사각 밀폐공간내에서 팬 위치가 가열 및 냉각에 미치는 영향

李雲,徐正世 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this study, numerical simulation is made for the cooling and heating process, by the fan installed within a rectangular enclosure. It is investigated from numerical analysis that the interaction between the natural convection and the forced convection affects the flow and temperature fields. Results are obtained from the variation of Reynolds number and the fan locations. Results show that for the lower value of Re the fan position has a great effect on the behaviors of flow and temperature fields due to the dominant natural convection. The cooling process becomes more rapid with the increasing of Re for the fan located below the middle side-wall of rectangular enclosure, while the heating process becomes more rapid with the increasing of Re for the fan located above the middle side-wall of rectangular enclosure.

2상2중쵸퍼를 이용한 축전지 충전제어

이정준,함년근,조정민,김동운,한경희 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Recently, increasing of portable, importance of battery has identified. And battery is used for non-utility generation and emergency power for communication power, it has researched for power of electric vehicle. But it is disadvantage that life cycle of battery is decreased by overcharging and overdischarging. In this paper, using two phase with combined step-down chopper, we controlled charging and discharging of battery. It is dereased ripple of current and charging time with continuous current by using two phase with combined step-down chopper. Detecting the full charging voltage and cut-off voltage, it is prohibit overcharging and overdischarging with microprocessor.

광선추적과 스펙트럼에 대한 교사와 중학생의 개념 유형 분석

이재봉,남경운,손정우,이성묵 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 교사와 학생들을 대상으로 광선추적과 스펙트럼에 대한 교사와 학생의 개념 유형을 비교하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 7학년 '빛 단원에서 가장 중요하다고 생각되는 핵심개념은 광선추적과 스펙트럼에 의해 파악할 수 있다고 전제하고, 이에 대한 교사와 학생의 개념 유형을 조사하였다. 연구 대상은 서울ㆍ경기지역 과학교사 10명과 이들에게 배운 학생 328명이다. 모든 검사문항은 광선추적법과 스펙트럼 방법을 적용하는 문항으로 구성하였다. 연구결과 광선추적과 스펙트럼에 대한 교사와 학생들의 개념유형에는 차이가 있었다. 또한 대부분의 교사와 학생들은 상이 생기는 근본원리에 대하여 정확하게 알지 못하였다. 광선추적법을 알지 못하여 반사와 굴절에 의한 상을 찾을 때, 물체에서 나온 두 개 이상의 광선을 그려서 상을 찾는 경우는 거의 없었고, 하나의 광선으로 임의의 위치에서 상을 찾거나 평소 암기하고 있던 상의 위치를 표시하였다. 그리고 색에 대하여는 교사와 학생들은 개념을 이해하지 못하고, 교사들은 학생들에게 원리에 대한 설명 없이 현상을 제시하였다. 즉 교사와 학생들은 색에 대해서 단순 암기하고 있었다. The purpose of this study is to understand the types of teacher and student's concept on ray-tracing and spectrum in middle school. This study suggest key-concepts that is most important to "Light" unit in the seven grades : the ray-tracing and the spectrum. We examined the types of teacher and student's concept. We selected 10 teacher and 328 students who had learned by 10 teachers in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The problems were composed with the question item regarding all ray-tracing or the spectrum. From the analysis, it was found that the types of teacher and student's concept on ray-tracing and spectrum is different. The most of teacher and student didn't understand the basic principle of image formation. In case of context about formation of image by reflection and refraction, because they don't know ray-tracing, they do not try to find the position of the image by drawing two rays. Most of them used one ray comes from the one position of the object and indicated the position of image by memorized position. Also almost there was not a case which uses a ray tracing accurately. In the case of understanding color, they didn't understand the concept of color(or spectrum) and teachers represented to students the color phenomena without explanation of principles. In the result teachers and students would learn color science by rote.

우주용 히트파이프의 열부하에 따른 성능실험 및 해석

이운,박영준,서정세 慶尙大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In this study, analysis and experiment are made for the thermal performance in spacecraft heat pipes. The mathematical models of two-phase flow in spacecraft heat pipe are presented for heat transfer limitations in steady state. Heat pipe used in this study has one evaporator, condenser and adiabatic section respectively. Experiments are performed in steady state with constant operating temperature maintained. Experimental data are presented for wall temperature versus axial length, heat transport factor versus operating temperature, and heat transport factor versus elevation respectively. Maximum heat transport factors are obtained for each of operating temperatures. Finally, Analytical predictions of the maximum heat transport factor are compared with those of experimental data.

