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Device Wafer의 종점 전후에 있어서 광역평탄화 특성에 관한 연구
정해도,김호윤 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1996 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.51 No.-
화학적 기계적 폴리싱(CMP)은 반도체 제조에서 다층구조의 평탄화에 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 패턴의 형상·물질 차이, 여러 가지 가공 변수와 아직 확립되지 않은 실제 가공 모델링 등으로 인하여 완전한 평탄화를 얻기는 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 에치 백 방법 대신 메탈(텅스텐) 폴리싱에 따르는 절연산화막의 평탄화를 실현하였다. CMP 가공동안의 패턴 형상 평가는 AFM을 사용하였다. AFM 평가는 다른 일반적인 평탄도 측정에 비해서 미소 측정에 상당히 효과적이었다. 더불어 평탄화 특성 분석과 CMP 모델링 확립에 크게 기여할 것이다. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become widely accepted for the planarization of multi-interconnect structures in semiconductor manufacturing. However, perfect planarization is not so easily achieved because it depends on the pattern sensitivity, the large number of controllable process parameters, and the absence of a reliable process model, etc. In this paper, we realized-the planarization of deposited oxide layers followed by metal (W) polishing as a replacement for tungsten etch-back process for via formation. Atomic force microscope (AFM) is used for the evaluation of pattern topography during CMP. As a result, AFM evaluation is very attractive compared to conventional methods for the measurement of planarity. Moreover, it will contribute to analyze planarization characteristics and establish CMP model.
김윤정,김해림,박시내,윤종현,이상헌,박성환,김호연 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.4
순수어농이란 발성언어에 대한 이해와 반복에 장애를 보이지만 읽기, 쓰기, 비발성언어에 대한 이해는 보존되는 경우를 일컫는다. 저자들은 45세 루푸스 환자에서 루푸스 혈관염으로 인해 일차 청각 피질을 포함한 왼쪽 관자이랑에 뇌경색이 발생하여 초래한 순수어농 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Pure word deafness is characterized by an impairment of auditory comprehension and repetition of speech while a preservation of reading, writing, spontaneous speech and ability to comprehend non-verbal sounds. It is caused by trauma, infection in the temporal lobe of brain. In most cases, the lesions are bilateral, in the middle third of superior temporal gyri, but in a few cases unilateral lesions of dominant temporal lobe are localized. We experienced a case of 45 year-old right handed wonman with systemic lupus erythemato년 (SLE) who presented pure word deafness after left temporal lobe infarction including primary auditory center. Her comprehension was impaired, while reading and visual comprehension were normal. Audiometric tests and auditory evoked potentials disclosed no hearing defect. Brain MRI showed a left temporal lobe infarction without abnormal vascular finding in MRA. She wasdiagnosed as pure word deafness due to SLE vasculitis and managed with high dose steroid and cyclophosphamide therapies.
이혜영,서윤정 대전대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 Vol.6 No.-
The objective of this paper was to identify the relationship between Pop art and fashion illustration in relation to its techniques of fashion illustration, particularly collage. As the result of this study, it was found the followings. Pop art was characterized as popular, mass production, mass media, photograph, youth and modern. Also 60's fashion illustration expressed the image of Pop art. Collage techniques is used one of several fashion illustration expression. It was distinguishable according to object, various materials of collage and how to express is fashion illustration, which is flat object or not. Hamilton, Wahol, Antonio, Bill Donovan, Mat Gustavson, Zoltan showed fashion illustration using by collage techniques of Pop art or development of collage techniques, that is Graffito, Assemblage, photographic Montage
-G308A Tumor Necrosis Factor-α 유전자 다형성과 주요 우울장애의 연합연구
배치운,오해정,채정호,박원명,전태연,한훈,김광수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.2
Objectives : The present study was to examine possible association between the - G308A tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene polymorphism and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Korean. Methods : 108 inpatients with MDD and 125 healthy controls participated in this study. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results : Genotype and allele distributions in patients with MDD (p=0.02, P=0.01, respectively), were significantly different from those of the controls. Conclusion : The present study suggests that the -G308A TNF-α gene polymorphism may have a potential role for the susceptibility to MDD in Korean population.
