AI 스피커와 감성 대화 시 답변 유형에 따른 사용자 선호도 연구

안정원(Jeongwon Ahn),강예미(Yemi Kang),김건동(Geondong Kim) 한국디자인학회 2019 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

4년근 미성숙 인삼열매 분획물의 약리학적 특성 및 치매 마우스 모델에서 인지능 개선효과

안정원(Jeong Won Ahn),장수길(Su Kil Jang),김현수(Hyun Soo Kim),조보람(Boram Jo),성은아(Eun Ah Sung),김승태(Seung Tae Kim),최은경(Ehn-Kyoung Choi),김윤배(Yun-Bae Kim),박희용(Hee Yong Park),주성수(Seong Soo Joo) 대한약학회 2020 약학회지 Vol.64 No.2

In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the processed 4-year ginseng berry extract (SGF) had pharmacological properties with improving learning and memory in an Aβ42-induced Alzheimer’s mouse model. Passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water-maze test (MWMT) were performed after the administration with SGF, and assays (acetylcholine, ACh and Aβ) in the brain lysates were followed along with the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) detection for the brain damage. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the gene expression (choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)) in N2a cells was further analyzed using Ellman’s and qPCR assays, respectively. Results demonstrated that SGF contained a high amount of 3 active ginsenosides (Rg3, Rg5 and F4) and significantly improved PAT and MWMT compared to Aβ42-induced mouse model. Interestingly, AChE activity in the brain lysates was significantly reduced, whereas ACh amounts was escalated in SGF groups. In addition, ChAT, VAChT and BDNF mRNAs were significantly upregulated in the presence of a single Rg3, Rg5 and F4 as well as SGF. Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that SGF can participate in alleviating AD pathogenesis by preventing the brain damage and increasing ACh production which are primitive requirements for a therapeutic candidate of Alzheimer’s disease.

중환자실 간호사의 의사소통 난이도, 중요도 및 만족도에 관한 인식과 환자 가족과의 의사소통 장애에 대한 조사연구

안정원 ( Jung Won Ahn ),김금순 ( Keum Soon Kim ) 서울대학교 간호과학연구소 2013 간호학의 지평 Vol.10 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate ICU nurses` perceptions of communication difficulties, the importance of and satisfaction with communication with doctors, other nurses, patients, and family, as well as to explore communication barrier with patient families. Methods: Investigators developed a 15-item communication perception questionnaire and 58-item communication barrier questionnaire. Communication barrier included 4 domains: nurses, family, environment, and patient condition. A total of 151 ICU nurses with a minimum of one year of ICU experience participated. Results: ICU patients (3.38±0.73) were the most difficult group to communicate with, followed by family (3.32±0.72), senior nurses (3.25±0.74), doctors (3.21±0.68), and nurse colleagues (2.64±0.73). Doctors (4.61±0.53) were the most important group to communicate with, followed by nurse colleagues (4.52±0.54), patients (4.49±0.58), senior nurses (4.44±0.55), and family (4.43±0.61). Satisfaction with communication was the highest with colleague nurses (3.60±0.68), then senior nurses (3.37±0.74), family (3.18±0.71), patients (3.09±0.75), and doctors (3.06±0.83).The total score of the communication barrier was 2.83±0.52, where each domain was scored as follows: patient condition 3.13±0.74, nurses 2.83±0.60, environment 2.81±0.66, and family 2.76±0.57. The ICU nurses reported that communication was difficult due to ``sudden deterioration in the patient`s condition``, ``being too busy``, ``a noisy environment``, and ``information not being shared between family members.`` Significant differences were noted by age, clinical experience, and marital status of nurse respondents. Conclusion: The findings indicated that development of a protocol on communication between nurses and doctors as well as development of an educational program on communication skills are necessary.

