중환자에서 동맥혈 가스분석 횟수와 그로인한 실혈량에 대한 연구

이석열,전철우,정영수,오희숙,마분란,이정미,정혜영,이만복,이길노 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Arterial blood gas analysis is the most comon exam in intensive care unit. In this study, the frequency of blood gas analysis and the amount of blood loss after Blood Gas Analysis in Intensive Care Unit were observed. Methods : From November 1999 to February 2000, 115 patients admitted to intensive care unit at Soonchunhyang university Kumi hospital were studied prospectively for the frequency of blood gas analysis and the amount of blood loss after blood gas analysis in Intensive Care Unit. Results : The mean value of frequency of blood gas analysis was 6.41±6.49 and the mean value of amount of blood loss after blood gas analysis was 0.78ml. This was lower than that of other foreign reports. The patients with ventilator therapy above 24 hours showed higher frequency of blood gas analysis than that of not applied ventilator patients. Pulse oxymetry was applied to all patients and the frequency of blood gas analysis was decreased due to the use of strict pulse oxymetry. Conclusion : Doctors and nurses in intensive care unit keep in mind that adequate blood sampling is needed for the decrease of blood loss. Education and protocol for the decrease of blood loss after arterial blood gas analysis may be necessary.

배양상태의 흰쥐 뇌하수체 앞엽에서 Neuropeptide Y 함유세포에 관한 면역조직화학적연구

이화영,김순회,이희래,어환,이왕재,백상호,이병란 대한해부학회 1996 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.29 No.3

전남지역 학교급식의 위생관리 실태

고무석,정난희,이전옥 한국가정과학회 2004 한국가정과학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This study analyzed the effects of nutrition technicians' hygiene education on cooking workers' performance of hygiene management in order to ensure the security of school meals. The situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools was elementary school(51.1%) and middle school(48.9%) and the type of meals was rural area type(54.2%), urban type(36.5%), and island and isolated area type(9.3%). The methods of meals management were single cooking(88.2%) and joint cooking and management(11.8%). The type of distributing meals was distributing in a dining room(93.5%), in a classroom(3.7%), and in both dining room and classroom(2.8%). Nutrition technicians' employment form included regular(53.5%) and daily(88.2%). Their education was junior college graduate(50.2%), university graduate(44.8%), and graduate school students(5.0%). Cooking workers' employment form included daily(88.2%) and regular(11.1%), suggesting that most were regular. Most cooking workers(77.4%) had at least high school certificate. Regarding the situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools, the number of student per one cooking worker was found as 91-120(37.2%), 61-90(22.6%), 60 and under(21.1%), 121-150(16.7%), and 151 and over(2.5%). Cooking workers' level of performance of hygiene management was post-working stage(66.37/75 marks), pre-working stage(64.22/75 marks), and working stage(20.34/25 marks). The counting of meals articles in a pre-working stage(20.34/25 marks), temperature and required time in a working stage(18.78/25 marks), and machinery equipment and hygiene in a pre-working stage(21.40/25 marks) showed lowest of performance, which suggest poor service of hygiene. Cooking workers' performance of hygiene management by working stage showed the significant difference with school class(p<.001), type of schools with meals(p<.05), state of cooking workers' employment(p<.001), and cooking worker's disposition(p<.05). A working stage showed the significant difference with type of schools with meals(p<.05). A post-working stage showed the significant difference according to type of schools with meals(p<.05), and the methods of meals management(p<.05), and cooking workers' disposition(p<.05). In the execution of hygiene education, individual hygiene was highest(94.8%), followed by the management of machinery equipment and tools(89.7%), food poisoning and microorganism(94.7%), and the method of food treatment(76.4%). A yearly plan of hygiene education included established(83.9%) and not established(16.1%). Regular education included not executed(25.1%), 2~3 times a month(16.1%), and more than 4 a month(4.0%) and occasional education was not executed(57.0%), 1-3 times a month(26.3%), and more than 4 a month(15.7%). In the methods for hygiene education, oral education(95.7%) was used most, followed by demonstration(10.5%), poster/photo(10.5%), video/slide(3.7%), and computer(3.7%). Frequency of improvement and complement of hygiene education included once a month(56.3%), once a year(20.7%), by quarter(11.5%), and every six months(11.5%). Newspaper was used most in materials of hygiene education, followed by internet, TV, nutrition technician's reeducation, information exchange between members, educational office's training, and reference book, and educational office's material, and symposium. Cooking workers' assessment of the effect of hygiene education was conducted through observation(56.8%), check table(15.2%), question(14.0%), and examination(14.0%). The reason of cooking workers' low level of performance included habitual custom(53.9%), lack of understanding(20.4%), overwork(14.6%), and lack of knowledge(11.1%) and the reason of difficulty in hygiene education included lack of time(55.3%), lack of understanding(27.6%), lack of knowledge and information(8.7%), and lack of budget(48.0%).

