연구논문 : 아마로 사용실태 및 향 선호도

김장순 ( Jang Soon Kim ),이종렬 ( Jong Ryol Lee ),박천만 ( Chun Man Park ) 한국미용학회 2006 한국미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for establishing a theory on aroma therapy by understanding Korean use and preference of aroma. The subjects of the study were 130 skin care specialists who worked for skin care salons and 410 general people in Daegu. The study was carried out through a questionnaire and inhalation test. The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to October 1, 2003. The result were as follows : 1. The rate of people who had experienced aroma less than 3 times was 40.5%. The rate of people who had not experienced aroma was 26.1%, who had experienced aroma massage was 33%, and who had inhaled aroma was 47.5%. The people who were older, wealthy, female, married, graduated from college were more experienced aroma(p<0.0l) and housewives in the thirties had more opportunities of experiencing aroma than other subjects. 2. General people preferred aroma Orange(66.3%) the most among 8 essential oils used in the test. The second preference was blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(26.1%). The third preference was the Lavender(25.8%). The order of preference in skin care specialists was Orange(83.3%), Lavender (48.8%), blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(42.9%), and blended oil with Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylangylang and Mandarin(26.2%). Both general people and skin care specialists disliked Teatree the most. 3. Lavender was more preferred by women than men (p<0.05) and Teatree was more preferred by men than women(p<0.0l). In particular, people in thirties liked Lavender the most(p<0.01). Teatree(p<0.001) and Sandalwood (p<0.05) were more preferred by married people than unmarried people. 4. The more educated people were, the more they liked the blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium, and Lemon(p<0.01). Housewives preferred Lavender(p<0.001) and Frankincense(p<0.05) and workers preferred Teatree(p<0. 001) and Sandalwood(p<0.05). As people were not healthy, they tended to prefer Teatree(p<0. 01) As people experienced essential oil, aroma massage and aroma inhalation more, they preferred Lavender and Frankincense. 5. Women`s average score was higher than men`s(women : 4.58, men: 4.18, total score: 6.0). Younger people more preferred aroma than older people(p<0.05). 6. 51.3% of specialists answered they used aroma for skin care less than one time a day, 35.7% of them used 2 or 3 times a day. 29.6% of specialists answered that the biggest difficulty in their work was the lack of knowledge of aroma. The next one was relationship with co-workers and pay(20.4%) and overwork was 13.9% 7. 37.3% of specialists had got massages 10~20 times from a skin care specialist and 31.7% of them had got massages less than 10 times. About experiencing aroma in everyday life, 42.9% of them experienced aroma 10~20 times and 28.6% of then experienced less then 10 times. 8. Generally, the more experienced people liked Lavender, Teatree, Sandalwood and Frankincense(p<0.05). 9. As a result of the survey on the specialists` preference, preferred oils were Lavender(22.4%), Rosemary (13.4%), Rose(10.1%), Jasmine(9.2%) and Orange(8.4%). Unpleasant oils were Teatree(16.0%), Yiangyiang(13.6%), Peppermint(9.9%) and Patchouli(8.6%). The specialists used Lavender the most (67.6%) in aroma therapy and used Rosemary(6.5%), Teatree(5.6%) and Peppermint(4.6%). In conclusion, the subjects` experience and knowledge of aroma were not high, and there was difference in preferences of aroma by their ages, gender, education, occupations, and experiences. However, both general people and the specialists had a difficulty in aroma use due to the lack of knowledge of aroma. So, if we apply aroma therapy to patients in consideration of their preferences, the best result will be expected. A systemic aroma education program for specialists is needed as soon as possible.

錦江水質에 關한 調査硏究

朴鍾聲,吳萬鎭 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1979 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.6 No.1

Water of river gets great concern about its quality, which might be polluted with pollutant from various industrial plants booming along the river sides in recent years. As a first step to prevent any applicable damage due to water pollution, survey on the water quality of Keum river at Sintanjin, Maepo, Taepyongri, Kongu, Puyeo and Kanggeng, six regions was conducted during september, 1977 through august, 1978 and the results were summarized as follows: 1. There were no significant regional and monthly difference in pH, NO_2-N, and NO_3-N of water. 2. The BOD at Puyeo, Kanggeng was 3.9 to 5.6, 5.6 to 6.0 ppm, respectively, and those values reached the limiting level for tap water sources. 3. The BOD at Maepo, where Daejeon streams meet, was found 1.9, 3.0, and 2.1 times higher than those at Sintanjin region, during september, october and november, respectvely. 4. Content of DO was 7.6±3.8 ppm in all surveyed regions and varied with water temperature and regional difference. 5. There were found regional difference and monthly difference in water hardness, suspended solid and NH_3-N.

