김인서의 시대인식과 조선적 기독교

전인수(In-soo Jeon) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2011 신학논단 Vol.65 No.-

This article deals with the relationship between Kim In-suh’s perceptions of his time and his Koreanized Christianity. Previous studies have highly appreciated his Koreanized Christianity itself, but further and deeper researches on various characters and limits of it have not been proceeded so far. Also this article tries to find out what was Korea Church like at that time under historical circumstances. The fact that there were similarities in the way Kim In-suh and Lee Yong-do perceived the issues on Korea Church was emphasized in this article. Once they were colleagues and it made them have similar points of view. Eventually, however, Kim chose a different path from Lee’s because he had contrasting opinion on how to overcome the existing crisis in Korea Church. He believed the problem can be solved not by revolution but by revival. Unlike other Presbyterians, Kim argued Korea Church should be self-supported and pursue Koreanized Christianity. This did not mean the exclusion or severance from Mission boards and missionaries. He maintained positive relationship with them. Kim gave high appraisal of Gil Sun-joo’s Korea Theology because he thought Gil’s Malseron(eschatology) acutely expressed oriental and biblical truth. This article summarized several characteristics of Kim’s Koreanized Christianity. Despite clear limitations, his was the most possible and viable indigenization theory at that time. In other words, by arguing the indigenization in church, he could minimize the existing conflicts with Korean church. This article deals with the relationship between Kim In-suh’s perceptions of his time and his Koreanized Christianity. Previous studies have highly appreciated his Koreanized Christianity itself, but further and deeper researches on various characters and limits of it have not been proceeded so far. Also this article tries to find out what was Korea Church like at that time under historical circumstances. The fact that there were similarities in the way Kim In-suh and Lee Yong-do perceived the issues on Korea Church was emphasized in this article. Once they were colleagues and it made them have similar points of view. Eventually, however, Kim chose a different path from Lee’s because he had contrasting opinion on how to overcome the existing crisis in Korea Church. He believed the problem can be solved not by revolution but by revival. Unlike other Presbyterians, Kim argued Korea Church should be self-supported and pursue Koreanized Christianity. This did not mean the exclusion or severance from Mission boards and missionaries. He maintained positive relationship with them. Kim gave high appraisal of Gil Sun-joo’s Korea Theology because he thought Gil’s Malseron(eschatology) acutely expressed oriental and biblical truth. This article summarized several characteristics of Kim’s Koreanized Christianity. Despite clear limitations, his was the most possible and viable indigenization theory at that time. In other words, by arguing the indigenization in church, he could minimize the existing conflicts with Korean church.

보건소를 이용하는 지역주민의 건강 행위와 건강관련 체력간의 관계

전미양,최명애,이인숙,김태수,김의숙,박선홍 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify relationship health behavior and health related physical fitness in order to provide the basic data for health promotion program for community people. The study was conducted 299 people, during the period from June 1, 2000 to October 30, 2000. The result are as follows. 1. Female comprised was 63.2%(189), while male comprised 36.8%(110). The age range of the subject were from 21 to 59 years old. The subject were aged 30s group 52.5%, 40s group 29.1%, 50s group 12.7%, 20s group 5.7%. Twenty subjects (6.7%) had experience smoking and one subject (0.3%) in female and nineteen subjects (6.4%) in male. Seventy-five subjects (25.1%) had experience drinking and twenty-nine subjects (9.7%) in female, and forty-six (15.4%) in male subjects. ninety-nine subjects had exercise and sixty subjects (20.1%) in female subjects and thirty-mine subject (13%) in male. 2. Body fat and flexibility were higher in female than male subjects, but cardioresperatory endurance, muscular strength and muscular endurance were higher in male than female subjects. 3. There were significant differences in body fat and muscular endurance between age group in both gender subjects, and in cardioresperatory endurance and muscular strength between the age group in male subjects. 4. No significant differences health related fitness between non-smoking and smoking group in both gender subjects. 5. No significant differences health related fitness between non-alcohol and alcohol group in both gender subjects. 6. For female subjects, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of the non exercise group. for male subjects, cardiorespiratory endurance of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of the non exercise group.