Activation of Glucosidase via Stress-Induced Polymerization Rapidly Increases Active Pools of Abscisic Acid

Lee, Kwang Hee,Piao, Hai Lan,Kim, Ho-Youn,Choi, Sang Mi,Jiang, Fan,Hartung, Wolfram,Hwang, Ildoo,Kwak, June M.,Lee, In-Jung,Hwang, Inhwan Elsevier 2006 Cell Vol.126 No.6

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone critical for plant growth, development, and adaptation to various stress conditions. Plants have to adjust ABA levels constantly to respond to changing physiological and environmental conditions. To date, the mechanisms for fine-tuning ABA levels remain elusive. Here we report that AtBG1, a β-glucosidase, hydrolyzes glucose-conjugated, biologically inactive ABA to produce active ABA. Loss of AtBG1 causes defective stomatal movement, early germination, abiotic stress-sensitive phenotypes, and lower ABA levels, whereas plants with ectopic AtBG1 accumulate higher ABA levels and display enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. Dehydration rapidly induces polymerization of AtBG1, resulting in a 4-fold increase in enzymatic activity. Furthermore, diurnal increases in ABA levels are attributable to polymerization-mediated AtBG1 activation. We propose that the activation of inactive ABA pools by polymerized AtBG1 is a mechanism by which plants rapidly adjust ABA levels and respond to changing environmental cues.</P>

[P10-129] Garlic Increased UCPs mRNA Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Lan Hee Lee,Mak Soon Lee,Ji Hye Lee,Yangha Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2006 No.10

Improvement of Porcine SCNT Embryo Development Using Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

Lee, Jin-Hee,Chun, Ju Lan,Lee, Ji Hye,Kim, Keun Jung,Kim, Eun Young,Han, Kil-Woo,Gotoh, Takafumi,Kim, Min Kyu FACULTY OF AGRIC PUBLICATIONS-KYUSHU UNIV 2016 Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu Univ Vol.61 No.1

<P>Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been used in crucial and potential fields of the animal reproduction. Despite the successful birth of cloned animals, the cloning efficiency of SCNT has been still low. Abnormal epigenetic reprogramming has been reported as the cause of the low efficiency of SCNT in cloned embryos. Here, the study aimed to improve the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos using Trichostatin A (TSA) and Scriptaid which are well known as histone deacetylase inhibitors that would enhance epigenetic reprograming in cloned embryos by suppressing the event of histone deacetylation. Moreover, this study tested whether Scriptaid would be a substitute for TSA because it has been suggested that TSA is involved in malformation of cloned embryos. Various concentrations of Scriptaid were tested and 500 nM Scriptaid treatment resulted in a significant improvement of the cloned embryo during development regarding the blastocyst formation rates. When cloned embryos were treated with 50 nM TSA or/and 500 nM Scriptaid for 15 h or 24 h, the blastocyst rates of reconstructed embryos were increased in comparison to the untreated control group. However, there was no dose dependent difference among groups. When donor cells were treated with 50 nM TSA or/and 500 nM Scriptaid for 4 h the blastocyst rates of reconstructed embryos were increased in comparison with the untreated control group. Moreover the expression levels of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) were decreased with TSA and/or Scriptaid treatment. In conclusion, TSA and/or Scriptaid treatments significantly increased the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos. In addition, Scriptaid improved the development of SCNT embryos regardless of the TSA treatment. Therefore, Scriptaid would be an alternative additive to improve the development competence of cloned embryos after SCNT.</P>

