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Apoptotic Cell-Mimetic Polymers for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
Mitsuhiro Ebara 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2019 전남의대학술지 Vol.55 No.1
The field of biomaterials has seen a strong rejuvenation due to the new potential to modulate immune system in our body. This special class of materials is called “immunomodulatory biomaterials”. Generally, three fundamental strategies are followed in the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials: (1) immuno-inert biomaterials, (2) immuno-activating biomaterials, and (3) immuno-tolerant biomaterials. While many applications of immuno-inert biomaterials such as biocompatible medical implants have been already proposed in the past decades, the ability to engineer biological activity into synthetic materials greatly increases the number of their potential uses and improves their performance in more traditional applications. The major focus of researchers is now set on developing immuno-tolerant biomaterials for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we therefore introduce recent developments of immuno-tolerant biomaterials. Especially we introduce an apoptotic cell membrane- inspired polymer and its post-inflammatory effects on immune cells in this article.
Esin Eren,Hamit Yasar Ellidag,Necat Yılmaz,Ozgur Aydin 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2014 전남의대학술지 Vol.50 No.3
The association of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) with both atherosclerosis and vascular/valvular calcification is well known. Recently, ample evidence has suggested a common etiologic factor, namely, reduced HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, as a causative factor in the development of PMOP and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This common etiologic factor not only contributes to atherosclerotic diseases but also to PMOP following an almost identical mechanism including dysfunctional HDL and lipid oxidation. According to recent studies, lipid oxidation might improve osteoblastic transformation of vascular cells and obstruct such transformation in bone cells. The primary objective of this current review was to summarize the evidence revealing the role of HDL-associated PON1 enzyme in PMOP. Additionally, the review aimed to address some of the subjects that need further investigation in order to define whether hyperhomocysteinemia and sensitivity to lipid oxidation may be risk factors for PMOP.
Kenichi Nakajima,Masahito Yamada 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.3
123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) has become widely applied in Japan since its introduction to clinical cardiology and neurology practice in the 1990s. Neurological studies found decreased cardiac uptake of 123I-MIBG in Lewy-body diseases including Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Thus, cardiac MIBG uptake is now considered a biomarker of Lewy body diseases. Although scintigraphic images of 123I-MIBG can be visually interpreted, an average count ratio of heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) has commonly served as a semi-quantitative marker of sympathetic activity. Since H/M ratios significantly vary according to acquisition and processing conditions, quality control should be appropriate, and quantitation should be standardized. The threshold H/M ratio for differentiating Lewy-body disease is 2.0-2.1, and was based on standardized H/M ratios to comparable values of medium-energy collimators. Parkinson’s disease can be separated from various types of parkinsonian syndromes using cardiac 123I-MIBG, whereas activity is decreased on images of Lewy-body diseases using both 123I-ioflupane for the striatum and 123I-MIBG. Despite being a simple index, the H/M ratio of 123I-MIBG uptake is reproducible and can serve as an effective tool to support a diagnosis of Lewy-body diseases in neurological practice.
Circulating Tumor Cell and Cell-free Circulating Tumor DNA in Lung Cancer
Fariz Nurwidya,Jamal Zaini,Andika Chandra Putra,Sita Andarini,Achmad Hudoyo,Elisna Syahruddin,Faisal Yunus, M.D., Ph.D. 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.3
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that are separated from the primary site or metastatic lesion and disseminate in blood circulation. CTCs are considered to be part of the long process of cancer metastasis. As a ‘liquid biopsy’, CTC molecular examination and investigation of single cancer cells create an important opportunity for providing an understanding of cancer biology and the process of metastasis. In the last decade, we have seen dramatic development in defining the role of CTCs in lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, genomic alteration determination, treatment response and, finally, prognosis prediction. The aims of this review are to understand the basic biology and to review methods of detection of CTCs that apply to the various types of solid tumor. Furthermore, we explored clinical applications, including treatment monitoring to anticipate therapy resistance as well as biomarker analysis, in the context of lung cancer. We also explored the potential use of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the genomic alteration analysis of lung cancer.
Second Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: An Update
Sheng Min Wang,한창수,이수정,전태연,Ashwin A. Patkar,Prakash S Masand,배치운 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.3
Less than one third of patients who suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) report remission following antidepressant treatments requiring more diverse treatment approaches. Augmentation of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) has been increasingly recognized as an important treatment option. The authors have previously provided a comprehensive review of SGAs for the treatment of MDD in 2013. Since then, numerous additional clinical trials have been conducted to investigate diverse issues regarding the utility of SGAs in MDD. Moreover, a new SGA, brexpiprazole, was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2015 for the treatment of MDD as an augmentation agent to antidepressants. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide a concise update of all the available SGAs for the treatment of MDD, in particular on the additional clinical trials which have been published since 2013.
김상엽,윤숙정 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.3
Malignant melanoma is a rare disease in Asians but potentially the most aggressive form of skin cancer worldwide. It can occur in any melanocyte-containing anatomic site. Four main cutaneous melanoma subtypes are recognized: lentigo maligna melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and nodular melanoma. Generally, excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases the risk of melanoma. The exception is ALM, which is the most common melanoma subtype in Asians and is not associated with UV radiation. ALM presents as dark brownish to black, irregular maculopatches, nodules, or ulcers on the palms, soles, and nails. The lesions may be misdiagnosed as more benign lesions, such as warts, ulcers, hematomas, foreign bodies, or fungal infections, especially in amelanotic acral melanomas where black pigments are absent. The aim of this brief review is to improve understanding and the rate of early detection thereby reducing mortality, especially regarding cutaneous melanoma in Asians.
Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease: The Dong-gu Study
오수현,권순석,최진수,이정애,이영훈,남해성,정슬기,박경수,류소연,최성우,신민호 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.3
Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D status and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We therefore aimed to investigate whether low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with increased risk of PAD in the Korean population. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,960 subjects aged 50 years or older without known myocardial infarction or stroke. PAD was defined by an ankle brachial blood pressure index <0.9. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of PAD. Of the 8,960 subjects, 3.0% had PAD and the age and sex adjusted prevalence of PAD decreased with the increasing 25(OH)D quartile. After adjusting for potential confounders and parathyroid hormones, serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk of PAD (OR for one SD increase, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.0, P for trend=0.040). Compared with the first 25(OH)D quartile, the odds of PAD were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.62-1.21), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.46-0.97), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.49-1.04) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. In this cross-sectional study, we found that low serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased risk of PAD, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and parathyroid hormone. Our findings suggest that low vitamin D levels may contribute to PAD in the Korean population.