염료감응형 태양전지용 나노두께 Pt와 Ru 상대전극의 물성

노윤영,유병관,유기천,고민재,송오성 대한금속·재료학회 2012 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.50 No.3

A ruthenium (Ru) catalytic layer and a conventional Pt layer were assessed as counter electrodes (CE) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Ru films with different thicknesses of 34, 46, and 90 nm were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pt layers with the same thicknesses were prepared by sputtering. 0.45 cm2 DSSCs were prepared and their properties were characterized by FE-SEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and current-voltage (I-V). FE-SEM revealed that the crystallized Ru films and Pt films had been deposited quite conformally. CV showed that the catalytic activity of Pt was much greater than that of Ru. In addition, although the catalytic activity of Pt did not depend on the thickness, that of Ru showed an increase with increasing thickness. Impedance analysis revealed high charge transfer resistance at the Ru interface and a decrease with increasing Ru thickness, whereas Pt showed low resistance with no thickness dependence. Despite the relatively small catalytic activity of Ru, the I-V result revealed the average energy conversion efficiency of Ru and Pt to be 2.98% and 6.57%, respectively. These results suggest that Ru can be used as counter electrodes in DSSCs due to its extremely low temperature process compatibility.

Properties of an Au/Pt Bilayered Counter Electrode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

노윤영,송오성 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.5

A 0.45 cm2 dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device with glass/FTO/blocking layer/TiO2/dye/electrolyte/50 nm Pt/50 nm Au/glass was prepared to improve the energy conversion efficiency by applying an Au/Pt bilayer to the flat glass substrate of the counter electrode (CE). For comparison, Au and Pt CEs, 100 nm in thickness, on flat glass substrates were also prepared using the same method. The photovoltaic properties, such as the short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and energy conversion efficiency (ECE), were checked using a solar simulator and potentiostat. The strain of a Pt thin film was examined by x-ray diffraction. The sheet resistance and interface resistance were examined using a four point probe and impedance measurements. The measured energy conversion efficiencies of the dye-sensitized solar cell devices with Pt only and Au/ Pt bilayer counter electrodes were 4.60% and 5.28%, respectively. The Au/Pt bilayer was confirmed by XRD, which also revealed a large compressive strain of −6.66 × 10−3 in the Pt layer. The interface resistance at the interface between the counter electrode and electrolyte decreased when an Au/Pt bilayered thin film was applied. The increase in efficiency at the Au/Pt bilayered counter electrode was attributed to the effect of a compressive strain field formed at the Pt layer and the low resistive Au layer used.

Properties of the Nano-Thick Pt/W Bilayered Catalytic Layer Employed Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

노윤영,송오성 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3

A Pt/W bilayered catalytic layer on a flat glass substrate was used as a counter electrode to improve the energy conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell device with the structure of 0.45 cm2 effective area of glass/ FTO/blocking layer/TiO2/N719 (dye)/electrolyte/50 nm Pt/50 nm W/glass. For comparison, 100 nm-thick Pt and W counter electrodes on flat glass substrates were also prepared using the same procedure. The photovoltaic properties, such as the short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, energy conversion efficiency and impedance were characterized using a solar simulator and potentiostat. The phases and microstructures of the catalytic layers were examined by x-ray diffraction and field emission electron microscopy. The measured energy conversion efficiencies of the dye-sensitized solar cell devices with Pt only and Pt/W bilayer counter electrodes were 4.60% and 6.54%, respectively. The interface resistance at the interface between the counter electrode and electrolyte decreased when a Pt/W bilayered thin film was applied. The increase in efficiency resulted from the effect of compressive strain field formed by the intermetallic layer of Pt2W at Pt and W layer interface. This suggests that the use of Pt/W bilayered catalytic layers improves the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells compared to those using the conventional Pt layers.

