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국민학교에 있어서 대수구조적 문장제의 대수적해법에 대하여
황병욱,이광복 安東敎育大學 1968 論文集 Vol.1 No.1
There are two methods, that is, arithmetic and algebraic, to solve the algebraic structured verbal-problems in elementary school mathematics. The purpose of this paper is to determine the fundamental mathematical principles to solve the algebraic structured verbal-problems with the algebraic method and to show the possibility of introducing the method to pupils in elementary school. The linear equations were presented here using a few fundamental forms which were little different from what are used in junior high school. A sample of a fifth-grade class consisting of 59 pupils in an elementary school, Andong City, was experimented in two weeks. The post problem test to the experimental group showed several good results of this study as follows; 1. The algebraic method upon problem solving can be understood easily by the pupils in elementary school. 2. It leads to the improvement of pupil`s ability in problem solving more mathematically. 3. The two facts mentioned above suggest the possibility that pupils may be benefitted in his verbal-problem solving ability when the algebraic method is applied.
서울 강서지역 1개 대학병원에서 성인 급성 신우신염의 원인균과 항생제 감수성
황병연,이재갑,박대원,이연주,김성범,엄중식,손장욱,정희진,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5
목적 : 3년간 서울시 강서지역의 1개 대학병원에서 입원치료를 받은 성인 급성 신우신염 환자를 대상으로 원인균과 항생제 감수성을 조사하고, 향후 급성 신우신염의 초기 경험적 치료 항생제를 제안하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1999년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 3년간 고려대학교 의과대학 구로병원에 상부요로감염으로 내원한 16세 이상 환자 229명의 의무 기록을 검토를 통하여, 인구학적 특성, 원인균, 항생제 감수성, 초기 항생제 사용 양상과 입원기간을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연구에 포함된 229명을 118명의 단순 신우신염군과 111명의 복잡 신우신염군으로 구분 하였다. 단수 신우신염의 평균 발생 연령은 38.2세와 복잡 신우신염 56.1세로 복잡 신우신염 환자의 연령이 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 양군 모두에서 원인균 중 E. coli의 분리율이 가장 높았으며 항생제 감수성 결과 ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole에는 높은 내성률을 보였고, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime에 대한 감수성은 비교적 높았으나 복잡 신우신염의 경우 단순 신우신염에 비하여 ciprofloxacin, gentamicin에 대한 감수성이 다소 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 평균 입원 기간, 항생제 투여 기간에 있어서도 복잡 신우신염군에서 유의하게 길었다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과 서울의 강서 지역에서 대학병원급에 치료 의뢰되는 단순 급성 신우신염의 치료에 있어 1차 항생제로 3세대 cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, quinolone 중 한가지를 초기 경험적 치료제로 사용을 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background : The purpose of this study is to recommend the initial therapeutic regimen for adult patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN) according to the changes of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of causative microorganisms isolated from patients with APN. Methods : We reviewed medical charts of 229 APN patients, who had been treated at Korea University Guro Hospital from 1st of January. 1999 to 31st of December, 2001. We investigated the demographic data, clinical findings, durations of hospital treatment, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the causative microorganisms and initial antibiotic regimens in patients with APN. Results : In this study, 229 adult patients with APN were classified into simple APN patients (118 patients, 51.5%) and complicated APN patients (111 patients, 48.4%). Mean age of patients with simple APN was 38.2±14.1 years old and that of patients with complicated APN was 56.1±14.9 years old. Mean age of patients with complicated APN was significantly higher than that of simple APN patients (P<0.0001). Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism both in simple APN (96.7%) group and in complicated APN (90.6%) group. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was at the low level of ampicillin (31%/20%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (42.6%/34.2%) in each group. In contrast, ciprofloxacin (11.5%/22.7%), gentamicin (16.4%/22%) and cefotaxime (0%/8.2%) resistance remained at relatively lower level. In comparison of simple APN with complicated APN, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistances were higher in complicted APN group. Average duration of hospitalization (5.9±2.3 days/8.2±4.6 days) and duration of antibiotic use (12.1±3.9 days/15.3±10.0 days) were significantly longer in complicated APN. Conclusions: The results of this study suggests that 3rd cephalosporin, aminoglycoside or quinolone antibiotic would considered as one of the initial therapeutic regimen for patients with simple APN in southwestern Seoul.
