潘天壽의 精神形式的 新繪畵觀

정숙모(鄭淑謨) 한국서예학회 2011 서예학연구 Vol.19 No.-

潘天壽가 활동하였던 시기는 극심한 정치사회적 혼란으로 미술계도 전통의 계승과 서양화의 수용 사이에서 갈등이 매우 심하였다. 따라서 潘天壽의 회화사상은 전통회화의 계승시기, 중일전쟁 기간의 사회참여, 사회주의 정권 초기의 전성기, 문화대혁명 기간 동안 심한 탄압 등 큰 변화를 겪었으며, 그의 회화관도 전통주의적 회화관, 서양화에 대한 인식의 변화 그리고 사회주의적 회화관 등 다양하게 전개되었다. 특히 서양화의 영향으로 전통회화의 존재가치가 약화되는 상황에서 潘天壽는 서양화의 寫實性을 수용하기보다는 전통중국화 내부에 잠재된 장점을 현대적 미감으로 승화시켜 시대정신을 발양하고자 하였고 끊임없는 자기갱신을 통해 개성이 강한 독특한 회화풍격을 구축하였다. 潘天壽의 精神形式的 新繪畵觀은 이러한 창작태도나 경험과 밀접하게 연관되어 형성되었는데 특히 서양화의 영향으로 현대화가 급속히 진행되는 가운데 전통의 중요성을 재인식하게 하였다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다. 潘天壽는 회화를 화가의 思想意識의 산물이며 회화의 생명은 시대정신의 발양에 있음을 강조하였고, 학화과정에는 古人之理法과 自然之理法을 이해해야하지만 창작의 단계에서는 이들 이법에서 벗어나 中得心源의 眞畵的 繪畵를 추구할 것을 강조 하였다. 이 과정에서 전통적으로 화가들이 최고의 이법으로 삼았던 ‘師造化’, ‘師自然’의 의미를 단순히 ‘자연의 형상을 모방하는’ 것으로 이해함으로써 전통화론과 매우 다르게 해석하였는데 이는 ‘師自然’의 의미를 서양화의 사생개념으로 보았기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 진정한 창작은 自然을 모방하는 ‘師造化’, ‘師自然’의 단계를 벗어나 ‘心源’의 회화를 추구하는 것이라는 脫傳統의 새로운 패러다임을 제시하였다. 潘天壽의 形神論은 重神似的 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 그는 形과 神을 手段과 目的의 관계로 보고, 形神兼備의 以形寫神을 강조하면서도 궁극적으로는 神似志向的 似與 不似之間을 주장하여 정신의 似와 속된 형상의 不似를 강조하는 重神似的 회화관을 보여주었다. 畵如其人的 神采論은 그의 유가적 심미의식을 엿보게 한다. 