DNA Damage Response-Related Proteins in Gastric Cancer: ATM, Chk2 and p53 Expression and Their Prognostic Value

Lee, Hee Eun,Han, Nayoung,Kim, Min A,Lee, Hye Seung,Yang, Han-Kwang,Lee, Byung Lan,Kim, Woo Ho S. Karger AG 2013 Pathobiology Vol.81 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Objectives:</I></B> The aims of this study were to assess expressions of the DNA damage response (DDR)-related proteins and to investigate their clinical significances in gastric carcinoma. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Two independent cohorts, a training set (n = 524) and validation set (n = 394), of gastric cancer patients were enrolled. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), and p53 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray. <B><I>Results:</I></B> ATM loss, Chk2 loss, and p53 positivity were observed in 21.8, 14.1, and 36.1% of the training set, and in 17.3, 12.2, and 35.8% of the validation set, respectively. In the training set, the aberrant expressions of ATM, Chk2, or p53 were significantly associated with an advanced TNM stage and poor disease-specific survival. This association was verified in the validation set. Chk2 positivity and p53 negativity were significantly related to a prolonged disease-specific survival. Also, patients with nonaberrant expressional levels of all 3 DDR-related proteins had a more favorable outcome than others. Multivariate analyses showed that Chk2 loss and at least 1 aberrant DDR-related protein remained as independent prognostic factors of poor disease-specific survival. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> This study elucidated the prognostic implications of DDR-related proteins, and suggests that their aberrant expressions play critical roles in the development and progression of gastric cancer.</P><P>Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS 1370 ON THE FORMATION OF DENTAL PLAQUE IN CHILDREN

Lee, Lan-Young,Lee, Chang-Seop,Lee, Kwang-Hee,Oh, Jong-Suk,Lee, Sang-Ho 大韓小兒齒科學會 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