정신지체 특수학교 전공과 및 전환교육의 운영실태와 개선방향

조인수,도금숙,전보성 한국특수교육문제연구소 2001 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 정신지체 특수학교의 전공과 및 전환교육의 운영실태와 개선방향을 탐색하는데 주안점을 두었다. 전공과 및 전환교육의 운영실태는 16개 영역으로 조사하고 문제점과 개선방향은 10개 영역을 중심으로 세부적인 내용을 조사 분석하였다. 여기서 조사분석된 내용은 정신지체 직업 · 전환교육에 좋은 지침이 될 수 있을 것이며 타장애영역 학생들의 직업진로 및 전환교육에 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. The aims of this study are finding out the reality of the operation of the majored subjects and problems and finding out the improved methods about them. And 1 surveyed special teachers who are attending 17 special schools in Korea in which have the majored subjects about the reality of operating them and improved methods about them. First, about surveying the reality of operation, as to the majored subjects, they are mainly teaching students in the form of work training, guiding job, preparing job and daily Iiving skills through classes. The selection of majored subjects conceming jobs are made through school's direction and the cooperation among teachers, students and parents, and teaching jobs are now changed or will be changed because of the maladjustment to student' s aptitude, the assessment on their job aptitude is not being made now. There are many qualified teachers who have the certification in special school and they think that their roles as directors, guiders are important. The majoring students don’t have enough practicing places and factories. Even though they are received training about job in school, they get jobs unrelated with their received training. And they have verγ low employment as a whole. Though the transitional education program whose aims are selection in jobs, employment and enjoying jobs, it is started especially in the middle and high school courses. And it is thought that official and individualized education program is very important, also needed the cooperation among related authorities and it’s major program is used as the programs on job training. programs on job training. Next, as to the problems and improved methods, the problems about the majored subjects are the unrelatedness with job training and unreality and only one line of selection in job training. The problem about the transitional education program is the shortage in social skills, in the basement of job training and in carrγing out ability. The professional ability which is required in job guiding teacher is job training guide, many methods, the ability about assessing job aptitude, and testing their ability. The construction of the curriculum is not applying the guided curriculum rather than transforming the curriculum according to the atmosphere, and their school year should not be stuck to any one standard but be varied according to their ability and improvement. In the operation of majored subjects, it is necessarγ for them to provide real career education, the opportunity to receive various job training and the supported employments in which they can be included in their society actively.

Low serum bilirubin level predicts the develop-ment of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

( Kang Hee Ahn ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Won Jin Kim ),( Jong Ho Kim ),( Yun Jeong Nam ),( Su Bin Park ),( Yun Kyung Jeon ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( In Joo Kim ),( Yong Ki Kim ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.5

Background/Aims: We evaluated whether serum bilirubin levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T₂DM). Methods: This was a retrospective observational longitudinal study of patients presenting at the Pusan National University Hospital. A total of₃₄₉ patients with T₂DM and preserved kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) were enrolled. The main outcome was the development of CKD stage 3 or greater. The patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the total serum bilirubin levels at baseline. Results: The group with the lowest range of total serum bilirubin level (Q₁) showed the highest cumulative incidence of CKD stage 3 or greater than that of the other lower quartiles (Q₁ vs. Q₄; hazard ratio [HR], 6.75; 95% confidence in-terval [CI], 1.54 to 29.47; p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the second lowest quartile of the serum bili-rubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q₂ vs. Q₄; HR, 9.36; 95% CI, 1.33 to 65.73; p = 0.024). In the normoalbuminuria subgroup (n = 236), multivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the lowest quartile of the serum bilirubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q1 vs. Q4; HR, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.24 to 35.82; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Serum bilirubin might be an early clinical marker for predicting the progression of CKD in patients with T₂DM and preserved renal function.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR : Adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with abnormal cortisol secretion mediated by catecholamines

( Harin Rhee ),( Yun Kyung Jeon ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Yang Ho Kang ),( Seok Man Son ),( Yong Ki Kim ),( In Joo Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.5

