Analysis and evaluation of morphological and molecular polymorphism in the hybridization of Elaeagnus ×maritima and E. ×submacrophylla

장영종,손동찬,이강협,이정현,박범균 한국식물분류학회 2023 식물 분류학회지 Vol.53 No.2

The taxonomic identity of Elaeagnus ×maritima and E. ×submacrophylla (Elaeagnaceae) in Korea is unclear, yet they are presumed to be hybrid taxa based on their morphology. To determine their hybrid origins, a morphological analysis (field surveys and specimen examinations) and a molecular analysis involving two nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) regions (internal transcribed spacer and 5S non-transcribed spacer) and one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region (matK) were conducted. The morphological analysis revealed that E. ×maritima showed certain morphological similarities to E. glabra, whereas E. ×submacrophylla showed certain morphological similarities to E. pungens. However, the molecular analysis indicated that E. ×maritima exhibited additive species-specific sites of E. glabra and E. macrophylla in the nrDNA regions. Notably, E. ×submacrophylla showed various aspects, with some individuals exhibiting additive species-specific sites of E. pungens and E. macrophylla in the nrDNA and E. macrophylla sequences in the cpDNA regions, some individuals exhibiting E. macrophylla sequences in the nrDNA and E. pungens sequences in the cpDNA regions, and some individuals displaying E. macrophylla sequences in both the nrDNA and cpDNA regions, despite an intermediate morphology between E. pungens and E. macrophylla. These results indicate that these two species are of hybrid origin and frequently cross between parental and hybrid individuals.

Morphological and molecular evidence of the hybrid origin of Crepidiastrum ×muratagenii in Korea

장영종,박범균,손동찬,최병희 한국식물분류학회 2022 식물 분류학회지 Vol.52 No.2

The plant “Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi” has been considered as Crepidiastrum × muratagenii, a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum, based on its morphological traits and geographical distribution. To reveal the hybrid origin of Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi, we examined additional morphological traits of this plant and its putative parents (C. denticulatum, C. lanceolatum, C. platyphyllum) and analyzed one nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and four chloroplast regions (trnT-L, trnL-F, rpl16 intron, and rps16 intron). As a result of examining the morphological traits, putative hybrid individuals were classified into three types based on the habit, cauline leaf, outer phyllary, and achene beak traits. A molecular analysis found that the ITS sequences of Type 1 and Type 2 individuals showed additive species-specific sites of C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum. Plastid sequences of Type 1 and Type 2 individuals showed C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum sequences, respectively. However, Type 3 individuals had ITS and plastid sequences corresponding to C. denticulatum. Accordingly, Type 1 and Type 2 individuals not only share morphological traits with C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum but also show additive species-specific sites for C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum, and not C. platyphyllum, supporting its origin as a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum. Type 3 had morphological traits similar to other hybrid types but was distinguished with respect to outer phyllaries and demonstrated some resemblance to C. denticulatum. In a molecular analysis, Type 3 was found to be identical with regard to the sequence of C. denticulatum and was judged to be an ecological variation of C. denticulatum.

비금・도초도의 식물상

장영종,정수영,강은수,이강협,이정심,손동찬 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.5

Abstract - We investigated vascular plants of Bigeumdo and Dochodo Island in Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. By referring to 4 field surveys between June and September in 2021, a total of 490 taxa were identified and grouped into 113 families, 332 genera, 452 species, 6 subspecies, 27 varieties, and 3 forms. Among those observed, 232 taxa comprising 84 families, 189 genera, 220 species, 4 subspecies, 8 varieties, 4 forms were observed in Bigeumdo, 428 taxa comprising 107 families, 305 genera, 397 species, 5 subspecies, 23 varieties and 3 forms were observed in Dochodo. Among them, 7 taxa were Korean endemic plants. Protected species designated by the Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa of level II. In terms of threated plants according to the IUCN Red List Categoty, there were 5 taxa, consisting of 1 endangered species (EN), 3 vulnerable species (VU), 1 Near Threatened (NT). In total, there are 36 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants, including 1 level V taxa, 5 level IV taxa, 28 level III taxa. In Korea, 3 taxa were the northern distributional limit to Bigeumdo and Dochodo. Alien plants were 58 taxa. 적 요전라남도 신안군에 위치한 비금도와 도초도의 관속식물상을연구하였다. 2021년 6월과 9월 총 4회의 현지조사를 수행한 결과, 113과 332속 452종 6아종 27변종 3품종으로 총 490분류군의 분포를 확인하였다. 비금도에서는 84과 189속 220종 4아종8변종 4품종으로 총 232분류군이, 도초도에서는 107과 305속397종 5아종 23변종 3품종으로 총 428분류군이 각각 관찰되었다. 이들 중 한반도 특산식물은 7분류군, 환경부에서 지정한 법정보호종은 II급 2분류군이, IUCN Red List 위협범주에 속하는식물은 위기종(EN) 1분류군, 취약종(VU) 3분류군, 준위협종(NT) 1분류군으로 총 5분류군이, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 V등급 1분류군, IV등급 5분류군, III등급 28분류군으로 총 28분류군이 확인되었다. 분포가 독특한 분류군으로 지네발란 등 3분류군은 비금도와 도초도가 국내에서 분포 북한계지임이 확인되었다. 외래식물은 58분류군이 보고되었다.