에르메스 스카프에 나타난 다문화적 에스닉 스타일 분석

안정원(Jung Won Ahn),박소형(So Hyoung Park) 한국디자인문화학회 2014 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.20 No.1

현대사회에서 이국적인 문화의 특성은 현대인의 일상생활에 혼용되어 나타나며 이러한 현상은 새로운 문화에 대한 긍정적인 수용태도로 발전한다. 과거부터 현재까지 다양한 패션 브랜드에서 이국적인 문화를 접목시킨 에스닉 스타일을 꾸준히 선보이고 있으며 글로벌 명품 브랜드인 에르메스는 다문화를 수용하여, 에스닉 스타일을 다양한 아이템으로 표현하고 있다. 특히 다른 패션 브랜드와 차별화되는 특징은 다문화성을 까레 스카프라는 에르메스의 전통적인 아이템에 다문화적 독특한 양식의 역사성을 포착하여 시대별, 국가별로 표현하고 있다는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 에르메스 까레 스카프의 에스닉 표현의 빈도와 조형적 특징을 분석함으로써 에르메스가 추구하는 에스닉 스타일을 시대별로 비교, 분석하여 에스닉 스타일 디자인의 변화와 가치를 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법은 에르메스 브랜드와 까레 스카프를 다룬도서, 출판물, 기사, 관련 논문 등의 문헌조사와 인터넷을 이용한 네트워크 검색을 통한 분석 및 고찰로 진행되었다. 본 연구의 범위와 내용에는 에르메스 브랜드의 역사, 까레 스카프의 탄생, 다문화주의와 현대패션에서 보여진 에스닉 스타일, 과거부터 현재까지의 에르메스까레 스카프에 주제로 나타난 국가를 빈도분석하고, 이에 따른 텍스타일 모티프의 특징과 조형 연구가 포함 되어 졌다. 역사와 전통의 상징적 브랜드인 에르메스는 다문화적 성격을 지닌 에스닉 스타일의 까레 스카프가 출시된 이후로 주제와 모티프, 구도, 색채 등이 그 문화의 상징적 형태와 내러티브를 기반으로 시대별로 디자인의 변화와 발전을 모색해가고 있으며, 제 3세계의 문명, 문화의 사실적 사건, 인물, 유물, 은유적 표현 등으로 사실적 스토리를 표현하고 있다. 이러한 요소는 에스닉 스타일에 혼용시켜 시대별로 변화하고 있으며 다문화적 특징의 빈도는 지속적으로 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 다문화적 에스닉 스타일은 에르메스 까레 스카프가 가지고 있는 역사성과 전통성의 브랜드 아이덴티티로서 디자인의 가치를 상승시키고 있으며 현 시대의 다문화성의 특징을 가장 명확하게 표현하고 있다. 이로써 다문화적 상징성을 나타내는 에스닉 스타일은 현 시대 양식의 다양화와 타문화에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 국내 브랜드의 디자인에도 창의적인 아이디어의 영감과 표현 방법을 제공해 줄 것이며, 다양한 문화가 서로 교류하여 여러 분야에서 신선한 자극과 창조적 변화를 가져오게 될 것으로 예측한다. In today`s society, the characteristics of exotic culture are mixed and appear our daily life. This phenomenon develops positive capacity for a brand new culture. From the past to the present, various fashion brands show ethnic style inspired exotic cultures. Hermes, which is a global luxury brand, accepts multiple cultures and expresses the style in various items. Especially, Hermes carre scarf shows ethnic style every season. Therefore, this research represents consideration and value of ethnic style that Hermes pursues by analyzing frequency of ethic expression and formative characteristic. Methods of study are documentary survey such as books, publications, articles, theses about Hermes brand and carre scarf and related information search by using internet. In the scope and content of the present study, the frequency history of the Hermes brand, the birth of carre scarf, ethnic style shown in fashion and modern multiculturalism, the country that will open, on the theme of Hermes carre scarf from the past to the present analyzes, studies of shaped accordingly were included. As this study`s result, Hermes, which is an iconic brand of history and tradition, expresses ethnic style by mixing cultural elements, and after the release of multicultural scarf carre ethnic style, Hermes continues to seek changes and developments based on main idea, motives, composition, and color that are related on one`s form of culture and narratives. Multicultural ethnic style is an identity of Hermes carre scarf, the brand that has historicity and legitimacy. It improved the value of design, and clearly shows the characteristic of multiculturalism. Therefore, as today`s diversification of style and interest in other culture increases, the ethnic style, which represents the multicultural symbol, will bring inspiration of creative ideas and the ways of expression to national design brands. Also, it is predictable that diversification of culture will exchange, so fresh stimulation and creative changes will appear in many areas.