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome. In AIMAH, cortisol secretion is independent of ACTH, and various hormones and/or cytokines have been thought to stimulate cortisol secretion via the aberrant expression of adrenal receptors or the increased activity of eutopic hormone receptors. Schorr and Ney [1] f irst proposed this concept, and subsequently the ectopic expression of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), V2 and V3-vasopressin, β -adrenergic, luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), serotonin, and angiotensin receptors, as well as increased activity of a eutopic V1-vasopressin receptor, have been identified in the adrenal gland [1,2]. Several genetic factors, such as Gs α-subunit mutations associated with McCune-Albright syndrome and MC2R (ACTH receptor gene) mutations, have also been postulated as causes of AIMAH. A 50-year-old male was referred and admitted to our hospital due to uncontrolled hypertension. He had suffered from hypertension for 6 years. His blood pressure was originally well controlled for the first 5 years using a calcium channel blocker, but poorly controlled for 1 year before he visited our hospital, despite his regular use of antihypertensive agents. He was initially referred to the Cardiology Department and underwent cardiologic evaluation after complaining of paroxysmal palpitation and dizziness. His 24-hour Holter monitoring and coronary angiographic results were normal, except for several antigen- presenting cells and a minimal coronary arterial obstruction at the middle left anterior descending artery. He had a past history of major depression and had been prescribed an antidepressive agent 18 months before he visited our hospital. On physical examination, he had a moon face, marked central obesity (height, 167 cm; weight, 77.65 kg; body mass index, 27.84 kg/m2), and multiple bruises on his extremities. He also had prominent purple abdominal striae, and all of his morphological features were consistent with Cushing syndrome. Laboratory examinations revealed 145.7 mEq/L serum sodium and 2.86 mEq/L serum potassium. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.519, HCO3, 37.4 mM/L). His hemoglobin A1c level was 5.9%, and his serum fasting blood glucose was 118 mg/dL. The results of basal endocrinological examinations are summarized in Table 1. The circadian variation in serum cortisol production was disrupted, and basal ACTH levels were suppressed. A 24-hour urinary free cortisol test and overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DMST) were both suggestive of Cushing syndrome. Low- and high-dose DMST revealed Cushing syndrome of primary adrenal origin. An abdominal computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral large macronodular adrenal tumors. His pituitary gland was normal on brain MRI scans. We thus diagnosed this patient with Cushing syndrome secondary to AIMAH. To identify aberrant receptors on the adrenal gland, we followed the investigative protocol described by Lacroix et al. [3]. Postural and various provocation tests, including ACTH (250 μg, intravascular), arginine vasopressin (AVP; 10 IU, intramuscular), 5-hydroxy triptamine (5-HT; 10 mg, intravascular), isoproterenol (20 ng/kg/min, intravascular for 30 minutes) and mixed meal tests, were performed. His serum cortisol level showed a positive response to ACTH, AVP, and isoproterenol provocation tests, but a negative response to the postural stimulation test. The results are summarized in Fig. 1A. If the patient had β-adrenergic or AVP receptors on his adrenal gland, then he would have responded to the postural stimulation test; but he did not. We repeated the postural stimulation test, and checked his endogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level. He exhibited an increased ADH level on the postural test, but no cortisol secretion (Fig. 1B). A bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. The subsequent pathological examination of both adrenal glands showed hyperplasia with a multinodular growth pattern: the right and left adrenal glands were sized 14.0 × 5.0 × 3.0 cm and 9.0 × 5.0 × 3.0 cm, respectively, and multiple golden yellow nodules measuring up to 4 cm in diameter were present. Microscopic findings showed that the nodules consisted of variable- sized nests of lipid-laden clear cells similar to those of the normal fasiculata layer (Fig. 2). The final clinical and pathological diagnosis was Cushing syndrome secondary to β-adrenergic agonist-responding AIMAH. After the operation, he took physiological doses of prednisolone and f ludrocortisone. He then lost weight gradually and achieved optimal blood pressure with reduced doses of antihypertensive