홍도 관속식물상 재검토

장영종,박종수,이진실,이지연,최병희 한국식물분류학회 2021 식물 분류학회지 Vol.51 No.3

전라남도 신안군에 위치한 홍도의 관속식물상을 연구하였다. 생물다양성 데이터베이스를 통해 과거 홍도 식물상 연구들에서 수집된 표본 검토와 함께, 본인들이 2003년 4월부터 2020년 10월까지 22회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 수행하였다. 과거에 채집된 것과 금번조사 표본을 종합검토한 결과, 홍도의 관속식물은 102과 296속 425종 6아종 41변종으로 총 472분류군의 분포를 확인하였다. 이들 중 111 분류군은 이번 조사에서 새로이 분포가 확인되었으며, 특히 6분류군의 형태적 특징과 생육지를 기록하였다. 또한, 분류학적으로 재검토 및 재동정된 29분류군에 대한 분류학적 주석을 기술하였다. 이번 조사에서 붉은사철란, 수정목, 신안새우난초, 홍도원추리 등 4분류군은 홍도가 국내에서 분포 북한계지임이 밝혀졌다. 한편 흑산도비비추와 홍도서덜취의 분포는 국내에서 홍도와 인근 섬에만 분포가 한정되었다. 이들에 대한 분포도를 기재하였다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기 야생식물은 I급에 나도풍란과 풍란 2분류군, II급에 대흥란, 새깃아재비, 석곡, 신안새우난초, 혹난초 등 5분류군으로 총 7분류군이 확인되었으며, 국립생물자원관에서 발간한 적색자료집에 따른 희귀식물은 11분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 40분류군이 보고되었다. This study was carried out to survey the flora of Hongdo Island in Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Specimens collected from previous Hongdo flora studies were reexamined using a relevant biodiversity database, and field surveys were carried out 22 times from April of 2003 to October of 2020. Based on the specimens collected during both previous studies and this study, the identified vascular plants of Hongdo consisted of 472 taxa comprising 102 families, 296 genera, 425 species, 6 subspecies, and 41 varieties. Among them, 111 taxa are newly recorded in this study, and 6 taxa are described in detail in terms of their morphological characteristics and habitat. Also, 29 taxa were reviewed or re-identified with corresponding taxonomic annotations. In Korea, Hongdo represents the northern distributional limit of the 4 taxa of Goodyera biflora, Damnacanthus major, Calanthe aristulifera, and Hemerocallis hongdoensis. Moreover, Hosta yingeri and Saussurea polylepis are endemic to Hongdo and nearby islands in Korea. Distribution maps of these species were prepared. Protected species designated by the Ministry of Environment were 7 taxa consisting of 2 taxa of level I, specifically Sedirea japonica and Neofinetia falcata, and 5 taxa of level II, which were Cymbidium macrorhizon, Woodwardia japonica, Dendrobium moniliforme, Calanthe aristulifera, and Bulbophyllum inconspicuum. Red list plants as designated by the National Institute of Biological Resources numbered 11 taxa. Naturalized plants numbered 40 taxa.

