http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정승영,이양선 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2003 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.13 No.1
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss and analyze the students' errors in using the articles in English and to give some materials for the more efficient teaching of them. Chapter 2 deals with the two major theoretical hypotheses. Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis and Error Analysis Hypothesis. The first hypothesis maintains that the difficulty of second language acquisition lies in the interference of the structure of a mother language. The second hypothesis assumes that the most important factor of the learner's error is caused by the difficulty in acquiring the target language itself. Overgeneralization and language transfer are the two main sources of errors. The error analysis is also different from contrastive analysis in that error analysis does not assume the interference from mother tongue as the major source of error. Chapter 3 analyze the errors of the students. In order to investigate what factors cause learner's error. 200 students were chosen as an experimental group. The result of the experiment showed that in sources of errors interalingual transfer(40.3%) influenced the learners much than interlingual transfer(23.2%) did while the students learned the target language. The overgeneralization phenomena seem to be resulted from the excessive emphsis on the grammatical structures in the target language. Chapter 4 deals with the result of investigation in the actual use of articles. Especially, definite articles were overused in the interlanguage development process. On the other hand, the frequency of null article is far less than that of definite articles and indefinite articles but the error percentage of which is much lower than that of definite articles and indefinite articles. Thus we suggest that articles must be treated within framework of discourse, and thereby make learners aware of the roles and functions of articles in discourse or situational contexts. In conclusion, all the teachers should teach students the usages and rules of articles systematically and formally by presenting paragraphs and situational discourses so as to serve students' better uses of them.
( Yang Seon Yi ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Won Jin Kim ),( Min Jung Bae ),( Ji Hyun Kang ),( Bo Gwang Choi ),( Yun Kyung Jeon ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( Byung Joo Lee ),( Soo Geun Wang ),( In Joo Kim ),( Yong Ki Ki 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.2
Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic validity of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) when predicting the extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid cancer. Methods: All 2D data were interpreted in real time and 3D data were stored, rendered using tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI), and then reviewed retrospectively. Results: Extrathyroidal extension was present in 17 papillary thyroid cancers 24.3%) on pathology reports. The presence of contact was significantly associated with extrathyroidal extension on both 2D and 3D US (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003), and the sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different between 2D and 3D US (p = 1.000 and p = 0.754). The coexistence of protrusion and contact was not significantly associated with extrathyroidal extension on either 2D or 3D sonogram. Conclusions: Three-dimensional images rendered with TUI algorithms alone do not seem to be markedly superior to real-time 2D US in predicting the extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid cancer.
The risk factors for herpes zoster in bortezomib treatment in patients with multiple myeloma
Yi, Yang-Seon,Chung, Joo-Seop,Song, Moo-Kon,Shin, Ho-Jin,Seol, Young-Mi,Choi, Young-Jin,Cho, Goon-Jae,Lee, Gyeong-Won,Moon, Joon-Ho,Hwang, In-Hye,Ahn, Kang-Hee,Lee, Hee-Sun,Shin, Kyung-Hwa,Hwang, Jong Korean Society of Hematology; Korean Society of Bl 2010 Blood Research Vol.45 No.3
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Bortezomib has significant activity in treating multiple myeloma (MM). The risk of herpes zoster (HZ) has been reported to increase significantly with bortezomib treatment, but the predisposing factors for HZ are not clear. This study is a retrospective analysis of the relevant risk factors for HZ in Korean MM patients treated with bortezomib.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Sixty-six patients with refractory or relapsed MM who underwent chemotherapy with bortezomib were included in the study. Prophylactic antiviral drugs were not used for treatment. The following parameters were reviewed: age, gender, stage and type of MM, extent of previous treatment, history of HZ, duration from the time of diagnosis to the time of bortezomib treatment initiation, and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) at the time of bortezomib treatment initiation.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The incidence of HZ was 16.7%. There were no intergroup differences between the HZ-positive and the HZ-negative groups with regard to a history of HZ, number of previous treatments, and exposure to steroids before bortezomib treatment. The median duration from the time of MM diagnosis to the time of bortezomib treatment initiation in the HZ-positive group was significantly shorter than that in the HZ-negative group. The median ALC at the time of bortezomib initiation in the HZ-positive group was significantly lower than that in the HZ-negative group.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Bortezomib itself might act as a risk factor for HZ by inhibiting cell-mediated immunity, and patients with low ALC at the time of bortezomib treatment initiation were at greater risk of HZ during bortezomib treatment.</P>