借物寫心論, 畵品卽人品論 그리고 讀書⋅修養⋅繪畵의 三位合一로 道德的 修養을 쌓아 내면을 강화할 것을 강조함으로써 儒家的 審美意識을 드러냈다. 결국 潘天壽는 20세기 중국화가 현대화되는 과정에 절대적인 영향을 주었던 서양화의 사실성을 맹목적으로 수용하지 않았으며 중국화의 발전에 필요한 요소만 선택적으로 수용하였다. 그것은 중국화의 전통에 대한 강한 신뢰와 민족에 대한 자긍심이 크게 작용했기 때문이었다. 따라서 시대정신의 발양을 중국화 내부의 장점들을 찾아 현대적 미감으로 발현하였는데 이러한 창작태도는 그의 정신형식적 회화관에 바탕을 둔 것이라 하겠다. 潘天壽主要活动於全中国政治社会混乱极深的时期,當时美术界也处於传统继承和西洋画受容这 一歧路,矛盾加深。因此潘天壽的绘画创作也面临着最初的继承传统绘画的时期、要积极参與社会的抗日战争时期、社会主义初期的全盛期、深受压迫的文化大革命时期等發生极大的变化, 他的绘画观 念也有不少变化,由传统主义的绘画观逐渐展示出对西洋绘画的认识变化,再转变为社会主义绘画观。尤其是,在因西洋画影响之大,传统绘画存在价值日益恶化的情况下,潘天壽并不追求西洋画的 寫實性,却要将中国画内面的长处升化为现代美感,以发扬时代精神,并通过不断的自己更新來构造出有独创性的绘画风格。这是與他的新繪畵觀有密切关系,兼展示出他的绘画观,就是处于西洋画影响深大的时期,不仅重视外面的表现形式,同时更重视传统中国画所重视的精神因素。 本文就潘天壽的新绘画观,以精神形式为主考察。 主要内容如下。 其一是他中得心源的繪畵認識。他强调绘画是画家的思想意識的产物,绘画的生命就在於时代精 神的发扬,并强调要除去在传统上画家所追求的古人之理法和自然之理法,追求中得心源的眞畵,在此过程上他将‘師造化’、‘師自然’解释为模拟自然形象,这是與效自然之理法的传统概念迥然不同。由此他提示出新的脫傳統模式,即要真正創新,先要脱出模拟自然的传统模式。其次是重神似的形神論。他将以形和神视为手段和目的,强调以形寫神的形神兼備,最终主张神似志向的似與不似之間, 这是强调精神上的似和形象上的不似的重神似绘画观。再次是畵如其人的神采論。 他主张借物寫心論和畵品卽人品論,并强调要通过讀書、修養、繪畵三位合一的道德修養强化畵家精神思想,这是與绘 画就透照画家人品、思想、感情的传统认识一致,可知潘天壽新繪畵觀是基於儒家美學。 总之,潘天壽重精神形式的新繪畵觀,是在通过西洋画的寫實性和绘画表现形式的改革来进行中国画变革的时候,却强调传统中国画所追求的内面因素即精神性。潘天壽坚持重人格的价值观,卽认艺术为艺术家思想意識的産物,随艺术家學識、修養、人格就能决定出作品的氣韻、意境、格調。他坚持重人格的价值观的同时, 还视绘画为‘心源之文’,强调藝術一定要反映艺术家的思想感情。