0.18㎛ CMOS 공정을 이용한 MEMS 마이크로폰용 이중 채널 음성 빔포밍 ASIC 설계

장영종,이재학,김동순,황태호,Jang, Young-Jong,Lee, Jea-Hack,Kim, Dong-Sun,Hwang, Tae-ho 한국전자통신학회 2018 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.5

음성 인식 제어 시스템은 사용자의 음성을 인식하여 주변 장치를 제어하는 시스템이다. 최근 음성 인식 제어 시스템은 스마트기기 뿐만 아니라, IoT(: Internet of Things), 로봇, 차량에 이르기까지 다양한 환경에 적용되고 있다. 이러한 음성 인식 제어 시스템은 사용자의 음성 외에 주변 잡음에 의한 인식률 저하가 발생한다. 이에 본 논문은 사용자의 음성 외에 주변 잡음을 제거하기 위하여 MEMS(: Microelectromechanical Systems) 마이크로폰용 이중 채널 음성 빔포밍 하드웨어 구조를 제안하였으며, 제안한 하드웨어 구조를 TowerJazz $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS(: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) 공정을 이용하여 ASIC(: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)을 설계하였다. 설계한 이중 채널 음성 빔포밍 ASIC은 $48mm^2$의 Die size를 가지며, 사용자의 음성에 대한 지향성 특성을 측정한 결과 4.233㏈의 특성을 보였다. A voice recognition control system is a system for controlling a peripheral device by recognizing a voice. Recently, a voice recognition control system have been applied not only to smart devices but also to various environments ranging from IoT(: Internet of Things), robots, and vehicles. In such a voice recognition control system, the recognition rate is lowered due to the ambient noise in addition to the voice of the user. In this paper, we propose a dual channel acoustic beamforming hardware architecture for MEMS(: Microelectromechanical Systems) microphones to eliminate ambient noise in addition to user's voice. And the proposed hardware architecture is designed as ASIC(: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) using TowerJazz $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS(: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) technology. The designed dual channel acoustic beamforming ASIC has a die size of $48mm^2$, and the directivity index of the user's voice were measured to be 4.233㏈.

A 200-year-long miscognition: Castanopsis cuspidata does not occur on the Korean Peninsula

장영종,이은도,AMARSANAA GANTSETSEG,손동찬,정규영,한은경,이정현 한국식물분류학회 2023 식물 분류학회지 Vol.53 No.4

There has been no doubt over the past approximately 200 years that Castan- opsis cuspidata is distributed on the Korean Peninsula. Nevertheless, our empirical obser- vations prompt us to question its presence in this region. To clarify whether C. cuspidata occurs on the Korean Peninsula, we investigated specimens from herbaria, literature related to its distribution, and an officially recorded C. cuspidata forest of a Natural Monument on Yokjido Island. Based on our research findings, we provide a taxonomic key highlighting morphological differences especially the rachis of the infructescence and the tubercles of cupule between C. cuspidata and C. sieboldii. We concluded that it is more likely that C. cuspidata is not distributed on the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, all the trees in the offi- cially recorded natural monument C. cuspidata forest on Yokjido Island were found to be C. sieboldii. The miscognition may have gradually solidified over time due to a series of mis- identifications of C. sieboldii. It began Wenzig's documentation (1886) of Wilford's speci- men collection (1859) for Quercus cuspidata (= C. cuspidata) on Geomun Island in a historical context when the distinction between C. cuspidata and C. sieboldii had not yet been established. Additionally, our study suggests that the misidentification of organisms can have an impact beyond medicine and pharmacology, extending even into human culture.

Taxonomic identity of Crepidiastrum ×nakaii recorded on Hongdo Island

장영종,최병희 한국식물분류학회 2021 식물 분류학회지 Vol.51 No.3

The plant known as “Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi” on Hongdo Island, belonging to the genus Crepidiastrum, has been recorded as C. ×nakaii, a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. platyphyllum. During a survey of the flora of Hongdo Island, we reexamined the taxonomic identity of “Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi”. The morphological traits, geographical distribution, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of “Hong-do-godeul-ppae-gi” were compared to related species within the genus. A morphological examination revealed that the plant was similar to C. lanceolatum in that it has subshrub stems with caudex stout, 8 inner involucrals bracts, and 10 to 12 florets. In contrast, similarities to C. denticulatum were observed in terms of radical leaves deciduous in the flowering period, cauline leaves membranous with acute serrations, and beaked achenes. Furthermore, C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum grew on Hongdo Island and nearby areas, but C. platyphyllum was not distributed in these areas. The results of morphological and distributional investigations revealed that the Hongdo Island plant should be regarded as C. ×muratagenii, a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum, not C. ×nakaii, which is a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. platyphyllum. However, the resolution of the ITS sequences was insufficient such that we could not separate the examined species.