( Hwa Seon Koo ),( Hyun Jeong Yi ),( Min Young Lee ),( Min Hye Choi ),( Na Young Sung ),( Yu Im Hwang ),( In Ok Song ),( Mi Kyoung Koong ),( Inn Soo Kang ),( Kwang Moon Yang ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.99 No.-
Objective: To evaluate whether increased peripheral blood inflammatory immune cell can induce decrease of uterine blood flow in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Methods: This study designed prospectively 33 pregnant women between 5 to 7 gestational weeks with a history of unexplained RSA included in this study. 47 normal pregnant women between 5 to 7 gestational weeks without history of infertility and/or RSA included as a control. Peripheral blood natural killer (pbNK) (CD3-/56+) fractions among peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) were checked by flow cytometry. Uterine color-pulsed Doppler trans-vaginal ultrasound for evaluation of uterine radial artery RI was checked. Uterine radial artery resistance index (RI) compared between study and control group. After then, uterine radial artery RI was compared between high pbNK cell fraction above 12.1% among PBMC and normal pbNK cells fraction below 12.1%. Correlation between pbNK cell fraction to uterine radial artery RI was also evaluated. Results: Uterine radial artery RI in early pregnancy was significantly higher in patients with RSA than that of normal control (0.60 ± 0.14 vs. 0.54 ± 0.12, P = 0.039). Especially, the mean value of uterine radial artery RI in RSA patients with elevated pbNK cells was significantly increased than that of normal control (0.62 ± 0.13 vs. 0.54 ± 0.12, P =0.029). Otherwise, pbNK cell fractions among PBMC displayed strong positive correlation to uterine radial artery RI (Pearson`s correlation coefficient P=0.001, r = 0.667). Conclusion: Increased pbNK cells can evoke decreased uterine blood flow by their pro-inflammatory action on micro vascular structure such as uterine radial artery. This can be a one causative mechanism of inducing spontaneous abortion by increased NK cells. But, larger scaled study is needed for clarify our results.
인터넷 홈페이지 제작사의 제작환경요인과 기업특성이 구매의사결정에 미치는 영향
양준열 ( Yang Joon-yeol ),이선규 ( Yi Seon-gyu ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2008 한국디자인포럼 Vol.21 No.-
본 연구는 기업들이 홈페이지를 통해 효과적인 광고와 마케팅활동을 하기 위해서는 고객기업특성에 맞는 홈페이지를 만들어야하고 그 과정에서 홈페이지 제작업체는 어떠한 요인에 의해서 선정되는지를 알아보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위해 먼저 홈페이지 제작환경요인들과 홈페이지 구매의사결정과정과의 인과관계를 살펴보고, 구매의사결정과정에 관련된 최고경영자의 성향과 기업이미지의 매개변수의 역할을 실증적으로 검증해 보고자 하였다. 연구결과 홈페이지 디자인 질과 가격 및 성과물이 구매의사결정에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 디자인 질이 구매의사결정에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 기업특성의 경우 최고경영자 성향, 기업이미지 모두 구매의사결정에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 최고경영자 성향이 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제작환경요인과 구매의사결정과의 관계에서 기업특성의 매개효과를 살펴보면 기업이미지만이 유의한 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 기술력 및 업력은 구매의사결정에 직접적인 영향을 주지 못하지만 기업이미지를 통해서 구매의사결정에 영향을 미치며, 기업이미지는 제작환경요인과 구매의사결정과의 관계에서 완전매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. The companies shall create the homepage satisfying the customers` characteristics as well as their own characteristics for effective advertising and marketing activities through the homepage. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors influencing on the selection of homepage creators. To this end, this study examined the causal relationship between the environmental factors of homepage creation and decision making process of homepage creation. Next, it will empirically verify the roles of parameters of corporate image and propensity of CEO related to the purchase decision making process. According to the results of research, the design quality, price and outcome of homepage have the significant impact on the purchase decision making process. In particular, the design quality had more impact on the purchase decision making process. For the corporate characteristics, the propensity of CEO and corporate image demonstrated the significant impact on the purchase decision, and especially the propensity of CEO showed more impact. In case of the mediating effect of corporate characteristics in the relationship with the environmental factors of production and purchase decision, only the corporate image indicated the significant relationship. While the technology and corporate capability couldn`t have direct impact on the purchase decision, the corporate image had impact on the purchase decision. The corporate image demonstrated the complete mediating effect in the relationship with the environmental factors of production and decision making.