성인에서 발생한 원발성 종격동 T세포 림프아구성 림프종 : 증례보고

이운하,정미희,정경순 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

림프아구성 림프종은 고등급 악성종양으로서 적절한 치료를 하지 않을시 빠르게 치명적인 경과로 진행한다. 원발성 종격동 림프종은 대부분 호지킨 림프종, 큰 B 세포 림프종(large B cell lymphoma), 림프모구 림프종(lymphoblastic lymphoma)이다. 원발성 T 세포 림프아구성 림프종은 성인에서 드문 형태의 종격동 림프종이며 영상학적 보고는 드물다. 이에 저자들은 성인에서 원발성으로 종격동에 발생한 T세포 기원의 림프아구성 림프종 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하고자 한다. Lymphoblastic lymphoma is high-grade malignancy and rapidly fatal course without appropriate treatment. It is well known as a highly malignant tumor in children, but is rare in adults. Radiologic report of lymphoblastic lymphoma is rare. We report here on a case of a primary mediastinal precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in a 46-year-old woman.

흰쥐에서 심정지후 Pentoxifylline이 뇌의 허혈-재관류 손상에 미치는 효과

정시경,김영민,오동렬,최경호,박승현,이운정,박규남,유은영,이원재,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Two major events occurring in the cerebral hemodynamics after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest are reactive hyperemia and postischemic hypoperfusion. In this study, we examined the effect of Pentoxifylline(PTX) on the rat brain following cardiac arrest. Methods: Fourteen rats were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. Cardiac arrest was produced by chest compression and clamping of tracheal tube for 3 minutes in ketamine anesthetized rats. Circulation was restored by standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods. In 7 rats, PTX 10mg/kg was infused at 10min after cardiac arrest(PTX group). In the other 7 rats, same amount of normal saline was infused(control group). Results: In both groups, hemodynamic variables, neurologic deficit(ND) score and histopathologic findings of hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed. Hemodynamic variables and ND score were not significantly different between two groups. Delayed ischemic neurons of hippocampal CA1 were decreased in PTX group(2.2±2.4%) compared with control group(9.1±1.2%). Conclusions: We conclude that PTX prevented development of delayed ischemic neurons in hippocampal CA1 after cardiac arrest. PTX may be useful in emergency situations following cardiac arrest.

肺 組織에서 胡桃 抽出液이 酸化性 細胞 損傷의 防禦棋戰에 미치는 影響

李佑憲,徐雲敎,鄭智天 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1997 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.1

胡桃는 補陽藥으로써 下焦를 溫補하고 元氣를 攝納하며 潤肺腎하는 效能이 있어 오래된 虛寒咳嗽, 喘息의 治療에 사용되어 왔는데 肺 組織內에서 酸索遊離基들에 依한 細胞 損傷의 防止 여부를 알아보기 爲하여 酸化劑인 t-butylhydroperoxide(t-BHP)와 H₂O₂로써 細胞 損傷을 유발한 후 胡桃 抽出液의 抗酸化 效果 및 抗酸化 酵素의 活性에 미치는 影響과 酸素遊離基에 對한 직접 消去效果를 調査하였다. 이 결과 胡桃는 肺 組織에서 脂質의 過酸化를 抑制함으로 oxidant에 依한 肺浮腫 誘發을 防止할 수 있음을 보여주었고 細胞內 glutathione의 濃度 및 抗酸化 酵素 中 catalase 와 superoxide dismutase 活性에는 變化를 유발하지 못하였으나 glutathione peroxidase의 活性을 有意하게 增加시켰으며, superoxide radical과 hydroxyl의 生成을 減少시켰다. 따라서, 肺 組織에서 酸化性 細胞 損傷에 對한 胡桃의 保護 效果는 부분적으로 細胞內 抗酸化 酵素의 活性 增加와 酸素遊離基들을 직접 消去시키는 作用에 起因하는 것으로 사료된다. This study was undertaken to determine whether Juglandis Semen extraction(JS) has a protective effect against the lung cell injury caused by oxidants, t-butylhydroperoxide(t-BHP) and H₂O₂in rabbit lung slices. JS significantly prevented an increase in water content indured by t-BHP. Similarly, JS slgnificantly prevented the lipid peroxidation induced by t-BHP. Cellular concentration of glutathione, and the activities of catalbase and superoxide dismutase were significantly not altered by 5% JS. However, JS at 5% concentration significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in oxidant-treated and control tissues. JS decreased directly the production of superxide or hydroxyl radical. These results indicate that JS prevents the cell injury and lipid peroxidation induced by oxidants in the lung. Such an antioxidant effort is attributed to enhancement of major endogenous antioxidant defence systems such as glutathione peroxidase and direct inhibition of oxygen free radical production.