切土비탈면의 優占植物과 植物被覆度에 미치는 因子들의 影響 : In Kyongnam Region 慶南지역을 대상으로

朴文秀,安鍾萬 順天大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

林道 개설 후 1∼10년이 경과한 6個郡 路線의 임도를 선정하고, 각 林道別롤 20m길이 단위의 조사구에 대한 植生調査와 道路構造 및 山林環境因子를 調査한 결과늘 요약하면 다음과 같다. 林道槪說 後 1년에서 10년이 경과한 임도의 平均 植物被覆度는 林道槪說 後 1년째 임도는 평균 1.2%의 피복을 보였으며, 2년째 8.4%, 3년째 20.9%였고, 점진적으로 증가하여 10년이 경과된 임도에서는 86.2%로 조사되었다. 조사된 148種 中 억새, 새, 사방오리나무, 쑥, 소나무, 산오리나무, 닭의장풀, 조개풀, 싸리, 복분자딸기 등이 우점식물로 조사되었다. 또한 地域別로는 全 地域에서 고르게 優占하는 식물종은 새, 쑥, 조개풀, 싸리, 복분자딸기 등이며, 억새는 양산, 하동, 함양에서, 사방오리나무는 남해, 합천에서, 구절초는 함양에서 각각 優占하는 식물로 調査되었다. 植物被覆度와 높은 상관을 보인 인자는 개설년도, 강수량, outslope型, 거리, inslope型, 습도, 토양경도, 첨식량, 비탈면물매 등이었다. 多衆回路分析을 통한 切土비탈면에서 植物侵入의 추정식에 관여하는 因子는 開設年度, 습도, 비탈면물매(R²=0.54)로 나타났다. 따라서 이 지역에서 절토비탈면을 조기에 녹화시켜 비탈면 안정을 가져오도록 하기 위해서는 주변환경을 고려하고 해당지역의 우점식물을 녹화수종으로 선택함이 필요하겠고, 현행보다 비탈면물매에 역점을 두는 등 환경친화적인 임도개설이 요구된다. To investigate the dominant species and factors related with plant coverage by road structures and forest environment factors, forest roads elapsed from on to ten years after construction had been selected in six county, and 20m segments were continuously set up in each road. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. In process of year, plant coverage increased gradually and average of plant coverage was 20.9% in forest roads which elapsed 3 year, and was 86.2% in forest roads which elapsed 10 years after construction. 2. The dominant species in the cutting slope of surveyed area were covered with Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Arundinella hirta, Alnus firma, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Pinus densiflora. Alnus hirsuta, Commelina communis, Arthraxon hispidus and Lespedeza bicolor of the 148 species. 3. The high correlated factors between plant coverage and variables in cutting slope appeared construction year, precipitation, outslope, distance, inslope, humid, hardness, erosion and slope in surveyed area. 4. Through the multiple regression analysis, construction year, humid and slope(R²=0.54) were significant to explain the multiple regression about plant coverage on cutting slope.

강진만에서 미생물의 년 변화

박종천,오재영,정용욱,주현수,이원교,유춘만,이우범 國立 麗水大學校 환경문제硏究所 2001 環境硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The biological surveys were performed at seven sites in the Gangjin bay from February, 1998 to November, 2001. In order to analysis of environmental variation, numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, general fungus and fecal coliforms were enumerated in each sample. The result showed that variation range of heterotrophic bacteria, general fungus, and fecal coliforms were 2.9 x 10^(3)~9.6 x 10^(3) CFU/ml, 17.2~80.1 CFU/ml, and 6.3~682.5 CFU/100ml for four tears(1988~2001), respectively. Density of heterotrophic bacteria and general fungus were gradually decreased for four tours, while fecal coliforms were suddenly increased. Specially, numbers of fecal colifoms were increased the more 100 times in 2001 than that 1998. We think that it was probably caused a little rainfall in February, 2001. There result suggests that ecosystem of Gangjin bay were mainly regulated by 2~3 factors, which were inflow of fresh water, salinity and variation of water temperature.