치태 억제효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 Lactococcus lactis 1370으로 제조한 양치용액이 실제 소아들의 구강내에서 치태의 형성을 억제하는지 여부와 이들 균주의 시간경과에 따른 구강내 잔류율을 알아보고자 소아 30명을 대상으로 위양치액(Lactobacillus casei)과 유산균 양치액(Lactococcus lactis 1370)으로 양치하도록 한 뒤 시간경과에 따른 치태지수, 치태부착면적율, 그리고 Lactococcus lactis 1370의 생균수를 count하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대조군과 실험군에서 24시간후 치태지수는 각각 평균 2.43과 2.06으로 양치에 의해 치태지수는 평균 0.37 감소하였으며 치태형성억제율은 약 15%로 유의한 감소를 보였다 (P<0.05). 2. 48시간 후 치태지수는 대조군과 실험군에서 각각 평균 2.95와 2.17로 양치에 의해 치태지수는 평균 0.78 감소하였으며 치태형성억제율은 약 26%로 24시간후에 비해 좀더 많은 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 3. 대조군과 실험군에서 24시간후 치태부착면적율은 각각 평균 21.2%와 15.6%로 양치에 의해 치태부착면적율은 평균 5.63% 감소하였으며 치태형성억제율은 약 26%로 유의한 감소를 보였다.(P<0.05). 4. 48시간후 치태부착면적율은 대조군과 실험군에서 각각 평균 33%와 17.8%로 양치에 의해 치태부착면적율은 평균 15.1% 감소하였으며 치태형성억제율은 약 46%로 24시간 후에 비해 좀 더 많은 감소를 보였다.(P<0.05). 5. 양치후 시간에 따른 구강내 생균수를 count한 결과 1시간 이후까지는 급격한 감소를, 3시간 후에는 약간의 감소를 보였으며 3시간부터 6시간 사이에는 약간의 증가추세를 보였다. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical effect of inhibiting plaque formation of Lactococcus lactis 1370, a acid producing bacterium residing in the mouth. 30 children were asked to use 10ml of control mouthwash and mouthwash containing Lactococcus lactis 1370. The plaque index and plaque area rate at 24h and 48h after the use of the mouthwashes were measured. And the number of Lactococcus lactis 1370 was counted at 1h, 3h, and 6h in the mouth. The results are as follow. 1. The mean plaque index at 24h after the use of the control mouthwash and the mouthwash containing Lactococcus lactis 1370 were 2.43 and 2.06, respectively. The inhibiting rate of plaque formation was 15%(P<0.05). 2. The mean plaque index at 48h after the use of the control mouthwash and the mouthwash containing Lactococcus lactis 1370 were 2.95 and 2.17, respectively. The inhibiting rate of plaque formation was 26%, showing more decrease than at 24h(P<0.05). 3. The mean plaque area rate at 24h after the use of the control mouthwash and the mouthwash containing Lactococcus lactis 1370 were 21.2% and 15.6%, respectively. The inhibiting rate of plaque formation was 26%(P<0.05). 4. The mean plaque area rate at 48h after the use of the control mouthwash and the mouthwash containing Lactococcus lactis 1370 were 33.0% and 17.8%, respectively. The inhibiting rate of plaque formation was 46%(P<0.05). 5. The number of Lactococcus lactis 1370 in the mouth decreased significantly from mouthwashing to 3h, but increased slightly between 3h and 6h. As seen with the above results, we think that using the mouth wash with Lactococcus lactis 1370 would prevent the formation of plaque in the mouth and can be an effective method to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease.

Depression as a Mediator of Chronic Fatigue and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Survivors

So Hee Lee,Hyoung-Shik Shin,Hye Yoon Park,Jeong Lan Kim,Jung Jae Lee,Haewoo Lee,Sung-Doo Won,Woori Han 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.1

Objective : The relationship among chronic fatigue, depressive symptoms, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) among Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) survivors is poorly understood. Methods : Of 148 survivors who consented to be registered and underwent assessments at 12 months (T1) and 18 months (T2) after the MERS outbreak, 72 (48.65%) were evaluated for chronic fatigue, depressive symptoms, and PTSSs based on the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data from 52 subjects, who completed both assessments, were analyzed using a regression-based serial multiple mediation model (PROCESS Model 6). Results : Bootstrap analyses indicated no direct effects of T1 FSS on T2 IES-R but significant positive indirect effects of T1 FSS on T2 IESR through T1 PHQ-9 and T2 PHQ-9 (B=2.1601, SE=1.3268, 95% confidence interval=0.4250–6.1307). In other words, both T1 PHQ-9 and T2 PHQ-9 fully mediated the relationship between T1 FSS and T2 IES. Conclusion : Chronic fatigue 12 months after MERS had indirect effects on prolonged PTSSs 18 months after MERS via persisting depression in MERS survivors. This finding supports the need to promote interventional programs for emerging infectious disease survivors with chronic fatigue to reduce depression and prevent prolonged PTSSs.

원외처방전 검토시 발생한 문의처방 분석

허란희,이주연,임영근,조윤숙,이지영,이영희,정성훈,박종윤,소원희,진보영,한현주,이병구,손인자 한국병원약사회 2002 병원약사회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hospital pharmacist's double-check task of outpatient prescription since separation of dispensary from medical practice carried out, which is being shifted to pharmacists out of hospital gradually. We analyzed 2,613 conference call on prescription out of one-year 488,481 outpatient prescription made in SNUH(Seoul National University Hospital). And it is classified and analyzed by month, by department and by conference call item. This study can provide useful information for doctors and pharmacists. Consequently, the doctors can avoid prescription errors. And the pharmacists can promote the capacity of double-checking prescriptions.