연폭로 근로자들에서 적혈구 Pyrimidine 5'-Nucleotidase 활성도 및 요중 N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase 활성도와의 상관관계 연구
서홍규,이병국,황천현,장성훈,이성수,이원진,최재욱 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2
In this study, we measured the activity of the erythrocyte pyrimidin 5'-nuclectidase(P5N) and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) from 154 workers exposed to lead and 43 workers not exposed. We analyzed the correlation of the P5N activity and NAG activity with other biololgical exposure indices of lead such as blood lead(PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP). The measurement was performed by using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results are as follows : 1. The mean value of P5N activity for workers exposed to lead was 9.50±3.13 μmol uridine/hr/g Hb and 11.60±2.2 μmol uridine/hr/g Hb for workers not exposed. The P5N activity showed a normal distribution, but the other indices of lead showed logarithmic normal distributions. 2. The P5N activity and ZPP were decreased as PbB was increased. But the NAG activity had no correlation with changes of PbB. 3. The correlation coefficients of the P5N activity with other biological exposure indices of lead such as PbB, ZPP, NAG activity were -0.72, -0.55, and 0.05, respectively. We speculated that the P5N activity can be used as a reliable biological exposure index of lead but NAG activity can be used as a biological management index of lead.
이수일,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,조원근,김영실,강수용,황인경,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1
The authors examined human immunity indicators such as CD4, CD8, Natural Killer(NK) cell, IgG, IgA, and IgM, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd to evaluate the health hazard of welders. We selected total 126 male subjects, 60 welders who had more than 5 year working history as an exposure group, and 66 office workers and medical college students as a control group. This immunity evaluation approach is the first newly designed study that has never been tried in past studies on welder's heath evaluation. And the results were as follows. 1. Total lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was significantly higher in welder group, 2,615±650 ea/㎕ compared with 2,368±681 ea/㎕ in control group(p>0.05). 2. The proportion of CD4, CD8, NK cell in welder group was 37.5±9.4%, 24.0±8.8%, and 21.0±9.5%, respectively, and 35.5±6.5%, 25.0±6.9%, and 19.6±8.8% in control group. CD4 and NK cell were slightly higher, and CD8 was slightly lower in welder group. but there was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 3. IgG, IgA, and IgM in welder group were 15.9㎎/㎗, 2.7㎎/㎗ and 1.5㎎/㎗, respectively, and 15.6㎎/㎗, 2.9㎎/㎗ and 1.7㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 4. Blood lead, cadmium and chromium concentrations were 4.2±1.8㎍/㎗, 0.4±0.38㎍/㎗, 1.2±0.6㎍/㎗ in welder group and 3.2±1.7㎍/㎗, 0.44±0.29㎍/㎗, 1.1±0.6㎍/㎗ in control group, respectively, and these value were within normal ranges.
Hwang, Byung Wook,Lim, Jeong Hwan,Chae, Ho Jin,Ryu, Ho-Jung,Lee, Doyeon,Lee, Joong Beom,Kim, Hana,Lee, Soo Chool,Kim, Jae Chang Elsevier 2018 PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Vol.116 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption and desorption properties of MgO-based sorbents at pressures ranging from 1 to 20atm. The effects of desorption gas composition on regeneration was also investigated, using temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The MgO-based sorbents promoted with alkali metal nitrate without K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> had the highest CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture capacity and good regeneration properties, compared to MgO-based sorbents with both nitrates and K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>. Alkali metal nitrates play an important role in improving CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture capacity by providing channels for CO<SUB>2</SUB> diffusion. The addition of K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> causes sorbent aggregation, resulting in their deactivation. Also, the necessary regeneration temperature increased from 430°C to 650°C with an increase in the pressure and regeneration CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The MgO-based sorbent promoted with alkali metal nitrates shows the CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture capacity of about 400mg CO<SUB>2</SUB>/g sorbent during cyclic tests. </LI> <LI> Well-dispersed alkali metal nitrates play an important role in the formation of new diffusion channel of CO<SUB>2</SUB> molecular during CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption. </LI> <LI> The MgO-based sorbent promoted with alkali metal nitrates can be used as a CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorbent in the SEWGS process at high pressure. </LI> </UL> </P>