New Report of Vicia grandiflora Scop. in Korea

장영종(Young Jong Jang),이강협(Kang-Hyup Lee),강은수(Eun Su Kang),박범균(Beom Kyun Park),손동찬(Dong Chan Son) 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.3

We have discovered Vicia grandiflora Scop., a newly invasive alien species in Baekun-ri, Okcheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This species is native to regions from Central and Southeast Europe to Central Asia and Iran and is reported as an invasive species in North America and Japan. This species is similar to the Vicia sativa complex (V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. sativa subsp. nigra) but can be readily distinguished by the undivided ovate to semi-hastate stipules of the upper leaves, yellowish petals, large size of its flower, and elongated hilum. In the field, V. grandiflora grows in disturbed sites near cultivated land, suggesting that their seeds are typically transported by vehicles along with fertilizer or livestock feed. Here, we present the morphological description, photographs, and sites of V. grandiflora growth, which will be useful in guiding the management of this invasive alien plant.

계류선 배치에 따른 부유식 사장교의 정적 전체계 거동특성 분석

장민서,이윤우,김승준,한휘석,강영종,한상윤 한국강구조학회 2018 韓國鋼構造學會 論文集 Vol.30 No.4

장경간 케이블 교량은 설계 가능한 지간장의 범위가 주탑과 기초지반 조건에 따라 결정된다. TLP 형식을 활용한 부유식 주탑 교량은 해저지반에 거치된 교각 없이 구조물의 부력을 이용하여 구조물의 사항중과 부력이 힘의 평형을 이루어 지지되는 형식이다. 기존의 장경간 교량의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 기술로써 부유식 주탑을 갖는 사장교 교량이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 계류선의 배치에 따라 부유식 주탑을 갖는 장경간 사장교 교량의 정적 전체계 거동특성을 평가하였다. 계류선의 장력 방향의 교차점이 주탑의 회전중심점과 일치하게 되는 경우, 계류선은 더 이상 주탑의 회전에 저항하지 못하는 불안정한 거동이 발생했다. 단순히 계류선 경사로 인한 수평 저항력 증가만이 아닌 계류선의 배치에 따른 전체계 거동특성을 고려한 계류선 배치 설계를 수행해야 한다. In long-span cable bridges, the range of designable span length would be determined by the mast and foundation condition. The floating bridge using TLP(Tension Leg Platform) type mast is a type in which the superstructure is supported by the force of buoyancy without the pier mounted on the seabed so that the buoyancy of the floating bridge is balanced by the dead load and buoyancy of the structure. As a technique to overcome the weakness of existing long span bridges, it is possible to consider the type of cable-stayed bridges with floating tower. In this study, according to the tendon arrangement, the static global performance of the long-span cable-stayed bridges with floating tower were evaluated. When the intersection point of the tension line of the tendon and a pivot point of the mast coincided with each other, the tendon was no longer able to resist the rotation of the mast. Tendon arrangement design should be done considering not only increase of horizontal resistance due to tendon slope but total global performance according to tendon arrangement.

Core-A를 이용한 무선 프레젠테이션 시스템 설계

장영종(Young-jong Jang),배경렬(Kyeong-ryeol Bae),문병인(Byungin Moon) 한국정보기술학회 2011 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2011 No.5

기존의 프레젠테이션 방식은 컴퓨터나 노트북을 통해서 모니터나 빔 프로젝터와 같은 출력 장치로 영상정보를 전달한다. 하지만 이러한 프레젠테이션 방식은 컴퓨터와 노트북의 사용이 필수적으로 요구되어 휴대가 어렵고 유선 방식인 경우 행동반경에 제약이 생긴다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 Core-A를 이용한 무선 프레젠테이션 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 무선 프레젠테이션 시스템은 블루투스기능이 탑재된 스마트폰과 무선 프레젠테이션 SoC(System on Chip) 플랫폼으로 구성되며 이를 통해 장소에 구애받지 않는 무선 프레젠테이션의 실현이 가능하다. Conventional presentation methods transfer image information, stored on PC or laptop, to output devices such as beam projector or monitor. These methods require PC or laptop for presentation, so that conventional methods are difficult to carry and have restriction of movement. In this paper, we propose the Core-A based wireless presentation system to increase portability. The proposed wireless presentation system consists of smart-phones supporting bluetooth communication and Core-A based wireless presentation SoC(System on Chip) platform. The proposed system makes it possible to wireless presentation regardless of place.