( Hae Jeong Youn ),( Soo Young Kim ),( Minji Park ),( Won Hee Jung ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2016 Annals of Dermatology Vol.28 No.6
Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a multifactorial disease; Malassezia species play an important role in its pathogenesis. Objective: We aimed to determine whether a cream containing climbazole/piroctone olamine (C/P cream), antifungal agents with expected efficacy against Malassezia species, could improve SD symptoms. Methods: We instructed 24 patients with mild-to-moderate SD to apply the C/P cream and emollient cream on the right and left sides of the face, respectively, every morning and evening for 4 weeks. The casual sebum level (measured with Sebumeter<sup>ⓡ</sup>; Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Germany) and the extent of erythema (measured with Mexameter<sup>ⓡ</sup>; Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH) on the face were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks. The minimal inhibitory concen-tration (MIC) was determined to demonstrate the antifungal activity of the C/P cream. Results: The casual sebum level and erythema were measured at week 4, and the median values demonstrated a quantitative improvement on the C/P cream-treated right side of the face compared to the emol- lient cream-treated left side. For the C/P cream, the MICs were 0.625, 5, 0.625, and 2.5 mg/ml for Malassezia restricta, M. globosa, M. sympodialis , and M. slooffiae, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the reduced casual sebum level and extent of erythema, the antifungal activity of C/P cream against Malassezia species seems useful for the treatment of mild to moderate SD. (Ann Dermatol 28(6) 733∼739, 2016)
A case of hair foreign body in the sole of a pediatric patient
( Hae Jeong Youn ),( Min Seok Hur ),( Hye In Cheon ),( Song Hee Han ),( Byung Gon Choi ),( Min Jung Kim ),( Nam Kyung Roh ),( Soo Young Kim ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.1
Patients occasionally present with a hair strand penetrating into a body part after they fail to remove the vertically or obliquely imbedded short hair. However, a long hair strand invading into the skin in a curved shape, parallel to the epidermis, is much more uncommon. The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer, is stacked up with corneocytes, which act as a physical barrier. Palms and soles have thicker stratum granulosum and SC. However, infant skin has thinner epidermis, and the SC with smaller corneocytes up to the second year of life may be susceptible to foreign body invasion. We report a case in which a 2-year-old boy presented to us with an unusually shaped long hair that had penetrated into the epidermis of the sole. This case provided an opportunity to consider the skin structure and skin development in an infant, whose skin is more vulnerable to foreign body intrusion.
( Hae Jeong Youn ),( Hye In Cheon ),( Min Seok Hur ),( Byung Gon Choi ),( Song Hee Han ),( Min Jung Kim ),( Soo Young Kim ),( Nam Kyung Roh ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2
<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induces androgenic alopecia by shortening the hair follicle growth phase, resulting in hair loss. We previously demonstrated how changes in the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile influenced DHT-mediated cell death, cell cycle arrest, cell viability, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senescence. Protective effects against DHT have not, however, been elucidated at the genome level. Objectives: We wanted to show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, protects DHT-induced cell death by regulating the cellular miRNA expression profile. Methods: We used an miRNA microarray to identify miRNA expression levels in human dermal papilla cells DPCs). We investigated whether the miRNA expression influenced the protective effects of EGCG against DHT-induced cell death, growth arrest, intracellular ROS levels, and senescence. Results: EGCG protected against the effects of DHT by altering the miRNA expression profile in human DPCs. In addition, EGCG attenuated DHT-mediated cell death and growth arrest and decreased intracellular ROS levels and senescence. A bioinformatics analysis elucidated the relationship between the altered miRNA expression and EGCG-mediated protective effects against DHT. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that EGCG ameliorates the negative effects of DHT by altering the miRNA expression profile in human DPCs.