거제지역 당뇨병 및 고혈압 환자의 복합질병 위험요인

박필숙,정기만,김종현,백지현,박미연 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to compare the correlation of clinical characteristics and patterns of disease. Subjects of the study were the adults(207) living in Geoje City, the diabetes mellitus and the hypertension patients(166) and the normal people(41). In the diabetes mellitus group and the hypertension group, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholestero LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index(AI) were significantly high. As the obesity index was getting higher, the blood pressure of the diabetes mellitus group was high, and the HDL-cholesterol of the hypertension group was low, but AI of it was significantly high. The AI was significantly high as serum lipid index were getting higher in both groups. The rate of the prevalence was very high in the diabetes mellitus group(74.3%) and the hypertension group(73.7%). The pattern in the diabetes mellitus group was in order of the hypertension, the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity but, in the hypertension group was the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity. The obesity index and serum lipid index of complex patient group were higher than single patient group.

유동층 생물반응기의 구조변화에 따른 하수처리

박종만,이재용,김철경,고창웅,김남기 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the biofilm reactors capable of doing high efficiency treatment. Vertical fluidized bed biofilm reactor(VFBBR) and spiral fluidized bed biofilm reactor(SFBBR) was used for their performence in biodegradation of artificial sewage. The factors influencing the efficiency of those reactors were compared with difference of physical condition. They had same size but different structure to gain access of its unique characteristics. When recycle solution with flow rate of 22 mL/min and artificial sewage with flow rate of 2-10 mL/min were fed into two reactors in aerobic state, the average COD, removal rate for biodegradation of SFBBR was greater than VFBBR. After reactor feed sewage was constantly maintained as flow rate of 4 rnL/min and the recycle solution were changed to 10-32 mL/min respectively, the average COD,, removal rate of artificial sewage in SFBBR was greater than VFBBR. In this experiment for addition of support media into two reactors SFBBR was 4.1% excellent than VFBBR. Above all, SFBBR excelled VWBR in boidegradation of organic matter in sewage.

甘桔湯 및 甘桔湯 加味方의 解熱 , 消炎 , 祛痰 작용에 대한 연구

박만석,손영종,이영종 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Objects : Gamgiltant, which is in common use of laryngopharyngeal disease, consists of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Placotycodi Radix. Author intended to find out the efficacy of Kami-gamgiltant(added Houttuyniae Herba, Schizandrae Fructus and Sterculliae lychnophorae Semen, which are good for respiratory disease, to Gamgiltant) for the purpose of developing a recipe effective for sphagitis or bronchitis. Methods : After oral administration of Gamgiltang or Kami-gamgiltant to rats, the efficacies of antipyretics, antiinflammation and discharge of phlegm are figured. After inducing the rats to be feverish by injecting LPS(10㎍ LPS/㎏ body weight) of Serratia marcescens into caudal vein of them, rectal temperatures were taken to prove antipyretic effect. After inducing the rats to be edematous by injecting 0.1% of carrageenin into hind paw, the volumes of hind paw were measured to prove antiinflammatory effect. To testify the effect on discharge of phlegm, after administrating the decoctions to rats, quantity of mucous in their throat are measured. Also by aspirating 250ppm of sulfur dioxide 2 and half hours a day during 12 days, rats were induced laryngopharyngeal infections. Then adminstrating the decoction since 5th day of aspiration, the numbers of leukocyte were figured with the object to identify microbial infections. Results : 1) Gamgiltang and Kami-gamgiltant have antipyretic effects on pyrexia induced by LPS injection. Also the latter recovered quickly than the former. 2) Gamgiltant and Kami-gamgiltang have antiedematous effects on edema induced by carrageenin injection. Also the latter shows a quick recovery than the former. 3) Gamgiltant and Kami-gamgiltang have no effect on normal mucous tissue in their throat. 4) The decoction of Gamgiltang has an effect on inflammation induced by exposure to sulfur dioxide, but the Kami-gamgiltant doesn't. Conclusion : Gamgiltang and Kami-gamgiltant could be effective for laryngopharyngeal disease.

