Production and characterization of melanin pigments derived from Amorphotheca resinae

Oh Jeong-Joo,Kim Jee Young,Kwon Sun Lul,Hwang Dong-Hyeok,Choi Yoon-E,Kim Gyu-Hyeok 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.8

As melanin has emerged as functional pigment with cosmetic, health and food applications, the demand for the pigments is expected to increase. However, the conventional sources (e.g. mushroom, hair, and wool) of melanin production entail pigments inside the substrates which requires the costly extraction procedures, leading to inappropriate scalable production. In this study, we screened 102 of fungal isolates for their ability to produce melanin in the supernatant and selected the only Amorphotheca resinae as a promising candidate. In the peptone yeast extract glucose broth, A. resinae produced the melanin rapidly during the autolysis phase of growth, reaching up 4.5 g/L within 14 days. Structural characterization of the purified melanin from A. resinae was carried out by using elemental analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with the standard melanins. The results indicate that the structural properties of A. resinae melanin is similar to the eumelanin which has a wide range of industrial uses. For example, the purified melanin from A. resinae has the potent antioxidant activities as a result of free radical scavenging assays. Consequently, A. resinae KUC3009 can be a promising candidate for scalable production of industrially applicable melanin.

Lotus (Nelumbo nuficera) flower essential oil increased melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes

Songhee Jeon,Nan-Hyung Kim,Byung-Soo Koo,Ji-Young Kim,이애영 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.7

In this study, the essential oil from lotus flower extract, including petals and stamens, was assessed with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in human melanocytes. The lotus flower essential oil was shown to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The lotus flower essential oil induced the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia- associated transcription factor M (MITF-M), and tyrosinase-related proten-2 (TRP-2) proteins, but not tyrosinase mRNA. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In order to verify the effective components of the lotus flower oil, its lipid composition was assessed. It was found to be comprised of palmitic acid methyl ester (22.66%), linoleic acid methyl ester (11.16%), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (7.55%) and linolenic acid methyl ester (5.16%). Among these components, palmitic acid methyl ester clearly induced melanogenesis as the result of increased tyrosinase expression, thereby indicating that it may play a role in the regulation of melanin content. Thus, our results indicate that lotus flower oil may prove useful in the development of gray hair prevention agents or tanning reagents. In this study, the essential oil from lotus flower extract, including petals and stamens, was assessed with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in human melanocytes. The lotus flower essential oil was shown to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The lotus flower essential oil induced the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia- associated transcription factor M (MITF-M), and tyrosinase-related proten-2 (TRP-2) proteins, but not tyrosinase mRNA. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In order to verify the effective components of the lotus flower oil, its lipid composition was assessed. It was found to be comprised of palmitic acid methyl ester (22.66%), linoleic acid methyl ester (11.16%), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (7.55%) and linolenic acid methyl ester (5.16%). Among these components, palmitic acid methyl ester clearly induced melanogenesis as the result of increased tyrosinase expression, thereby indicating that it may play a role in the regulation of melanin content. Thus, our results indicate that lotus flower oil may prove useful in the development of gray hair prevention agents or tanning reagents.

A comparison of different gingival depigmentation techniques: ablation by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and abrasion by rotary instruments

이광명,이동열,신승일,권영혁,정종혁,허익 대한치주과학회 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare two different gingival depigmentation techniques using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and rotary instruments. Methods: Two patients with melanin pigmentation of gingiva were treated with different gingival depigmentation techniques. Ablation of the gingiva by Er:YAG laser was performed on the right side, and abrasion with a rotary round bur on the opposite side. Results: The patients were satisfied with the esthetically significant improvement with each method. However, some pigment still remained on the marginal gingival and papilla. The visual analog scale did not yield much difference between the two methods, with slightly more pain on the Er:YAG laser treated site. Conclusions: The results of these cases suggest that ablation of the gingiva by an Er:YAG laser and abrasion with a rotary round bur is good enough to achieve esthetic satisfaction and fair wound healing without infection or severe pain. Prudent care about the gingival condition, such as the gingival thickness and degree of pigmentation along with appropriate assessment is needed in ablation by the Er:YAG laser procedure. Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare two different gingival depigmentation techniques using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and rotary instruments. Methods: Two patients with melanin pigmentation of gingiva were treated with different gingival depigmentation techniques. Ablation of the gingiva by Er:YAG laser was performed on the right side, and abrasion with a rotary round bur on the opposite side. Results: The patients were satisfied with the esthetically significant improvement with each method. However, some pigment still remained on the marginal gingival and papilla. The visual analog scale did not yield much difference between the two methods, with slightly more pain on the Er:YAG laser treated site. Conclusions: The results of these cases suggest that ablation of the gingiva by an Er:YAG laser and abrasion with a rotary round bur is good enough to achieve esthetic satisfaction and fair wound healing without infection or severe pain. Prudent care about the gingival condition, such as the gingival thickness and degree of pigmentation along with appropriate assessment is needed in ablation by the Er:YAG laser procedure.