agents. Kirschner et al. [4] first described AIMAH in 1964. They demonstrated that hypercortisolism was ACTH-independent, and that the resected adrenal glands contained multiple nodules. Since then, a number of cases have been described, and the cause of AIMAH has been characterized more precisely. Previously, steroid production in AIMAH was believed to be autonomous. In the previous study that compared the adrenal glands of patients with AIMAH to those in patients with long-standing Cushing disease, and concluded that prolonged adrenal stimulation by ACTH resulted in adrenal bilateral nodular formation and varying ranges of adrenal autonomy [5]. There were also some cases in which autonomy of the adrenal gland was the result of chronic ACTH stimulation, which eventually resulted in ACTH suppression. However, the rarity of Nelson syndrome following bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with AIMAH strongly argued against the adrenal autonomy hypothesis. In 1971, Schorr and Ney [1] first introduced the concept of aberrant adrenal receptor expression in adrenocortical tissue. They performed in vitro studies, and found that cyclic adenosine monophosphate and corticosterone production in rat adrenocortical carcinoma cells were stimulated by non-ACTH hormones such as catecholamines, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, LH, and prostaglandin E1. This hypothesis was later validated in humans by additional in vitro and in vivo studies. Several ectopic receptors such as GIP, β-adrenergic receptors, vasopressin (V2-V3-vasopressin receptor), serotonin (5-HT7 receptors), and angiotensin II receptors, and increased expression or altered activity of eutopic receptors in- cluding the V1-vasopressin receptors, LH/hCG receptors, serotonin (5-HT4 receptor), and leptin receptors was found [5]. In our patient, the serum cortisol level was increased by ACTH stimulation, exogenous AVP, and isoproterenol. Because exogenous AVP could naturally stimulate ACTH and increase serum cortisol levels, we checked serum ACTH levels during an AVP stimulation test. His serum cortisol level was increased by 82%, and serum ACTH level was increased by 11.5%. We were unable to confirm if AVP itself stimulated the adrenal cortex directly, or whether the induced ACTH caused cortisol secretion. A postural test was performed to screen for the aberrant expression of the AVP, β-adrenergic, or angiotensin II receptors. Interestingly, cortisol secretion was stimulated by exogenous AVP and a β-adrenergic agonist; however, a postural test failed to stimulate cortisol secretion. We repeated the postural test, and also checked the patient`s aldosterone level to verify if the test was accurate and determined serum ADH levels to confirm if endogenous ADH stimulated adrenal cortisol secretion. Because serum aldosterone levels increase in response to postural stimulation, the test itself was working; however, the cortisol response was negative. This suggests that the patient`s β-adrenergic receptor showed a blunted response to the test. Because we did not determine the serum catecholamine levels during postural stimulation, it was unclear whether the postural test induced sufficient endogenous catecholamine. Although a stronger stimulus (such as a treadmill test) would have induced endogenous catecholamine and increased serum cortisol levels, the patient refused because he had ischemic heart disease. In our case, exogenous AVP, but not endogenous ADH, stimulated adrenal cortisol secretion. This suggests that the cortisol response to exogenous pharmacological levels of vasopressin was mediated by AVP-induced catecholamine release [3]. We finally concluded that this patient had ectopic β-adrenergic receptors on the adrenal cortex, and recommended long-term propranolol therapy. However, because he strongly desired to undergo treatment with a rapid response, we consulted the Urological Department who recommended bilateral adrenalectomy. The identification of aberrant adrenal hormone receptors in AIMAH provides novel opportunities for specific pharmacological therapies as alternatives to adrenalectomy. In 1997, Lacroix et al. [3] reported the use of propranolol therapy for ectopic β-adrenergic receptors in adrenal Cushing syndrome in 1997. Some studies have revealed aberrant receptor expression in vitro using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. However, a limitation of our study is that we did not confirm aberrant receptor expression using in vitro analyses. In conclusion, we report a rare case of an AIMAH patient. In vivo examinations suggested that altered cortisol regulation due to a β-adrenergic agonist was involved in the pathogenesis of the AIMAH patient.