Aβ42로 유도된 알츠하이머 마우스 모델에서 이중 가공 인삼열매 추출물의 학습 및 기억 손실 개선 효과

장수길,안정원,조보람,김현수,김서진,성은아,이도익,박희용,진덕희,주성수,Jang, Su Kil,Ahn, Jeong Won,Jo, Boram,Kim, Hyun Soo,Kim, Seo Jin,Sung, Eun Ah,Lee, Do Ik,Park, Hee Yong,Jin, Duk Hee,Joo, Seong Soo 한국식품과학회 2019 한국식품과학회지 Vol.51 No.2

AD는 뇌의 신경세포 사멸뿐만 아니라 학습 및 기억능 소실을 초래하는 퇴행성 뇌 질환이며, 기억과 관련된 주요 뇌 구역인 해마(hippocampus)는 콜린성 조절(cholinergic modulation)에 의해 영향을 받는다(Konishi 등, 2015). AD 병인에 대한 다양한 해석과 설명이 있으나 크게는 amyloid cascade hypothesis과 함께 cholinergic hypothesis가 주류를 이루고 있다. 몇몇의 연구에서 ChAT 합성, ACh 분비, nicotin 및 muscarinic 수용체 감소가 AD 뇌의 대뇌피질과 해마에서 관찰되어(Tata 등, 2014) 퇴행성 뇌질환에서의 중요성이 제시되었고, 이를 배경으로 한 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI)가 AD 증상 완화의 목적으로 미국 FDA로부터 승인되어 시판되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인삼의 활성 성분인 진세노사이드가 다량 함유된 PGBC가 $A{\beta}42$로 유도된 치매 모델에서 뇌세포 보호, ACh 분비 증가, 학습력/기억력 증가, ChAT 발현 증가를 확인하여 인삼열매 추출물의 치매 적용 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 결과에서 언급한 바와 같이 PGBC는 익기 직전의 4년근 인삼 열매에 추출 및 발효 단계를 추가하여 확보된 물질로서, $A{\beta}42$ 섭취, 제거 및 ACh 분비 촉진 활성이 있는 Re, Rd, Rg3 함량이 증가되어(Kim 등, 2014; Jang 등, 2015), PGBC 자체로서 치매 인자에 대한 조절 효능이 예측되었다. 특히, 7증 7포 및 발효과정을 거친 이중가공 인삼 열매 추출물이 비 발효 증포 추출물에 비해 Rg3가 현저히 증가하는 사전 연구결과와 Rg3가 $A{\beta}42$ 제거 활성을 가지는 것으로 확인된 결과를 종합할 때 PGBC 투여가 AD 증상 완화의 조절자 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다(Kim 등, 2013; Jang 등 2015). 본 연구에 따르면, 마우스 치매 모델에 PGBC 처리 시 PAT 및 Morris water-maze test를 통해 대조군 대비 유의한 수준의 인지능력 개선, ACh 합성을 유도하는 ChAT 유전자 발현 증가, ACh 분비량 증가 등이 확인되어 전체적인 인지능 개선에 극적인 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 특히 $A{\beta}42$를 뇌 실로 주입(intracranial injection) 하여 나타나는 뇌세포 손상이 PGBC 투여를 통해 보호된 것으로 사료되었으며, 이는 주요 뇌세포 중 하나인 성상세포에서 관찰되는 GFAP 분석을 통해 확인되었다. 뇌 균질액을 이용한 AChE 활성 연구에서도 PGBC가 AChE를 현저하게 저해하는 것으로 확인되어, AD 환자에게 처방이 가능한 2대 의약품 군중 하나인 시냅스 내 신경전달물질 ACh bioavailability 증가 목적의 처방 보조요법 적용이 기대된다(${\check{C}}olovi{\acute{c}}$ 등, 2013). 결론적으로, 본 연구에 사용된 PGBC는 학습 및 기억력을 개선하는 활성물질을 포함하고 있어 1차적인 퇴행성 뇌질환 보조재로서 직간접적인 대증요법 역할과 2차적으로는 뇌 세포 보호를 통한 질병 악화 지연 소재로 개발이 기대되며, 보다 심도 있는 기전연구를 통해 천연물 신소재 개발도 가능할 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to determine whether double-processed ginseng berry extract (PGBC) could improve learning and memory in an $A\hat{a}42$-induced Alzheimer's mouse model. Passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water-maze test (MWMT) were performed after mice were treated with PGBC, followed by acetylcholine (ACh) measurement and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) detection for brain damage. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression were analyzed using Ellman's and qPCR assays, respectively. Results demonstrated that PGBC contained a high amount of ginsenosides (Re, Rd, and Rg3), which are responsible for the clearance of $A{\hat{a}} 42$. They also helped to significantly improve PAT and MWMT performance in the $A{\hat{a}} 42-induced$ Alzheimer's mouse model when compared to the normal group. Interestingly, ACh and ChAT were remarkably upregulated and AChE activities were significantly inhibited, suggesting PGBC to be a palliative adjuvant for treating Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, PGBC was found to play a positive role in improving cognitive abilities. Thus, it could be a new alternative solution for alleviating Alzheimer's disease symptoms.

