호텔 기술기반 셀프서비스(TBSS)에 대한 고객의 기술준비도 및 사용의도에 관한 연구

이수희 한국호텔리조트학회 2020 호텔리조트연구 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of customers’ technology readiness on intention to use about technology based self service in hotel industry. In total, 306 validated questionnaires were analyzed by customers who experience technology-based self-service of hotels such as hotel websites, mobile applications, hotel check in/check out kiosks, keyless programs, IOT services, and AI services. These results are based on research, and the outcomes are as follows: First, it was shown that among Technology Readiness Factors, optimism, innovativeness, and discomfort had significant effect on customers' perceived usefulness. Discomfort is the most significant factor in perceived usefulness when customers use self services in hotels. Secondly, optimism, discomfort, and insecurity had significant effect on customers' perceived ease of use. Among them, customers’ optimistic attitude makes customers much easier to use self services technologies. Third, perceived ease of use had significant effect on perceived usefulness. Also, when perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were positively related to customers’ intention to use. Based on these results, this study suggested strategies to introduce and utilize various kinds of self services in hotel industry. Discomfort is the most significant factor in perceived usefulness when customers use self services in hotels. Secondly, optimism, discomfort, and insecurity had significant effect on customers' perceived ease of use. Among them, customers’ optimistic attitude makes customers much easier to use self services technologies. Third, perceived ease of use had significant effect on perceived usefulness. Also, when perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were positively related to customers’ intention to use. Based on these results, this study suggested strategies to introduce and utilize various kinds of self services in hotel industry. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of customers’ technology readiness on intention to use about technology based self service in hotel industry. In total, 306 validated questionnaires were analyzed by customers who experience technology-based self-service of hotels such as hotel websites, mobile applications, hotel check in/check out kiosks, keyless programs, IOT services, and AI services. These results are based on research, and the outcomes are as follows: First, it was shown that among Technology Readiness Factors, optimism, innovativeness, and discomfort had significant effect on customers' perceived usefulness. Discomfort is the most significant factor in perceived usefulness when customers use self services in hotels. Secondly, optimism, discomfort, and insecurity had significant effect on customers' perceived ease of use. Among them, customers’ optimistic attitude makes customers much easier to use self services technologies. Third, perceived ease of use had significant effect on perceived usefulness. Also, when perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were positively related to customers’ intention to use. Based on these results, this study suggested strategies to introduce and utilize various kinds of self services in hotel industry.

자아 일관성과 주관적 안녕감자아 통제감의 매개효과를 중심으로

육근영,방희정,옥정 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2006 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.19 No.3

The current study examined the mediating effect of perceived control on the self-consistency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship among self-consistency, perceived control on the self, and subjective well-being. Subjective well-being(SWB) refers to people's own evaluations of their lives. Participants were 247 undergraduates at the 6 universities in Seoul. They completed Self-Consistency scale;. Satisfaction withj Life Scale(SWLS), Intensity & Time Affect Scale(ITAS), and Perceived control on the self scale. The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and path analysis by the AMOS 5.0 program. The currenct study demonstrated that perceived control on the self mediated self-consistency and subjective well-being. Specifically, self-consistency did not have a direct effect on the life satisfaction and positive affect when the effect of perceived control on the self was removed. So the association between self-consistency and subjective well-being might be spurious. 본 연구에서는 자아 일관성과 자아 통제감, 주관적 안녕감을 함께 고려한 모형 설정을 통해 이들 변인들간의 구조적 관계를 살펴보았다. 기존 연구들이 주로 자아 일관성과 주관적 안녕감 사이의 단선적 관계에 주목하였다면, 본 연구는 자아 일관성과 주관적 안녕감 사이의 관계뿐 아니라 자아통제감이 이 두 변인 간의 관계를 매개하는지에 초점을 두었다. 연구대상으로 서울시 소재 6개 대학에 재학중인 남녀 대학생 247명의 자료를 분석했다. 이를 위해 자아 일관성 척도, 자아 통제감 척도, 주관적 안녕감 척도가 사용되었다. 결과 분석에서 각 변인들 사이의 상관관계를 알아보았고, 다중 회귀분석에 이어 연구모형을 설정하여 경로분석을 통한 자아통제감의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 분석 결과 자아 일관성은 주관적 안녕감과 정적 상관을 보였고, 자아 통제감도 주관적 안녕감과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 그러나 자아 통제감이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 효과를 통제하였을 때, 자아 일관성은 부정 정서를 제외한 주관적 안녕감 변인에 유의미한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 반면, 자아통제감이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향력은 자아 일관성의 효과를 통제한 경우에도 유의미하였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 설정한 매개모형을 통해 자아 일관성과 주관적 안녕감에 대한 자아 통제감의 완전 매개효과가 지지되었으며, 부정 정서에 대해서는 부분 매개효과가 지지되었다. 이러한 연구 결과의 시사점은 자아 일관성 변인 자체보다는 자아에 대한 통제감이 심리적 적응에 중요할 수 있다는 측면에서 논의되었다.