관상동맥 스텐트 시술 후의 재협착에 관한 연구

김윤철,이정우,김보영,강정아,임대승,이민수,김정희,성보영,최성준,성인환,전은석 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

Coronary stent implacement is known as an effective treatment in the intimal dissection after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the prevention of restenosis. However, In-stent restenosis still remains a major concern in clinical stenting. The stents were placed in 103 patients from July 1996 to March 1999 and performed follow-up coronary angiograms in 59(57.3%) patients. To identify the clinical, angiographic and procedurerelated variables 'which predict late restenosis within the stented artery, 59 patients(58.3±9.9, M:F= 41:18) were studied. The clinical characteristics of the patients were stable angina in 23(39.0%), unstable angina in 14(23.7%), acute myocardial infarction in 21(35.6%) and old myocardial infarction in 1(1.7%). Coronary stenting was performed in 1 patient(1.7%) for primary lesion, 50 patients(84.7%) for suboptimal results after PTCA, 6 patients(10.2%) for bail-out procedure, and 2 patients(3.4%) for restenotic lesions. All patients were treated with aspirin and ticlopidinc. The follow-up angiograms were obtained at 7±4 months. The overall in-stent restenosis rate was 27.1%. The coronary angiographic findings were 32 single vessel(54.2%), 19 two vessel(32.2%) and 8 three vessel disease(13.6%). The angiographic morphological characteristics were type A in 33(55.9%), type B in 14(23.7%), type C in 12(20. 3%) cases. Variables of 16 patients with restenosis were compared with those of 43 patients without restenosis. Previously known predictors for in-stent restenosis were multiple stenting, stenting for restenotic lesions, residual stenosis after stenting, stenting for total occlusion lesions, reference diameter, balloon to vessel ratio, acute gain and minimal luminal diameter after procedure, design and characteristics of stents, ostial lesion of aorta, high pressure method for stenting, lesion length, diabetes mellitus, size of artheroma, saphenous vein grafts, ulcerlating lesions and calcified lesions. In this study, Reference diameter before stenting(2.43±0.54mm vs. 2.88±0.65mm, p=0.016) and balloon-to-artery ratio(1.28±0.26 vs. 1.11±0.18, p=0.006) were predictors for in-stent restenosis. 1) The overall in-stent restenosis rate was 27.1%. 2) In the analysis of predictors for in-stent restenosis, there was no significant differences in clinical, angiographic factors between group with restenosis and without restenosis. But, Only reference diameter before stenting and balloon-toartery ratio were predictors of late in-stent restenosis. In conclusion, stenting is effective revascularisation method for selected patients with ischemic heart disease, and to minimize in-stent restenosis rate, stent implanting is achieved in a large vessel on the basis of an artery-to-stnet ration of 1:1, if possible.

國際産業財市場에 있어서 購買者와 販賣者關係의 發展過程

田仁秀 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1984 경영연구 Vol.8 No.-

It has frequently been noted that buyer-seller interdependence is a crucial characteristic of industrial marketing. Despite this, the nature of these relationships has, until recently, received scant attention in the literature. Instead, marketing writers have been more concerned with the analysis of the process by which buying firms arrive at individual purchase decisions, and the ways in which the seller can influence this process in its favor. Specially we have no literature about international industrial marketing in Korea. This paper examines the nature of buyer-seller relationships in international industrial markets by considering their development as a process through time. It is based on ideas generated from those: (1) The study of purchasing marketing by Korea Commerce Association, (2) IMP (International Marketing and Purchasing) Project (3) Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Organisational Buying Behavior. The Development of buyer-seller relationships in international industrial markets has 4 stages. That is; (1) The Eary Stage: negotiation of sample delivery, experience(low), uncertainty (higy), distance(high), commitment(actual: low, perceived: low) (2) The Development Stage: contract signed, experience(increased), uncertainty (reduced), distance(reduced), commitment(actual: increased, perceived: informal). (3)The Long-Term Stage: after several major purchases, experience(high), uncertainty(minimum), distance(minimum), commitment(actual: minimum, perceived: reduced). (4) The Final Stage: in long established stable markets, extensive institutionalism. business based on industry codes of practice.

