정부의 신뢰 위기와 NGO와의 파트너십 대안

주성수 한국행정연구원 2003 韓國行政硏究 Vol.12 No.2

세계적으로 정부와 의회의 신뢰는 심각한 쇠퇴 국면에 있다. 특히 한국의 정부와 국회에 대한 시민들의 신뢰는 최저 수준에 떨어져 있고 반면에 NGO에 대한 신뢰는 최고 수준에 올라 있다. 정부에 '비판적인 시민'은 NGO을 신뢰하며 '제로섬 게임' 태도를 보여주는 것은 아닌지, 또 시민의 신뢰를 받는 NGO와의 파트너십을 통해 정부는 신뢰를 회복할 수 있는지가 의문이다. 이 논문은 1995-7년의 세계가치조사 자료를 활용해서 정부 신뢰에 관한 이론적 해석들을 분석하고 한국의 정부와 의회의 신뢰 위기의 문제와 특성은 설명한다.

中央集權化와 地方分權化 : 국제적 비교고찰 A Comparative Study

朱聖秀 漢陽大學校 行政問題硏究所 1992 行政問題論集 Vol.11 No.-

기업과 NGO관계 : 대립에서 협력으로 가는 글로벌 동향

주성수 한국비영리학회 2001 한국비영리학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

‘활성적 공동체’의 노후 자원봉사활동

주성수 한양대학교 제3섹터연구소 2011 시민사회와 NGO Vol.9 No.2

This study analyzes the regional differences in the volunteering levels among grassroots districts of Seoul Metropolitan City, utilizing a data set of 46,153 persons which covers subsets of seniors(more than 60 years old) and other statistical and survey data for independent variables. Focusing on the theoretical perspectives of 'active aging' and 'active community' concerning the socioeconomic activities of senior persons, this study aims to analyze the factors affecting the regional differences in the volunteering levels. With the level of volunteering as a dependent variable and human and social capital and economic activities factors as independent variables, this study conducts a comparative analysis of volunteering among seniors in the 25 districts of Seoul Metropolitan City. 이 연구는 풀뿌리 기초자치단체 차원에서 노후 자원봉사활동 참여도의 차이를 분석하기 위해 서울시의 최근 통계자료를 활용하였다. 이 자료는 2009년 2천 가구 46,153 명의 서울시민을 대상으로 한 자료는 60세 이상 노인의 자원봉사 참여율을 분류하고 있는데, 이 자료를 바탕으로 다른 개인별 설문자료들과 자치구별 통계자료들을 결합해 통계분석을 진행하였다. 이론적으로 ‘활성적 공동체’와 ‘활성적 노화’ 시각들이 제시하는 노인의 사회․경제적 활동에 초점을 맞춰 자치구 차원에서 자원봉사 참여도의 차이를 낳는 요인들을 규명하는 데 연구의 목적을 둔다. 노인들의 소득수준이나 건강 등 인적 자본(human capital)뿐 아니라 일자리, 소득활동과 지역사회 참여활동 등의 사회자본(social capital)이 풍부한 지역사회에서 노후 자원봉사활동이 활성화되어 있다는 선행연구들의 결과에 기초해 서울시 25개 자치구를 비교분석하는 데 연구의 초점을 맞춘다.