Changes in Skin Color after Smoking Cessation

조영혜,정동욱,서상희,이상엽,최은정,김윤진,이정규,이유현,배미진,진현우 대한가정의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.33 No.2

This study was performed to assess changes in skin color over 1 month after smoking cessation. The study population consisted of 49 men who participated in a smoking cessation program from March 2010 to June 2010 at a public health centre in Yangsan, South Korea. Thirty-four men who stop smoking completely were included in our study. Instrumental evaluations of skin color were performed using Mexameter (MX 18; Courage and Khazaka Electronic GmbH) at the beginning of the study and at 1-week and 4-week follow-up visits. Skin color was evaluated by measurement of 2 main color bases-melanin and haemoglobin-with the results expressed as melanin index (MI) and erythema index (EI). Both MI and EI were signifi cantly reduced at the 4-week follow-up visit on all 7 sites measured. We anticipate that desirable effects on skin color after smoking cessation will play a positive role in maintaining smoking abstinence in routine clinical practice.

Changes in Skin Color after Smoking Cessation

Cho, Young Hye,Jeong, Dong Wook,Seo, Sang Hee,Lee, Sang Yeoup,Choi, Eun Jung,Kim, Yun Jin,Lee, Jeong Gyu,Lee, Yu-Hyun,Bae, Mi Jin,Chin, Hyun Woo The Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2012 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.33 No.2

<P>This study was performed to assess changes in skin color over 1 month after smoking cessation. The study population consisted of 49 men who participated in a smoking cessation program from March 2010 to June 2010 at a public health centre in Yangsan, South Korea. Thirty-four men who stop smoking completely were included in our study. Instrumental evaluations of skin color were performed using Mexameter (MX 18; Courage and Khazaka Electronic GmbH) at the beginning of the study and at 1-week and 4-week follow-up visits. Skin color was evaluated by measurement of 2 main color bases-melanin and haemoglobin-with the results expressed as melanin index (MI) and erythema index (EI). Both MI and EI were significantly reduced at the 4-week follow-up visit on all 7 sites measured. We anticipate that desirable effects on skin color after smoking cessation will play a positive role in maintaining smoking abstinence in routine clinical practice.</P>

Modulation of Melanogenesis by Heme Oxygenase-1 via p53 in Normal Human Melanocytes

임희선,Suna Jin,윤숙정 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.1

As a key regulator of melanogenesis, p53 controls microphthalmia-associated transcriptionfactor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression. The anti-oxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced by various forms of cellular stress and diverse oxidativestimuli. However, few studies have examined the role of HO-1 in melanogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of HO-1 in melanogenesisand the mechanism underlying this relationship. Cultures of normal human melanocyteswere treated with the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or the HO-1inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). We then measured the melanin content of thecells. Additional analyses consisted of Western blotting and RT-PCR. The resultsshowed that the cellular melanin content was increased by CoPP and decreased byZnPP. The Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that CoPP increased p53, MITFand tyrosinase levels, and ZnPP reduced all of them. The knockdown of p53 by siRNAtransfection was followed by large decreases in the expression levels of p53, MITF andtyrosinase at 3 h of transfection. The presence of CoPP or ZnPP had no significant increasedor decreased effects on MITF and tyrosinase levels from 15 h in the siRNAtransfectants. Our results suggest that HO-1 modulates melanogenesis in human melanocytesvia a p53-dependent pathway.