저강도 초음파 및 레이저를 이용한 장관골 불유합의 치료

전인호,오창욱,김성중,경희수,박일형,박병철,인주철,여준영 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 저강도 초음파는 인체 및 동물 실험에서 골조직에 낮은 미세한 물리적 압력을 가하여 골절의 치유에 유리한 영향을 주고, 레이저 (LASER)는 심부 조직에 혈류를 증가시키고, 세포 내 잠재된 에너지를 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 임상적으로 확진된 장관골 붕류합의 치료에 있어 펄스형 저강도 초음파와 레이저를 적용하고 그 효용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 초음파/레이저의 치료 효과를 비교하기 위하여 장관골 불유합으로 확진된 16예 중 8예는 연구군으로 골이식술 후 저강도 초음파와 레이저 치료를 추가하였고 대조군 8예에 대해선 일반적인 골이식술만 시행하여 조사하였다. 남자가 11예, 여자가 5예, 평균 연령은 41.7세 (19~62세)였고, 불유합 부위는 대퇴골이 10예, 경골이 6예였다. 첫 수상으로 인한 골절 후 초음파/레이저 치료까지 시간(골절 연력)은 평균 502일이었다. 결 과: 8예의 연구군에서는 완전 골유합이 6예에서 이루어졌으며 유합까지의 시간은 평균 141일 (101~202일)로 나타난 반면, 8례ㅢ 대조군에서는 5예에서 골유합이 이루어졌고, 유합까지의 시간은 평균 240일 (183~283일)이었다. 결 론: 저강도 초음파/레이져 골절 치료기가 반복된 수술로 인한 난치성 장관골 불유합의 치료에 있어 골이식술과 함께 사용될 경우 긍정적인 효과가 있었고, 특히 최초 가골 형성에 있어 대조군에 비해 그 시간을 줄일 수 있었따. Purpose: Low-intensity, pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has demonstrated a stimulation and acceleration of the normal fracture-repair process in cellular bases as well in animal and human models. In this study, the adjunctive effect of LIPUS and LASER was investigated in established nonunion of the long bones. Materials and Methods: Study group consisted of eight patients to whom conventional bone graft and adjunctive LIPUS and LASER was applied. On the other hands, eight patients in the control group underwent bone graft only. Eleven men and five women were included in this study and the average age of the patients was 41.7 years (range, 19~62 years). Six of the tibias and ten of the femurs met the criteria for established nonunion. The average fracture age, the post-fracture period before the start of LIPUS/LASER treatment, was 502 days. Results: Seven of the ten nonunions who were treated by LIPUS and LASER healed completely in an average treatment time of 141 days (range, 101~202 days) and otherwise, in control group, five of the eight nonunions healed completely, in 240 days (range 183~283 days). Conclusion: This clinical study showed a positive effect of LIPUS and LASER on the rate of osseous repair, especially accelerated time to initial callus cortical bridging compared to that of conventional treatment.

