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A Midsummer Night's Dream에 나타난 변신과 initiation 주제 고찰
전윤경 건국대학교 1992 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.35 No.-
This thesis is an analysis about initiation of the characters in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" by William Shakespear through the process-departure, initiationand return-of experience the characters depart from Athens and esperience as a monster figuratively or actually in a forest. Four lovers come to reveal their nature by the play of Puck, and the complications between purity and passion of themselves. Bottom who is transformed to assto-man also fall in love with Titania, Queen of fairy. The characters show various and different reactions through the experiences revealing their animal-like character as it is. While the four lovers wander about as losing their own identities in the confusions and complication, Bottom becomes to be a man of wisdom. As Puck awakens them, they except Bottom do not remember about their experiences. The only person that remembers right and obviously is Bottom. They depart Athens (departure), get something through experience in a forest(initiation) and return to Athens after being awake from a dream (return). Among them, only Bottom reach to the real initiation, and we can find the wisdom of his well by seeing him play the role of Pyramus in the play of Thisby and Pyramus. though they are watching themselves through the play, they wait their future without "consciousness". That is the point the author criticize, the state of "without consciousness", and he tells us that the transformation by true initiation is the only and best way for us to live this mysterious and unknowable world.
金慶哲,全大根,姜倫摸 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術 Vol.12 No.-
Reliability is the probability of a device or system performing its function adequately for the period of time intended, under the operating conditions. Electric power networks are prime examples of systems where a very high degree of reliability is also absolutely essential for some industrial customers. A system consists of a set of components, interconnected in some purposeful way. The reliability of a system depends on the reliability of its components and on the configuration of the system. The basic indices used to examine and predict the performance of a distribution system at a customer load point are the average outage frequency, average outage duration and average unavailability. The case study system is a kind of radial configuration distribution system. This paper shows that a better meshed distribution configuration was selected by comparing the indices obtained from EDSA's reliability worth assessment of distribution systems program.
회맹장 및 대장을 침범한 장 결핵에 있어서 바륨을 이용한 방사선 이중조영촬영 소견에 대한 연구
진용현,전혜정,이용근,강철호,조성범,김윤환,박철민,차상훈,김일영,이혜경 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-
To determine the characteristic double contrast barium enema findings of ileo-cecal and colonic tuberculosis and to make differential diagnosis from other bowel inflammatory disease. Sixty-seven patients confirmed as ileo-cecal and/or colonic-tuberculosis in six hospitals were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis was proven by endoscopic biopsy, surgery, and clinical follow up. Nine of 67 patients were excluded because radiologic findings were normal though endocopic biopsy examinations resulted in tuberculosis. Histopathological diagnosis were madein 58 cases as follows: endoscopic biopsy(n=29), operation(n=12), follow up examination(n=14), tissue culture(n=1), laparoscopic biopsy(n=2). There were 30 men and 28 females. The mean age were 36 yrs(range:16-67), 34 patients were in the second and third decade. The distribution of lesions, morphological characteristics, mucosal changes, ulcer shape and depth, associated with other tuberculous lesion, multiplicity were retrospectively analyzed in the findngs of double contrast barim enema. The commonest clinical symptoms were abdominal pain(n=35, 60%) and diarrhea(n=18, 31%). The chest radiography revealed association of pulmonary tuberculosis in 39 cases. Tuberculous lesions of other organs except chest were present in five cases. Double contrast barium enema findings showed a thickening and irregularity of intestinal mucosal fold(n=29, 50%), bowel contraction and/or shortening(n=26, 45%). There were small, nodular, superficial ulcers in the case of ulcer depth less than 2 mm in the depth. As many as 39 cases(67%) in this series had two or more lesions in the intestinal tuberculosis. The involved segment revealed symmetrical feature(n=21, 36%). Inflammatory pseudopolypoid lesions were noted in 30 cases(52%). The ileo-cecal region was involved in 38 cases(66%). The ascending colon(n=25, 43%) was the second commonest site with or without contiguous cecal involvement. Lesions in terminal ileum, ileo-cecal valve, transverse colon, descending colon and appendix were seen in 19, 18, 18, 12 and seven cases, respectively. Among 18 cases of ileo-cecal valve lesions, there were incompetency in nine cases(16%) and wide gapping in four cases(7%). In 14 cases, tuberculous enterocolitis was diagnosed by clinical follow-up and double contrast barium enema study. 12 out of 14 cases, the findings of double contrast barium enema of tuberculous enterocolitis were normalized after anti-tuberculous medication. However, two cases showed more aggravated state than before due to inappropriate treatment. Double contrast barium enema plays an important role in the diagnosis of tuberculous enterocolitis, determines the type, site and extent of the involvement and helps in treatment guide by using sequential studies.
