurgical adhesion formation in the rat model by meclofenamate, tolmetin, TC-7, Hyskon, and heparin. Laparotomies were performed on grossly healthy, mature nonpregnant female rats, and proximal 1 cm of each uterine horn was traumatized with unipolar electrocautery. Each rat was randomly assigned to one of six different groups(control, meclofenamate, tolmetin, heparin, TC-7, and Hyskon group), and different solutions or an adhesion barrier were placed into traumatized uterine horn before closure. One week later adhesion formation was scored according to percent involvement of each traumatized uterine horn(0 to 4), and adhesion density(0 to 2), and compared using one-way analysis of variance and Fishers exact test. Compared with the control group, postsurgical adhesion formation was significantly decreased in the TC-7 group(average adhesion score, 1.72), the meclofenamate group(2.19), the Hyskon group(2.53), and the tolmetin group(2.93). The TC-7 group was also significantly decreased in adhesion formation compared with the Hyskon, tolmetin, heparin groups, and meclofenamate group was significantly decreased in adhesion formation compared with tolmetin and heparin groups. There were no significant differences between groups in adhesion density. So we suggest that meclofenamate is a cost-effective agent in inhibition of postsurgical adhesion formation.
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Osteogenic Sarcoma의 소견을 보이는 난소의 원발성 Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor
허만하(MH Huh),박두철(DC Park),하근수(KS Ha),배국환(KH Bae),강대경(DK Kang),정재훈(JH Chung) 대한산부인과학회 1971 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.14 No.4
난관에 발생한 malignant giant cell tumor와 구별이 불가능한 병변을 특징으로 하는 mixed mesodermal tumor 1예를 보고한다. A case of malignant ovarian mixed mesodermal tumor in a 42 years old Korean female (in a artificial menopause) is presented. The histology of the tumor is unique in that it reveals mesenchymal components histologically indistinguishable from primary osteogenic sarcoma of bone. Discussion and literature review are made in relation to the histogenesis and histopathological features of malignant Mullerian mesodermal tumor or ovary. This reprents the first reported case of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor or ovary in Korean literature.
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