양막을 이용한 자궁내막증 체외 모형에서 탈락 자궁내막 조직의 유착과 침윤에 관한 연구

전종영,강인수,김은수,궁미경,전진현,고경남 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.12

목적 : 본 연구에서는 생리혈 내의 탈락된 자궁내막 조직이 손상되지 않은 양막의 상피 세포층에 어떠한 과정으로 유착하고 침윤하는 가를 밝혀보고자, 배양 기간에 따른 유착 부위의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 연구방법 : 생리 주기 제2일이나 제3일에 자궁으로부터 Wallace catheter를 이용하여 생리혈을 채취하였다. 양막은 만삭분만시의 태반으로부터 채취, 분리하여 사용하였다. 탈락된 자궁내막 조직이 포함되어 있는 생리혈을 준비된 양막 조각의 상피층 위에서 7일 동안 배양하였다. 배양 후 1, 3, 5, 7일에 해부현미경을 이용하여 자궁내막 조직과 양막 상피층의 유착 여부를 관찰하였으며, 유착 부위의 세부구조를 관찰하기 위해 투과전자현미경을 위한 시료 준비과정을 이용하여 조직 절편을 만든 후 염색, 관찰하였다. 결과 : 해부현미경을 이용한 관찰에서 체외 배양 1일 후의 양막에서 유착 부위를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 3일 동안 배양한 시료에서는 자궁내막의 상피세포가 양막의 상피세포와 유착되어 있고 자궁내막 기질세포가 양막의 상피세포 사이를 침범하고 있음이 관찰되었다. 5일 동안 배양된 양막에서는 자궁내막 조직이 양막과 더욱 견고히 유착되어, 자궁내막 상피세포들이 양막의 기저막을 따라 퍼져가고, 자궁내막 기질세포들이 양막의 기질층으로 침윤하는 양상을 보였다. 결론 : 생리혈 내에 존재하는 탈락된 자궁내막 조직은 양막 즉, 다른 종류의 상피층에 유착 및 침윤할 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 그 과정은 상피세포가 먼저 유착되고 기저막이 파괴된 후 다량의 기질세포가 침윤하는 것으로 생각되며, 탈락된 자궁내막 조직의 이러한 특성은 자궁내막증의 병인과 병변 형성에서 중요한 의미를 갖는 것으로 사료된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of adhesion and invasion of shed endometrium obtained from the menstrual fluid in an in-vitro model for endometriosis using amnion. Methods : The menstrual fluid was collected with Wallace catheter from the uterine cavity on the second or third day of the menstrual period. The shed endometrium was obtained from menstrual fluid by centrifugation and was diluted fivefold with Hams F-10 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The human amnion was obtained from the term placenta delivered without any complications. The cell suspension was placed on amniotic epithelial layer (AE). After 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of culture, the adhesion sites of the shed endometrium on AE were observed with a stereomicroscope. The detailed morphology of adhesion site was histologically observed. Results : After 1-day of culture, adhesion sites were detected in stereomicroscopical observation, but we could not find the adhesion sites in the histological sections. On 3-and 5 days of culture, endometrial epithelial cells adhered and invaded to the AE which appears to be intact. The endometrial epithelial cells located outside of the fragment and adhered tightly to the AE at the adhesion site. The endometrial stromal cells mainly located inside were invading into the extracellular matrix (ECM) of amnion. On the other hand, the shed endometrium composed of only stromal cells showed to invade into the ECM of amnion by penetration through the intercellular space of AE. After 7-day of culture, the endometrial epithelial cells spread out along the basement membrane of amnion following detachment of AE, and many endometrial stromal cells invaded into the ECM of amnion at the adhesion site. Conclusion : The shed endometrium in menstrual fluid can adhere and invade to intact AE. We suggest that the process of adhesion and invasion of the shed endometirum to AE occurs by adhesion of the epithelial cells and invasion of the stromal cells. This process may be substantial in pathophysiology of endometriosis.

Spontaneous Pt Deposition on Defective Surfaces of In₂O₃ Nanocrystals Confined within Cavities of Hollow Silica Nanoshells: Pt Catalyst-Modified ITO Electrode with Enhanced ECL Performance

Cho, Young Shin,Kim, Soo Min,Ju, Youngwon,Kim, Junghoon,Jeon, Ki-Wan,Cho, Seung Hwan,Kim, Joohoon,Lee, In Su American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.24

<P>Although the deposition of metallic domains on a preformed semiconductor nanocrystal provides an effective pathway to access diverse hybrid nanocrystals with synergistic In2O3 metal/semiconductor heterojunction interface, those reactions that take place on the surface of semiconductor nanoscrystals have not been investigated thoroughly, because of the impediments caused by the surface-capping organic surfactants. By exploiting the interfacial reactions occurring between the solution and nanoparticles confined with the cavities of hollow nanoparticles, we propose a novel nanospace-confined strategy for assessing the innate reactivity of surfaces of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles. This strategy was adopted to investigate the newly discovered process of spontaneous Pt deposition on In2O3 nanocrystals. Through an in-depth examination involving varying key reaction parameters, the Pt deposition process was identified to be templated by the defective In2O3 surface via a unique redox process involving the oxygen vacancies in the In2O3 lattice, whose density can be controlled by high-temperature annealing. The product of the Pt-deposition reaction inside the hollow silica nanoparticle, bearing In2O3-supported Pt catalysts inside the cavity protected by a porous silica shell, was proved to be an effective nanoreactor system which selectively and sustainably catalyzed the reduction reaction of small-sized aromatic nitro-compounds. Moreover, the surfactant-free and electroless Pt deposition protocol, which was devised based on the surface chemistry of the In2O3 nanoparticles, was successfully employed to fabricate Pt-catalyst-modified ITO electrodes.with enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescece (ECL) performance.</P>