Alterations of Gene Expression by Beta-tricalcium Phosphate in Osteoblast-like MG63 Cells
Jeon, Jae-Yun,Im, Tae-Yun,Jeon, Seung-Hwan,Hwang, Kyung-Gyun,Park, Chang-Joo Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2011 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.33 No.4
Purpose: Beta-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) is a synthetic calcium phosphate ceramic that has widely been used as a bone material to repair bone defects. Despite many clinical studies, the molecular mechanism whereby this biomaterial alters the gene expression in osteoblasts to promote bone formation is poorly understood. Thus, we attempted to address this question by using microarray techniques to identify the genes that are differentially regulated in osteoblasts exposed to ${\beta}$-TCP. Methods: By using DNA microarrays, we identified several genes whose expression levels were significantly up- or down-regulated in osteoblast-likeMG-63cells cultured with ${\beta}$-TCP at a concentration of 100 mg/10 ml for 24 hours. Results: The differentially expressed genes covered a broad range of functional activities: signal transduction, transcription, cell cycle regulation, vesicular transport, apoptosis, immunity, cytoskeletal elements and cell proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion: The gene expression changes related to cell proliferation and differentiation, vesicle transport, immunity and defense could affect the osteogenic activities of osteoblasts for bone regeneration. However, further studies will be required to verify the relative importance of these genes in bone formation, their temporal and spatial expression patterns and their interactions with each other.
전옥경(Jeon, Ok Kyung),임시은(Yim, Si Eun),정인숙,윤은영(Yun, Eun Young),김미현(Kim, Mi Hyun),박윤선(Park, Yun Sun),이수란(Lee, Su Ran) 대한종양간호학회 2010 Asian Oncology Nursing Vol.10 No.2
Purpose: This survey was aimed to examine the current dietary restrictions practices for neutropenic patients among hospitals with 500 and more beds. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 100 head or charge nurses of oncology or hemato-oncology wards by mail during October 2009, and 51 questionnaires were returned. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS (win version 12.0). Results: Of the hospitals surveyed, 47.1% (n=24) had guidelines on the dietary restrictions, and 80.4% (n=41) placed patients with neutropenia on restricted diets. The major decisional criteria of the dietary restriction was absolute neutrophil count (30.5%) and cooking status (29.2%). The most commonly restricted foods were raw fish or fresh meat (98.0%), uncooked intestine (98.0%), raw eggs (98.0%), draught beer (96.1%), and fresh fruits or vegetables (86.3%). Conclusion: The results showed variation in pattern of dietary restrictions and lower rate of guideline among hospitals, so that the need for the standard dietary restriction guideline is high. However, the role of diet in the development of infection in neutropenic patients is still unclear, which makes it difficult to establish dietary restriction guideline. Therefore, additional research are required to identify the relationship between dietary factors and infections. 본 연구는 의료기관별 호중구감소환자를 위한 식이제한 실태를 파악하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구결과 대부분의 기관에서호중구감소환자식이를 적용하였으며, 조리되지 않은 식품에대해 낮은 허용률을 보였다. 그러나 식이제한적용 및 해제 시기, 식이제한/섭취 허용기준, 식품군별 제한여부 등에서 차이가 있었으며, 지침을 가지고 있는 경우도 반이하로 낮은 수준이었다. 식이제한지침이 다양하고 일관성이 없는 경우 환자나 간호사에게 혼돈이 될 수 있으며, 부적절한 식이제한으로 환자에게 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있어 표준화된 식이제한지침에 대한개발요구는 높다. 그러나, 아직 식이제한과 감염발생과의 관계가 명확하지 않아 표준화된 식이제한지침개발에 어려움이 있음을 감안하여, 관련 연구가 좀 더 활발히 진행되어야 할 것이다