광주지역 어린이놀이터 토양오염 실태 조사연구

정숙경,송형명,윤상훈,이재철,김연희,백계진,박종태,김동수 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2009 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.26 No.2

글쓰기 능력 향상을 위한 수업모형에 관한 연구

정숙경 동아대학교 교육대학원 1998 동아교육논총 Vol.24 No.-

글쓰기는 개인의 생각을 표현하는 방식으로서 그리고 문제해결을 위한 사고기능으로서 중요한 기초기능임에도 불구하고 이를 향상시키기 위한 효과적인 수업모형이 제시되지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에는 글쓰기의 심리적 과정이 어떠한지를 밝히고 글쓰기 향상을 위한 수업모형을 구성하는데 목적을 두었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저 관련 이론 및 선행연구를 고찰하여 글쓰기에 관여되는 심리적 과정이 어떠한지를 밝혔다. 다음으로 글쓰기에 숙련된 사람과 미숙한 사람의 특성이 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 규명하고 이를 근거로 글쓰기능력 향상을 위한 수업모형을 구성시켰다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 글쓰기 과정은 계획, 글로 쓰기, 검토의 세 단계로 구분할 수 있다. 계획단계는 글을 쓰는 목표가 무엇인지, 어떤 아이디어를 어떻게 제시할 것인지를 계획하는 단계를 말한다. 글로 쓰는 단계는 계획단계에서 정신적으로 표상된 내용을 실제 글로 옮기는 단계를 말한다. 검토단계는 쓰여진 글을 평가하고 수정하는 단계를 말한다. 둘째, 글쓰기에 숙련된 사람은 전체구조나 의미전달에 중점을 두고 풍부한 아이디어를 생성해내며, 응집성 있고 일관성 있게 조직하면서 글을 쓰고, 쓰여진 글의 문제점을 잘 인식하고 의미관련 수정을 더 잘하는 경향이 있다. 이에 반해 글쓰기에 미숙한 사람은 글의 기술적 오류를 회피하는 데 중점을 두고 아이디어가 빈약하며 응집성과 일관성이 부족한 글을 쓰고, 쓰여진 글의 문제점을 잘 인식하지 못하고 기술적 문제점에 한정하여 수정하는 경향이 있다. 세째, 글쓰기 능력 향상을 위한 수업모형의 주요요인에는 주제에 관한 서술적 지식의 확대, 글의 기술적 측면에 대한 통제력 증대, 아이디어 생성 및 글의 응집성과 일관성 확립 촉진, 글의 문제점 인식 및 수정에 대한 촉진 등이 포함되었다. Although writing is an important basic skill not only as a way to express one's ideas but also as a way of thinking to solve problems, the teaching of writhing has been a neglected area on account of the absence of an instructional model based on psychological processes of writing. This study attempted to survey the literature and research concerning writing skill, to compare the characteristics of skilled and less skilled writers, and to present an effective instructional model for writing. The conclusion derived from this study are as follows: 1.Writing is a comprehensive process composed of 3 subprocesses. Planning contains setting goals, generating ideas and orgaizing ideas. Translation involves the actual generation of written products. Reviewing consists of evaluating what has been written and remediating unsatisfactory parts of the written products. 2.Skilled writers are more likely to focus on the goal of communicating meaning, to generate more ideaes, and to have greater mastery over organizational devices, whereas less skilled writers focus on avoiding mechanical errors, generate less ideas, and have difficulties to establish cohesion and coherence. During traslation skilled writers are thinking about cohesion and communicating, while less skilled writers are thinking about spelling, grammar and punctuation. In reviewing skilled writers are more likely to recognize problems on their written products and know how to remediate these problemas, whereas less skilled writers are unlikely to either recognize or remediate problems on their writtin products. 3.An instructioal model for improving writing abiliy could be composed of components derived from the characteristics of less skilled writers. The model presented in this study consists of four components: the expansion of declarative knowledge, mastery over mechanics of written material, facilitation of generating ideas and establishing cohesion and coherence, and the provision of cues for recognizing and remediating problems on written products.

중증급성호흡기증후군

정숙인 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2004 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.29 No.2

2017년 C형간염 치료 업데이트

정숙향 대한내과학회 2017 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2017 No.2

F-35 Mycobacterial Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in Extrapulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infection

정숙현,김수영,허희재,기창석,이남용,강철인,정두련,백경란,신성재,고원중 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2016 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.121 No.-

Differentiation between Mycobacterium abscessus and M.massiliense and determination of macrolide susceptibility are crucial for management of patients with M.abscessus complex(MABC) infection. Unlike pulmonary MABC infection, little information on extrapulmonary MABC infection is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate proportion of M.massiliense among extrapulmonary MABC infections and that of C28 sequevar among extrapulmonary M.abscessus infections. We performed molecular identification of clinical isolates of MABC and assessed clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 23 patients with extrapulmonary MABC infection. The etiologic organism was M.abscessus in 11(48%) patients and M.massiliense in 12(52%). 8(73%) M.abscessus isolates that had inducible resistance to clarithromycin(CLR) harbored intact erm(41) gene and were of T28 sequevar, while 3(27%) M.abscessus isolates were of C28 sequevar and were susceptible to CLR. All M.massiliense isolates had deleted erm(41) and were susceptible to CLR. Of 21 patients who were available for analysis of treatment outcome, 18(86%) showed favorable outcome. The proportion of M.massiliense was higher than that of M.abscessus in patients with a favorable outcome(100% vs70%, P=0.090). All 3 patients with unfavorable outcome were infected with M.abscessus isolates that had intact erm(41). Both subspecies with nonfunctional erm(41) were associated with favorable outcome(P=0.042). Precise subspecies identification and determination of macrolide susceptibility are important for treatment of extrapulmonary MABC infection.