정상 한국인에서 CRH, GHRH와 TRH를 이용한 복합뇌하수체 자극시험에 대한 성별 연령별 반응

이상훈,김성운,고관표,오승준,우정택,양인명,김진우,김영설 대한내분비학회 2004 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.19 No.1

연구배경: 인슐린을 대신하여 부신피질 자극호르몬 방출호르몬 (CRH)과 성장호르몬 방출호르몬 (GHRH)으로 복합뇌하수체 자극검사가 시행되고 있으나, 한국인에 있어서 정상 반응치에 관한 연구가 없고, 각각의 자극 호르몬의 연령이나 성별에 대한 반응의 차이는 보고되었지만 복합 자극검사에서의 연령별 성별 차이가 확립되지 않아 이를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 정상인 50대 남자 7명, 20대 남자 7명과 50대 여자 7명, 20대 여자 7명을 대상으로 CRH 100㎍,GnRH 100㎍, GHRH 100㎍, TRH 200㎍을 순서대로 동시에 정맥주사한 후 ACTH, GH, TSH, PRL, LH, FSH를 15∼30분 간격으로 2시간 동안 측정하였다. 결과: 1) TSH, PRL, LH의 분비 정도는 20대 남성과 50대 남성간의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, ACTH와 FSH는 50대 남성에서, GH는 20대 남성에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 2) 20대 여성과 50대 여성을 비교했을 때, FSH만 50대 여성에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았고, 나머지 호르몬들의 결과에서는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 50대군에서 GH와 LH는 남녀간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, ACTH는 남성에서 높게 나타났으며, Prolactin, FSH, TSH는 여성에서 통계학적으로 의미 있게 높았다. 결론: 연령, 성별과 월경주기 등에 따른 한국인의 복합뇌하수체 반응에 관한 더 자세한 연구가 요망된다. Backgroud: It has been already known that each trophic hormone in combined pituitary responsiveness according to gender and age brings about variable response, but in Korea, there has been no actual data. In this study, in order to assess the pituitary responsiveness, a combined pituitary stimulation test was performed in Korean subjects with the variation in CRH, GHRH, GnRH, and TRH according to their age and gender. Were these the variables that were changed according to age and gender? Clarify that. Also, it might be good to write out the abbreviations.) Method: Fourteen physically and mentally healthy male subjects and fourteen female subjects, also physically and mentally healthy, underwent the combined anterior pituitary stimulation test by CRH, GHRH, LHRH, and TRH. Each gender group was divided further into young (meanSE; male: 231, female: 221) and old (mean; male: 513, female: 522) groups. Results: There were significant differences between the gender and age groups. The Peak GH level and maximal GH increment were significantly increased in young men compared to old men. The Peak ACTH level and maximal ACTH increment were significantly increased in old men as opposed to young men. The Peak PRL level, maximal PRL increment, Peak TSH level, and maximal TSH increment were significantly increased in old women compared to old men. The Peak FSH level was significantly increased in the two old groups compared to the young groups, which showed independence in gender, and the maximal FSH increment was significantly increased in old men when compared with the young men. Conclusion: These results show that in order to for accurate interpretation of the response from the combined pituitary stimulation test, it is necessary to consider age and gender of the subjects. We suggest response values of the combined pituitary stimulation test in terms of age and gender in healthy Korean subjects (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 19:24∼32, 2004).