개인화 시대의 생활민주화

주성수 한양대학교 제3섹터연구소 2019 시민사회와 NGO Vol.17 No.1

A new era of participation explosion of direct actions led by individuals such as Gap-jil, Mee-Too, whistle-blowing is becoming 'revolutionary' in that participating individuals are attempting to change the state, market and civil society. The current trend of 'individuals changing the world', if strong and sustainable enough to be irreversable, might bring a paradigm shift of democratization : from politics to everyday life. This study is aimed to analyze the current trend of individualization and democratization of everyday life in terms of major background factors, by taking examples of Gap-jil, MeeToo, whistle-blowing movements in Korea. The 2016-17 'Candle-light Revolution' is seen by many researchers as the major factor of the current revolutionary change in everyday life in particular. The democratization of everyday life is, however, a multi-factor phenomenon and its explanation should be based on a holistic approach. The literature review suggests a definition of 'democratization of everyday life' as "a process by which individuals raise questions of unfair, immoral, violent experiences, communicate with others to make an issue, and suggest resolutions or improvements by participating in direct actions." This study focuses attention on the analysis of such factors as national development, IT revolution, Candle-light Revolution, direct actions, individual values change. To suggest a conclusion, it is uncertain that the current trend of Gap-jil and MeToo movement by individuals would overcome the huddles of both the traditional value of 'respect for authority' and deeply rooted individual values of survival over self-expression such as Gap-jil or Metoo. 갑질저항, 미투운동, 비리고발 등으로 개인들이 앞장서는 새로운 시대적 변화는 왜 지금, 어떻게 일어나고 있는가? 개인들이 앞장서 세상을 바꿀 기세로 일어나는 ‘혁명적’ 변화는 개인들이 국가나 시장이나 시민사회에 영향력을 행사하는 변화라는 의미에서 ‘혁명적’이다. 그래서 지금은 <개인이 바꾸는 세상>인지, 그 추세가 많이 진전되어 거슬릴 수 없는 대세가 된다면, 이것은 87년 민주항쟁 이후 최초의 새로운 ‘민주화’ 패러다임 이동이 될 수 있다. 정치민주화에서 ‘생활민주화’로의 이동이 아닌지, 평가해볼 만하다. 그런데 이런 <개인이 바꾸는 세상>이라는 변화가 가능해진 시대적 배경이 무엇인지, 우선 여기에 이 연구의 초점을 맞춘다. 2016-17년 촛불혁명이 학계나 전문가들이 논의하는 핵심적인 배경요인이지만, 다른 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화 등 복합적인 요인들에 대한 총체적인 접근(holistic approach)이 필요하다. 이 연구는 생활민주화에 대해 “개인들이 일상생활에서 경험하는 부당함, 부조리에 직접 나서 다른 사람들과 소통으로 공감대를 형성해 문제를 제기하고 해결이나 개선을 위해 직접행동에 나서는 과정”으로 좁은 의미로 정의하며, 생활민주화를 가능하게 했던 시대적 배경요인들에 주목한다. 촛불혁명을 비롯해, IT 혁명, 직접행동주의, 국력신장, 가치관 변화 등 다섯 가지에 초점을 맞춰, 국력신장 → IT혁명→ 촛불혁명 → 직접행동주의와 가치관변화 → 생활민주화로 발전되는 연관성을 제시한다. 그럼에도 갑질추방, 미투운동이 전통적인 권위 중심의 가치관의 장애물을 넘어, 더 나아가 생존의 허들까지 뛰어넘어 진정 의미 있는 변화로 이어질 수 있을지는 불확실하다.

Interferon Signal Transduction of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate/Amantadine and Anti-HBV Activity in HepG2 2.2.15

주성수,원태준,김민정,황광우,이도익 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.5

Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) is a hepatoprotectant, which is used as an adjuvant agent in a treatment for chronic hepatitis. Amantadine is an antiviral agent, which is utilized primarily in the treatment of influenza, but also, occasionally in the treatment of hepatitis C. In a previous study, we reported that DDB, coupled with amantadine, would exert an anti-HBV effect, via the induction of interferon-inducible gene expression in the HepG2 2.2.15 cell line. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether or not DDB and/or amantadine exhibit anti-HBV properties, and what mechanisms of action might be involved in such properties. In our study, we were able to determine that DDB stimulates Jak/Stat signaling, and induces the expression of interferon alpha (IFN-α) stimulated genes, most notably 6-16 and ISG12. In addition, the antiviral effectors induced by IFN-α, PKR, OAS, and MxA, were regulated in the presence of DDB at its optimal concentration (250 µg/mL), to a degree commensurate with the degree of induction associated with the IFN-α treated group. Finally, we determined that the replication of pregenomic RNA and HBeAg was inhibited by DDB treatment, and this inhibition was maximized when coupled with the administration of amantadine (25 µg/mL). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated clearly that DDB, as well as the combination of DDB/amantadine, directly inhibited IFN-α signaling-mediated replication of HBV in infected hepatocytes, and thus may represent a novel treatment for chronic hepatitis B, which would be characterized principally by its improved safety over other treatment strategies.