Properties of a Ru/Ti Bilayered Counter Electrode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

노윤영,송오성 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.1

A Ru/Ti bilayer to a flat glass substrate was applied as a counter electrode to improve the energy conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell device with the structure of glass/FTO/blocking layer/TiO2/N719(dye)/ electrolyte/(50 nm Ru-50 nm Ti)/glass. For comparison, a 100 nm-thick Ru counter electrode on a flat glass substrate was also prepared using the same method. The photovoltaic properties, such as the short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, energy conversion efficiency and impedance, were characterized using a solar simulator and potentiostat. The phase of the bilayered films was examined by x-ray diffraction. The measured energy conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell device with a Ru/Ti bilayer counter electrode was 2.40%. The efficiency was 1.48 times larger that of the dye-sensitized solar cell with the 100 nm Ru counter electrode. The new phase of RuTi led to a decrease in resistivity and an increase in catalytic activity. The interface resistance at the interface between the counter electrode and electrolyte decreased when Ru/Ti bilayer thin films were applied. This suggests that Ru/Ti bilayer thin films improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells.

단일기관 소아청소년 입원 환자에서의 항생제 피부시험 현황 분석

노윤영,김하민,박미르,김수연,김종덕,김민정,이용주,김윤희,김경원,손명현 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회 2023 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.11 No.2

Background: Routine practice of antibiotic skin test (AST) before administering antibiotics is with little scientific basis. However, AST is frequently performed in real-world practice. We aimed to explore the current practice status of AST. Methods: All admission cases in Severance Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 of patients at less than 19 years of age were collected retrospectively. AST results for 4 penicillins (ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and piperacillin-tazobactam) and 6 cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefpiramide, ceftriaxone, and flomoxef) as well as adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports were collected. Results: Among 36,381 hospitalization cases, 7,589 and 16,468 were administered penicillins and cephalosporins, respectively. Penicillins were administered without AST in 2,622 cases (35%), 2 (0.08%) of which showed ADR. Of the remaining 4,967 cases who received AST, 57 (1.1%) showed a positive reaction. For cephalosporins, 15,473 cases (94%) received antibiotics without AST. Among them, 17 cases (0.1%) showed ADRs. For 995 cases that rceived AST, 22 (2.2%) revealed a positive reaction. Among 79 cases who were AST positive, 10 took the original medication. Conclusion: The current practice of AST reveals heterogeneous and inconsistent patterns. This brings the need for a standardized guideline for the safe and effective use of antibiotics. .

거부민감성과 사회불안의 관계에서 경험회피의 매개효과

노윤영,남숙경 한국상담학회 2019 상담학연구 Vol.20 No.4

This study examined the mediating effect of experiential avoidance between rejection sensitivity and social anxiety of college students. And social anxiety was classified as social interaction anxiety and performance anxiety. Questionnaire survey was conducted with 300 university students in Korea. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0. First, the results indicated that rejection sensitivity had a statistically significant correlation with experiential avoidance, social interaction anxiety, and performance anxiety. Experience avoidance had a statistically significant negative correlation with social interaction anxiety and performance anxiety. Social interaction anxiety had a statistically significant positive correlation with performance anxiety. Second, the partial mediating effect of experience avoidance was confirmed in both rejection sensitivity, social interaction anxiety, as well as between rejection sensitivity and performance anxiety. These results are expected to help understand the effect of college students' rejection sensitivity on social anxiety and provide the intervention for college students suffering from social anxiety. 본 연구는 대학생의 거부민감성과 사회불안의 관계에서 경험회피가 매개효과를 보이는지 알아보기 위해 진행된 것으로, 사회불안을 사회적 상호작용 불안과 수행 불안으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 이러한 목적을 위해 국내에 위치한 대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0와 AMOS 21.0을 사용하여 분석되었으며 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거부민감성은 경험회피와 사회적 상호작용 불안, 수행 불안과 통계적으로 유의미한 정적상관이 있었고, 경험회피는 사회적 상호작용 불안, 수행 불안과 통계적으로 유의미한 정적상관이 있었다. 사회적 상호작용 불안은 수행 불안과 통계적으로 유의미한 정적상관이 있었다. 둘째, 거부민감성과 사회불안 사이에서 경험회피의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 거부민감성과 사회적 상호작용 불안 사이에서 경험회피의 부분 매개효과가 확인되었다. 또한 거부민감성과 수행불안 사이에서도 경험회피의 부분 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 대학생들의 거부 민감성이 사회불안에 미치는 영향에 대해 좀 더 구체적으로 이해하고, 사회불안으로 고통받는 대학생들을 위한 개입 방안을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