항파상풍 톡소이드 주사후 항파상풍 항체 역가

이한식,하영록,구홍두,장석준,심호식,김승환,이정운 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Objective : Tetanus decreased in prevalence since the systemic vaccination began in 1940s. Despite of the improvement in treatment like critical care with ventilatior or antibiotics, the mortality rate resides around 45%. Currently the tetanus prevention protocol recommends immunization in infancy and boosters every tenth years. Thereafter the immunization with toxoid only or toxoid plus immunoglobulin injections is recommended according to the type of injury. In most of ED in Korea, only tetanus immunoglobulin is given without any basis. Previously we proved the effect that passive immunization with the immunoglubulin 250 IU last long for only a month. At this time we measured the effect of the active immunization with toxoid and its effect was compared to the effect of the tetanus immunoglobulin to find out the logical tetanus prevention after an injury. Method: 20 healthy adult volunteers were injected with tetanus toxoid and their anti-tetanus antibody titers measured before the injection, 1 week and 4 weeks after the inection. No volunteers have taken any medication for chronic illness(e.g. hepatits, tuberculosis) or had an tetanus immunization or booster in the last 6 months. Antibody titers were measured by IMMUNOZYM??-TETANUS and t-test was performed on the results, Results: 1. Total 20 volunteers(12 males and 8 females) were participated. 2. Subjects` ages were 21 to 44 years old and there were no relevance to the antibody titer. 3. The antibody titers of before the anti-tetanus toxoid injection and 1 week, 4 weeks after the injection revealed significant difference and the antibody titers of the first and the forth week after the injection also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Currently in Korea, the tetenus immunoglobulin 250 IU given alone as tetanus prevention was injected, but it did not elevate the anti-tetanus antibody titer for 4 weeks where as tetanus toxoid injected intramuscularly did significantly. Therefore, tetanus toxoid should be given on the dirty injuries with additional tetanus immunoglobulin injection to accomplish the correct method of tetanus, tetanus toxoid prevention.

사회과 수행평가의 논리와 정착화 방안

김정호,박선미,이명희,강운선 한국사회과교육연구회 1999 사회과교육 Vol.- No.32

교육의 과정은 '교육과정 - 교과서 - 교수·학습 방법 - 평가'가 합목성에 따라 일관성을 유지하도록 진행되어야 하는데, 평가는 이 과정이 일관성을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 구실을 해야 한다. 평가 상황이 잘못되면 학습 방법도 왜곡되어 교육과정의 목표 자체가 제 구실을 하기 어렵다. 따라서, 사회과 평가는 사회과학적 탐구, 사회조사와 자료 분석 기능, 문제 상황의 해결 등 실제 학습 과정과 분리될 수 없다. 그러므로, 평가 체제 선택은 시행상의 효율성과 공정성보다도 평가 내용과 방법의 목표 적합성을 더 중요시해야 한다. 사회과 교육의 목표는 사회 현상(시간 - 공간 - 사회)에 대한 탐구 과정에서 이해한 체계적인 지식을 토대로 합리적인 문제 해결력을 지닌 민주 시민 양성에 있으므로, 수행평가는 이 목표에 가장 적합한 평가 방법이다. 사회과 수행평가를 시행하기 위해서는 교사가 시민교육이라는 목표가 맞는 학습 내용을 선정하고, 그에 따른 수업과 평가 계획을 세워서 교수·학습과정과 평가를 연계시켜야 한다. 이를 위한 이론적 기초를 사회과 교육의 전환 논리에서 찾을 수 있는데, 이는 불확정성의 존재론과 구성주의 인식론 및 다원적인 가치관에 터한 능동적 사회화라 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to develop theory and enforcement method of performance assessment in social studies. Examples developed are an inquiry process about the problems of urbanization, historical & soci-cultural newspaper making in high schools. Process of education must maintain consistence of 'curriculum - textbook - teaching learning method - evaluation'. There, goal - orientation is the best important factor more than efficiency and equity in evaluation. The goal of social studies is develop democratic citizenship through the study of political, economic, cultural, historical and geographical aspects of societies i n the past, present, and future for civics. But, social studies has long been devalued among students because of its failure to be relevant to their lives. The main reason is that contexts of textbooks as social science education arc absolute, difficult and separate, that teaching - learning process and evaluation are centered upon memorization of trivial facts and absolute concepts. Recently, social studies encompasses every aspect of human life to provide children a holistic view of people, places and situations. Therefore, social studies evaluation must be transfers from knowledge to how to know and what can doing about social life and social sciences. For example, the ability and process of rational decision making and problem solving as the goal of social studies and student-centered learning method must be evaluated. Performance assessments are most pertinent to the goal - oriented method in social studies evaluation.