소시오드라마가 특수교육대상 학생 어머니의 양육스트레스, 우울, 부모효능감에 미치는 효과

한종숙,안정원,Han, Jong-Sook,Ahn, Jung-Won 한국가정간호학회 2017 가정간호학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sociodrama on mothers of adolescents receiving special education at school. Methods: The participants were 30 mothers of adolescents with autism and intellectual, physical, emotional, and behavioral disability (experimental group=8, control group=16, 4 excluded). Sociodrama was conducted over 6 weeks (6 sessions). Data were collected using a mixed method. A constructed questionnaire on parenting stress, depression, and parenting self-efficacy was distributed before and after the intervention. A focus group interview was conducted subsequently. Data were collected from May to June 2016 and analyzed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and a content analysis. Results: The intervention group showed significant changes in parenting stress (Z=-2.34, p=.019), depression (Z=-.3.46 p=.001), and parenting self-efficacy (Z=-2.82, p=.029) compared with the control group. Results of the qualitative analysis exhibited two themes, namely "changes" and "healing and challenges," which were divided into 4 categories and 9 sub-categories. Conclusion: Sociodrama was effective in reducing the level of parenting stress and depression, and increased the level of parenting self-efficacy in participants. Sociodrama can be recommended as an intervention program for parents raising adolescents receiving special education.

한국어판 자기관리 측정도구(Partners In Health scale)의 타당도 및 신뢰도 분석

전미경,안정원,박연환,이미경,Jeon, Mi-Kyeong,Ahn, Jung-Won,Park, Yeon-Hwan,Lee, Mi-Kyoung 한국중환자간호학회 2019 중환자간호학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of Partners In Health scale (PIH-K) which is used to measure the self-management of patients with chronic illnesses in Korea. Methods : Translation of the 12-item PIH-K was conducted according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Data from 306 participants who took medicines over 3 months by doctor's prescription were collected from October to November 2017. Validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted using content validity index (CVI), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). To evaluate concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the PIH-K and concurrent scales (Self-As-Carer Inventory) were calculated. The reliability of the PIH-K was examined using the internal consistency and test-retest reliability tests. Results : The CVI of the PIH-K was 0.91. According to the CFA, factor loadings for four factors ranged from .64 to .97, which explained 67.5% of the total variance. The PIH-K was significantly correlated with concurrent variables such as those on the Self-As-Carer Inventory. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .86 and the intraclass correlation coefficient for the two-week test-retest reliability was .88. Conclusion : Findings show that the PIH-K is reliable and valid in measuring self-management of patients with chronic illnesses.

혼합설계방법을 사용한 한국거주 외국인의 의료서비스 이용만족도 비교연구

김금순(Kim, Keum Soon),안정원(Ahn, Jung Won),김진아(Kim, Jin A),김희정(Kim, Hee Jung) 한국간호과학회 2014 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.44 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine and compare satisfaction with Korean health care services for Americans, Chinese and Russians who resided in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 252 participants (81 Americans, 89 Chinese, 82 Russians). Three focus group interviews were subsequently conducted in order to obtain a greater understanding of participants’ experience and perspectives. Results: The average satisfaction score was 3.09, with Americans and Russians showing significantly higher scores than Chinese. Overall, participants reported higher satisfaction in ‘Facility’, ‘Quality of care’ and ‘Nursing services’ as opposed to ‘Information/education’. ‘Care with cultural respect’ as well as communication related services. Data from the focus group interviews were categorized into 12 sub-categories, 7 categories and 2 themes. The two themes were common experience and contrasting experience. Common experience included 4 categories, ‘Quality of care’, ‘Hospital facility and health care system’, ‘Language barrier’ and ‘Information and education’. Contrasting experience included 3 categories, ‘Medical cost’, ‘Health care personnel’ and ‘Accessibility’. Conclusion: Results of this study provide basic knowledge on foreign residents’ satisfaction and experience with Korean health care services. Further research is needed with foreigners from different cultural backgrounds. Administrative and educational efforts are required to improve communication skills and cultural competency.