혈우병관절건강점수와 페터슨점수로 평가한 혈우병 환자의 관절 건강

노윤영,최영하,박미나,한정화,김선희,신윤정,한승민,이희영,박정민,홍준표,유철주,한정우 대한소아혈액종양학회 2018 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.25 No.2

Background: Comprehensive clinical and radiologic follow-up is needed to preserve joint functions and quality of life in hemophilia using clinimetric tools such as Hemophilia joint health score (HJHS) or Pettersson score (PS). We investigated the joint health status evaluated using the tools in Korean hemophilia patients. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively medical records to collect clinical parameters, HJHS and PS, who were followed up in Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The correlation between HJHS and PS, and the effect of the prophylaxis for hemophilia on the outcomes measured with the scores were evaluated. The prophylaxis proportion (PP) was calculated as the proportion of prophylaxis duration to each patient’s life time. Results: Total of 28 patients with severe hemophilia were enrolled. Twelve patients (42.8%) were less than 20 years old. Total of 23 patients had experienced prophylaxis during their lives, and median PP was 39.7%. There was significant correlation between HJHS and PS (P<0.001). Each score was positively correlated with patient’s age (P< 0.001). PP was negatively correlated with either HJHS or PS (P<0.001, respectively). There was significant correlation between either HJHS or PS and the PP in the group of patients <20 years old, but there was no correlation in the group of >20 years old. Conclusion: HJHS and PS were positively correlated. Each score increased as the patient’s age increased. The prophylaxis had protective effect on joint health. The prospective evaluation of HJHS and PS will be needed to prove the effect of proper management on the joint health status.

外國投資家의 出資金回收에 따른 株式評價에 關한 硏究 : 國內外國人合作投資企業을 中心으로

盧潤泳 연세대학교 경영대학원 1979 經營論叢 Vol.12 No.2

Formation of Ruthenium-Dots on Counter Electrodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

노윤영,송오성 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.1

A 34 nm-thick ruthenium layer was deposited on a flat glass substrate by atomic layer deposition at low temperatures followed by the formation of self-aligned Ru micro or nano-dots by rapid thermal annealing for 30 seconds at 400°C. The resulting substrates were re-coated with another 34 or 69 nm-thick Ru layers by ALD at 250°C. Finally, the effective area of 0.45 cm2 dye sensitized solar cell with a glass / FTO / TiO2 / dye / electrode / (nano-dots Ru / Ru)/glass structure was fabricated. The microstructure was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The photovoltaic properties, such as the short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency, were characterized using a solar simulator and potentiostat. FE-SEM confirmed that the 34 nm and 69 nm-thick Ru layers re-deposited by the second ALD process showed a 65% and 49% larger surface area, respectively, than the flat glass substrate due to the rearranged nano-dots. The ECE of the final DSSC was 2.62%, which was a 1.45 times larger than that of the 34 nm-Ru flat glass substrate. These results suggest that the efficiency of DSSCs can be improved by increasing the effective surface area of a counter electrode by low temperature ALD.

A Study on the Trade Expansion Plans of the Cosmetic Ingredients Industry: A Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Laws

노윤영 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.3

Purpose Along with the growth of the cosmetics market, consumers’ demand for organic and eco-friendly materials is increasing, further emphasizing the importance of cosmetics materials. However, most of Korea’s cosmetics ingredients depend on overseas imports from China, Japan, and the United States, acting as a limiting factor for the continued growth of the domestic cosmetics industry. Despite the strengthening of regulations on the import and export of cosmetics materials worldwide, it is not specifically specified in the domestic enforcement ordinance or enforcement regulations, this paper would like to summarize countermeasures for this. Design/Methodology/Approach In this paper, after reviewing domestic cosmetics-related laws and administrative rules, the European Union’s new chemical system was analyzed, and related laws in China were examined. In addition, in accordance with the main contents of the Nagoya Protocol, the problems that raw material companies should urgently deal with were examined, and the government’s countermeasures necessary for this were summarized. Findings As a result, In order for K-cosmetics to challenge the global market, it is necessary to meet international regulatory standards from the development stage, and government help to quickly provide information on changing laws and regulations related to the cosmetics raw material industry is urgently needed. Research Implications In addition, this paper will help predict and prepare risk variables in advance by analyzing domestic laws and national laws related to import of raw materials for overseas cosmetics.