Potential Effects of Microglial Activation Induced by Ginsenoside Rg3 in Rat Primary Culture: Enhancement of Type A Macrophage Scavenger Receptor Expression

주성수,이도익 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.10

Brain microglia are phagocytic cells that are the major inflammatory response cells of the central nervous system and widely held to play important pathophysiologic roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in both potentially neurotoxic responses and potentially beneficial phagocytic responses. In the study, we examined whether ginsonoside Rg3, a by-product of red ginseng, enhances the microglial phagocytosis of Aβ. We found that Rg3 promoted Aβ uptake, internalization, and digestion. Increased maximal Aβ uptake was observed at 4 and 8 h after Rg3 pretreatment (25 µg/mL), and the internalized Aβ was almost completely digested from cells within 36 h when pretreated with Rg3 comparing with single non-Rg3-treated groups. The expression of MSRA (type A MSR) was also up-regulated by Rg3 treatment in a dose- and timedependent manner which was coincidently identified in western blots for MSRA proteins in cytosol. These results indicate that microglial phagocytosis of Aβ may be enhanced by Rg3 and the effect of Rg3 on promoting clearance of Aβ may be related to the MSRA-associated action of Rg3. Thus, stimulation of the MSRA might contribute to the therapeutic potentials of Rg3 in microglial phagocytosis and digestion in the treatment of AD.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Secondary Metabolites from White Rose Flower

주성수,김윤배,이도익 한국식물병리학회 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.1

Low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites from plants play an important role in reproductive processes and in the defense against environmental stresses or pathogens. In the present study, we isolated various volatiles and phenolic compounds from white Rosa rugosa flowers,and evaluated the pharmaceutical activities of these natural products in addition to their ability to increase survival in response to environmental stress and pathogen invasion. The DPPH and hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation assay revealed that the white rose flower extract (WRFE) strongly scavenged free radicals in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, WRFE inhibited the growth of E. coli and fatally attacked those cells at higher concentration (>0.5 mg/mL). FITC-conjugated Annexin V stain provided further evidence that WRFE had strong antimicrobial activity, which may have resulted from a cooperative synergism between volatiles (e.g. 1-butanol, dodecyl acrylate and cyclododecane)and phenolic compounds (e.g. gallic acid) retained in WRFE. In conclusion, secondary metabolites from white rose flower hold promise as a potential natural source for antimicrobial and non-chemical based antioxidant agents.

흰쥐 뇌 소교세포에서 진세노사이드 Rg3의 Type A Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 발현 증진효과

주성수,황광우,이도익,Joo, Seong-Soo,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Lee, Do-Ik 대한약학회 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) induce microglial interaction with ${\beta}$-amyloid fibrils (fA${\beta}$) that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although microglia are know n to have a dual effect on formation of plaque and clearance of fA${\beta}$ in the AD brain, receptor-mediated phagocytosis is a very important tool for preventing amyloid plaque via activated microglia in the early stage of AD. In the study, we examined whether ginsonoside Rg3 enhances the microglial Phagocytosis of A${\beta}$1-42 through Phagocytosis assay, gene expression (RT-PCR) and protein assay (western blots) for the cell responsiveness presented between Rg3-treated and non-treated groups. Fluro-labeled Ac-LDL and E.coli particles were used as control proteins for phagocytosis. In previous studies, this was a particularly interesting property of Rg3 in the stimulation and phagocytosis of macrophages in the periphery. We report here that ginsenoside Rg3 increased the expression of type-A MSR (MSR-A) in microglia and thus accelerated the phagocytosis with an effective degradation of engulfed fA${\beta}$. This result suggests that Rg3 may play an important role in removing fA${\beta}$ by enhancing the receptor-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, Rg3 could be a potential candidate for balancing the rate of production of fA${\beta}$ in AD brain.

간암세포주 HepG2 2.2.15에서 아만타딘/비페닐디메칠디카르복실레이트 복합제의 항 바이러스 효과

주성수,원태준,이용진,황광우,이도익,Joo, Seong-Soo,Won, Tae-Joon,Lee, Yong-Jin,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Lee, Do-Ik 대한약학회 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.2

For decades, the demand for new antiviral strategies, especially in hepatitis, has increased markedly due to its devastating pathogenic outcome, In the present study, we examin ed the antiviral effect of the combination of amantadine and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in HepG2 2.2.15, which is transfected with HBV DNA. The study demonstrated that the combination not the single treatment may have an anti-HBV effect through a synergism of antiviral, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities in STAT1 ${\alpha}$, 6-16 gene, and pro-inflammatory components such as nitric oxide and IL-1${\beta}$ expression. In addition, hepatitis B surface and core gene expression were examined as a final end point for the anti-HBV activities, which was also significantly suppressed comparing to normal control (p<0.01).