한국산 나비 目(Lepidoptera)의 발향린(Androconia)에 관한 주사전자현기경적 연구 III. 네발나비科

박원학,류성만,서경인,이종욱 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

한국산 네발나비과에 보고된 77종 중 북한산 12종과 채집하지 못한 21종을 제외한 44종, 670여 개체를 재료로 광학현미경으로 발향린의 유무 및 분포를 확인하였다. 이중 발향린이 관찰된 10종을 대상으로 주사전자현미경으로 그 형태를 비교 연구하였다. 1. 발향린이 관찰된 종은 Brentis ino(R.), Argyronome laodice (P.). A. ruslana (M.). Damora sagana (D.), argynnis paphia (L.), Childrena zenobia (L.), Speyeria aglaja (L.), Fabriciana pallescens (B.), F. adippe (L.), F. nerippe(c.et R. F.) 10종이다. 2. 발향린은 암컷에서는 관찰되지 않았고, 수컷이 앞날개 표면에서만 관찰되었으며, 시맥위에서만 분포한다. 3. 확인, 관찰된 10종의 발향린은 나발막(fimbriae), 경부(neck), 잎새(laminar), 자루병반(foot stalk) 등 발향린의 전형적인 모양을 나타내었으며, 동종내 개체간 변이는 관찰되지 않았다. 4. Argyronome laodice, A. ruslana, Damora sagana, argynnis paphia, Childrena zenobia, Fabriciana pallescens 등 6종에서는 2가지 형태의 발향린이 관찰되었다. 5. 본 연구에서 관찰한 10종은 Subfamily Argynninae아과의 Argynnini족에서만 관찰되었으며, 관찰된 발향린중 Type ⅠⅠ의 형태는 종간에 큰 차이점이 없었고, Type Ⅰ은 많은 형태적 차이를 보이므로 분류학적으로 중요한 형질이라 사료된다. this paper observed through microscope the existance and the distribution of the androconia of the 44 species Nymphalidae among 77 ones that have been reported in Korea, excluding 12 species in North Korea and 21 one's not collected ten species that were observed the androconia among those were chifely compared and studied through Scanning Electron Microscope. 1. The 10 species that observed androconia is Brentis ino(R.), Argyronome laodice (P.). A. ruslana (M.). Damora sagana (D.), Argynnis paphia (L.), Childrena zenobia (L.), Speyeria aglaja (L.), Fabriciana pallescens (B.), F. adippe (L.), F. nerippe(C. et R. F.) 2. The androconia was not found at the female, but only on the dorsal surface of male's fore wings. 3. The androconia of 10 species was not observed intraspecific seasonal variation and individual variation. It was appeared the androconia as general type of fimbriae, neck, laminar and foot stalk. 4. Two types(typeⅠ and Ⅱ) of androconia were observed at the species of Argyronome laodice, A. ruslana, Damora sagana, Argynnis paphia, Childrena zenobia, Fabriciana pallescens. 5. According to this study, the androconia of 10 species observed only Argynnini, subfamily Argynniae. The type Ⅱ of the androconia similar to between species but type Ⅰ was observed multitudes of morphological difference. These difference of type Ⅰ was very important taxonomical characters.

충남대학병원에서 최근 정도관리

박종우,최석우,송만수 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

Nine trials of general chemistry and eight trials of blood gas were performed for external quality assessment of clinical chemistry using commercial control sera in 1994 in Korea. Test items of general chemistry were sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and LDH. Test items of blood gas were pH, pO_2 and pCO_2. The mean of each item in general chemistry and in blood gas were used as designated target value for the calculation of Variance index score(VIS), respectively. Variance index score(VIS) system are used to evaluate the performance of participant's quality control. Also coefficient of variation(CV) was given as guidance of each method. Mean CV of 14 items except enzyme tests was 7.0% and the range was 2.4-12.7%. T he CV's of glucose, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol are better than last year. Mean VIS of 16 items in general chemistry was 57 and the performance of 11 items was improved than mean. In blood gas control, the range of mean CV was 0.2% in pH, 11% in pO_2, and 7.0% in pCO_2. The range of mean CV of blood gas in each trial was 0.1-0.3% in pH, 8.8-14.5%- in pO_2 and 5.1-16.9% in pCO_2.

편측 협응훈련에 의한 운동신경망의 재조직 및 교차훈련의 효과

박지원,김종만,서정환,김연희 한국전문물리치료학회 2002 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.3

We report the reorganization of motor network resulted from intensive unilateral coordination training and the effect of cross education on the untrained side in patient with traumatic brain injury using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A 22 year-old male patient who had suffered from diffuse axonal injury for 58 months showed coordination deficit in the left hand at initial examination. Intensive motor training including complex finger movements and coordination activities using a metronome was introduced to the patient 4 hours per day for a week. FMRI was performed on a 3T ISOL Forte scanner. All functional images were analyzed using SPM-99 software. Hand function was improved after training not only in the trained lefr hand, but also in the untrained right hand. There was no activation in the right primary motor area (M1) during left hand movement before training whereas robust activation of left M1 was demonstrated by the right hand movement. Profuse activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes was seen during both hand movements before training. After training of left hand, right M1 became prominently activated during the left hand motion. The activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes disappeared after training not only for the left hand movement but also for the right, which clearly demonstrated the effect of cross education. This case report demonstrated the learning-dependent reorganization of the M1 and the effect of cross education.