Melanotic Oncocytic Metaplasia of the Nasopharynx Seen as a Rare Form of Cystic Mass: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

이근익,김용완 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2022 임상이비인후과 Vol.33 No.1

Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia (MOM) of the nasopharynx is an extremely rare benign lesion which is characterized by the presence of usually a small, pigmented lesion near the Eustachian tube opening, but never reported the form of cyst without pigmentation. A 76-year-old man who had a symptom with globus pharyngeus for 3 months was presented to otolaryngology clinic. The lesion was found as a rare form of cystic mass without pigmentation through endoscopic examination. Microscopically, there were well-formed glandular structured oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Scattered brown pigments were also noted, which were positive for S-100 and negative for HMB-45 in immunohistochemistry. He was diagnosed with MOM of the nasopharynx. MOM of the nasopharynx should be always taken into consideration about its various clinical forms as a benign mimicker of malignant melanoma.

비인두에 발생한 Melanotic Oncocytic Metaplasia(MOM) 1예

박근형,지창록,고태경,이화선 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2020 임상이비인후과 Vol.31 No.1

Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia (MOM) of the nasopharynx is a rare lesion that occurs mostly in Asian men in their 60s to 70s who are heavy smokers. Although it is a benign lesion, it’s sometimes mistaken for malignant melanoma, nevus or early nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A 75 year-old male visited our outpatient clinic with hearing loss that occurred a week earlier. Otoscopic findings revealed left serous otitis media. A nasopharyngoscopic examination to rule out a malignant tumor in the nasopharynx revealed multiple black nodules in the left torus tubarius and left nasal floor. Under local anesthesia, some of nodules were excised for histopathology. The histological examination revealed oncocytic metaplasia of mucous glands and the presence of numerous browncolored melanin pigments. Immunohistochemically, S 100-positive and HMB 45-negative dendritic melanocytes were identified. During 3 months of regular follow up, there was no recurrence at the excision site and no expansion of the remaining lesion.

Effect of xanthohumol on melanogenesis in B16 melanomacells

구정현,김형태,Ha-Yong Yoon,권강범,최일환,정성후,김한욱,박병현,박진우 생화학분자생물학회 2008 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.40 No.3

Xanthohumol (XH), the principal prenylflavonoid of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.), dose-dependently inhibited isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, with little cytotoxicity at the effective concentrations. Decreased melanin content was accompanied by reduced tyrosinase enzyme activity, protein and mRNA expression. The levels of tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 mRNAs were decreased by XH. XH also inhibited α-melanocyte stimulating hormone- or forskolin-induced increases in melanogenesis, suggesting an action on the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway. XH downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of microphthalmia- associated transcription factor (MITF), a master transcriptional regulator of key melanogenic enzymes. These results suggest that XH might act as a hypo-pigmenting agent through the downregulation of MITF in the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway.

A comparison of different gingival depigmentation techniques: ablation by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and abrasion by rotary instruments

Lee, Kwang-Myung,Lee, Dong-Yeol,Shin, Seung-Il,Kwon, Young-Hyuk,Chung, Jong-Hyuk,Herr, Yeek Korean Academy of Periodontology 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare two different gingival depigmentation techniques using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and rotary instruments. Methods: Two patients with melanin pigmentation of gingiva were treated with different gingival depigmentation techniques. Ablation of the gingiva by Er:YAG laser was performed on the right side, and abrasion with a rotary round bur on the opposite side. Results: The patients were satisfied with the esthetically significant improvement with each method. However, some pigment still remained on the marginal gingival and papilla. The visual analog scale did not yield much difference between the two methods, with slightly more pain on the Er:YAG laser treated site. Conclusions: The results of these cases suggest that ablation of the gingiva by an Er:YAG laser and abrasion with a rotary round bur is good enough to achieve esthetic satisfaction and fair wound healing without infection or severe pain. Prudent care about the gingival condition, such as the gingival thickness and degree of pigmentation along with appropriate assessment is needed in ablation by the Er:YAG laser procedure.