한국어판 간호대학생의 인공지능에 대한 태도 측정도구 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증

서연희(Seo, Yon Hee),안정원(Ahn, Jung-Won) 한국간호교육학회 2022 한국간호교육학회지 Vol.28 No.4

외국인 환자 만족도 측정 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도

최윤경 ( Yun-kyoung Choi ),안정원 ( Jung Won Ahn ),김묘경 ( Myo-gyeong Kim ),김진아 ( Jin-a Kim ),김희정 ( Hee Jung Kim ),김금순 ( Keumsoon Kim ) 대한보건협회 2017 대한보건연구 Vol.43 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 한국보건산업진흥원에서 기 개발된 외국인 환자 만족도 측정 도구를 수정·보완하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 규명하고자 시도되었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상은 서울·경기지역에서 국제진료센터를 운영하고 있는 9개 병원에서 외래 혹은 입원하여 진료를 받은 외국인으로 영어, 러시아어, 몽골어 중 한 개 언어에 능통한 자를 대상으로 하였다. 기 개발된 외국인 환자 만족도 측정 도구에 대하여 국내외 유사 도구 검토, 전문가 내용 타당도 검토 후 예비 문항을 개발하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 신뢰도 및 타당도 분석 및 전문가 자문 과정을 거쳐 최종 도구를 개발하였다. 연구결과 : 최종 외국인 환자 만족도 측정 도구는 7개 항목, 39개 문항으로 구성되었다. 7개 항목은 `의사 진료`(5개문항), `정보 및 교육`(6개 문항), `병원생활 및 진료비`(8개 문항), `병원 편의`(5개 문항), `직원 서비스`(4개 문항), `의사소통과 환자 존중`(4개 문항), `접근성`(4개 문항)이며, `전반적 만족도`, `재이용 의사` 및 `추천 의사` 3개 문항의 총 39개 문항으로 확정하였다. 최종 7개 항목 36문항의 Cronbach`s alpha는 .95이며, 항목별 신뢰도는 `의사 진료` .83, `정보 및 교육` .88, `병원생활 및 진료비` .85, `병원 편의` .85, `직원 서비스` .77, `의사소통과 환자 존중` .86, 그리고 `접근성` .65이었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 국내 의료기관을 방문한 외국인 환자 만족도를 측정하는데 신뢰도와 타당도 높은 도구가 개발된 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 개발된 외국인 환자만족도 측정 도구를 활용하여 외국인 환자의 경험을 측정함으로써 궁극적으로 외국인 환자에 대한 의료서비스의 질을 향상시키는데 기여할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of the international patient`s satisfaction inventory, which had been previously developed, by revising and supplementing it. Methods: Toward this end, the study selected foreign patients who had received in-patient or out-patient treatments in nine hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do which run an international care center and who are fluent in either English, Russian, or Mongolian. After reviewing other satisfaction inventories in Korea and other countries that are similar to the developed satisfaction inventory and examining its validity from specialists, the study developed preliminary questions and used them for a survey. After the reliability and validity analyses as well as a consultation with specialists, the study developed the final inventory. Results: The final international patient`s satisfaction inventory consisted of seven categories and 39 questions. The seven categories were “doctor`s care (five questions),” “information and education (six questions),” “hospital environment and financial aspect (eight questions),” “hospital convenience (five questions),” “staff services (four questions),” “communication and patient-respect (four questions),” and “accessibility (four questions),” while the 39 questions included “overall satisfaction,” “whether to use the service again,” and “whether to recommend the service to others.” Cronbach`s alpha coefficient of the 7 categories, 36 items was .95, and the reliability coefficient of “doctor`s care,” “information and education,” “hospital environment and financial aspect,” “hospital convenience,” “staff services,” “communication and patient-respect,” and “accessibility” was .83, .88, .85, .85, .77, .86, and .65, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the previously developed international patient`s satisfaction inventory offered high reliability and validity in measuring the satisfaction level of foreign patients who visit medical facilities in Korea. It is believed that using the developed satisfaction inventory to measure the experience of foreign patients will ultimately contribute to the quality of medical services to foreign patients.