Job Satisfaction of Industrial Women Specializing in STEM in The Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Region

정숙현,박성미 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.2

A survey was conducted on 300 working women(one woman/company) who specialize in STEM(Science, Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) in the Busan region(south of Korea) to determine their job satisfaction. The overall responseof women working in industry is relatively positive although they do experience a certain limit as female workers. Theserious difficulties are long work hours and restriction of behavior in consequence of being the minority. Respondents anticipate an increase in number of working women in the STEM field due to the enforcement of women resource policies in Korea. Survey results about career development show that some of the most important factors in professionalism areresponsibility, gumption and cooperation. The expectation of promotion is very low. Sexual discrimination is distinctly appearing in wages and promotions. If they decide to quit their job in the midstream, the key reason is in the difficultiesof compatibility between home and occupation. Survey results about job satisfaction to work in industry reveal that 31.0%of respondents are satisfied because their job is consistent with their specialty; 30.7% of respondents are working wherethey wanted. Among respondents who intend to change their job, only 20.7% of respondents wanted to keep their specialties. Two factors involved in the respondents’ satisfaction during work are special technical achievement and practicalapplication of their knowledge. But, they are unsatisfied in terms of implementing their leadership.

심평원 빅데이터를 이용한 희귀난치성간질환 임상연구 경험

정숙향 ( Sook-hyang Jeong ) 대한간학회 2016 임상연구방법론워크숍 Vol.2016 No.1

As rare liver diseases, only a few population-based epidemiology studies of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) or Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) have been reported. The nationwide Health Insurance Review and Assessment Sevice claims data and Rare Intractable Disease registration data on PBC and BCS, identified with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) code of K74.3 or I82.0, respectively, we identified all patients with PBC or BCS, and the age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence of both diseases were separately calculated with analysis of complications and direct medical costs. These are the first population-based studies on the epidemiology and disease burden of PBC and BCS in South Korea.

박죽서의 시 세계 연구

정숙인 한국문화융합학회 2018 문화와 융합 Vol.40 No.7

During the Joseon dynasty, when a rigid class system was in operation, education was only available to sadaebus. Park Jook-Seo, though born an illegitimate child, grasped an opportunity for education in an unusually egalitarian household, and thrived acaedmically by means of her own intelligence. Born illegitimate, living as a concubine for thirty years, Jook-Seo left 166 works of Sino-Korean poetry. The 166 pieces of poetry were collected and published as 『Jukseojip』 by her husband's relative Seo Don-Bo, and from the preface and the poetry in this book, it shows that Jook-Seo was acknowledged by her male peers. The most distinct theme of Park Jook-Seo’s Sino-Korean poetry is longing. As she moved to Hanyang and Kangseohyeon, following her husband’s posts, her longing for her hometown Wonju, her siblings, and friends is expressed in a simple yet honest manner. Even though her feminine style expresses longing in an earnest and desperate manner, it shows restraint, rather than being consumed by grief. The Confucian self-reflection and the self-sufficient modus vivendi, commonly found in the poetry of sadaebus, can also be found in the Jook-Seo’s poetry. The desire to create Sino-Korean poetry is also a prominent theme. In many poems, Jook-Seo expresses the difficulties she faces in writing poetry, along with the desire to create better works of art, and a deep longing for a friend to share her poetic vision with. It seems that to Jook-Seo, poetry was a confirmation of her own existence. This is what made her participation in the Samhojeong poetry circle possible, the first female poetry circle of the 19th century. Jook-seo’s poetry is meaningful in that she, through her feminine style of writing, brought fruition to her poetic vision in a simple yet earnest manner, despite her class, and in that she shows how the literary figures in the late Joseon dynasty were diversifying.

The First Korean Adult Case of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 7 with Novel USP53 Splicing Variants by Next Generation Sequencing

정숙향,안수민,최종기 연세대학교의과대학 2023 Yonsei medical journal Vol.64 No.12

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects in biliary epithelial trans porters. It mostly presents as low γ-glutamyltransferase cholestasis. Recently, USP53 has been identified as one of the novel genes associated with PFIC. Herein, we report a 21-year-old Korean male patient with a late-onset PFIC. Initial work-up, including whole genome sequencing, did not find any associated gene. However, reviewing sequencing data identified novel compound heterozy gous variants in splicing site of USP53 (NM_001371395.1:c.972+3_972+6del, and c.973-1G>A). The patient’s bilirubin level fluctuat ed during the disease course. At 4.5 years after the initial presentation, the patient’s symptom and high bilirubin level were normal ized after administration of high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid. Recognition of this disease entity is important for prompt diagnosis and management. USP53 is recommended for the work-up of low γ-glutamyltransferase cholestasis.