셀프리더십, 상사와 조직지원인식 및 조직몰입 간의 관계: 지방이전 공공기관 구성원을 중심으로

김주하,윤동열,김성훈 리더십학회 2019 리더십연구 Vol.10 No.3

The importance of human resources is on the gradual increase in today's corporate environment and the role of each organizational member as a leader is emphasized. The purpose of this study is to identify how self-leadership affected organizational commitment on members of relocated public institutions. It aimed to investigate the effects of perceived supervisory support and perceived organizational support, which are regarded as two factors significantly affecting organizational members' behaviors and attitudes, on organizational commitment. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed to 450 members of public institutions relocated in Ulsan and 336 copies were statistically analyzed. The results are as follows: First, the behavior-focused strategy and the natural reward strategy among the sub-factors of self-leadership significantly positively affected public institution members' organizational commitment. Second, both perceived supervisory support and perceived organizational support significantly positively affected public institution members' organizational commitment. Both perceived supervisory support and perceived organizational support were positively correlated with organizational commitment: the higher the former, the higher the latter. Third, as for the moderating effects of perceived supervisory support and perceived organizational support, both of them had moderating effects on the association between self-leadership and organizational commitment and those effects were only found between the constructive thought strategy among the sub-factors of self-leadership and perceived supervisory support, between the behavior-focused strategy and perceived organizational support, and between the constructive thought strategy and perceived organizational support. On the basis of these results, it is necessary to make public institutions more competitive through improvement in the culture of public organizations, which involves promotion of autonomy, so that members can exert self-leadership and implement a systematic strategy to reinforce self-leadership with the objective of improving organizational commitment, which is on the decrease due to relocation of public institutions. Key words: Self-leadership, organizational commitment, perceived supervisory support, perceived organizational support, public institutions 본 연구는 지방이전 공공기관 구성원을 대상으로 셀프리더십, 상사지원인식, 조직지원인식이조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 또한 셀프리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는영향에 대한 상사와 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 울산지역으로 이전한 공공기관 구성원 450명에게 설문자료를 배포하고 이중 366부를 통계 분석한 결과는 다음과같다. 첫째, 셀프리더십 중 행동전략, 자연적보상전략이 공공기관 구성원의 조직몰입에 유의미한정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상사 및 조직지원인식은 조직몰입에 유의미한 정(+) 의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상사 및 조직지원인식의 조절효과에 대한 분석 결과, 상사지원인식은 셀프리더십 중 건설적사고전략과 조직몰입의 관계에서, 조직지원인식은 행동전략 및건설적사고전략과 조직몰입의 관계에서 유의한 조절효과가 나타났다. 키워드: 셀프리더십, 조직몰입, 상사지원인식, 조직지원인식, 공공기관

북한이탈주민의 차별경험이 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향:자아존중감과 자기 효능감의 매개효과

조영아 한국상담학회 2011 상담학연구 Vol.12 No.1

This study examined the effect of perceived discrimination, self-esteem and general self efficacy on psychological distress among North Korean refugees residing in South Korea. 500 North Korean refugees completed a survey packet containing measurement of perceived discrimination, Rosenberg's self esteem, general self efficacy and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25(HSCL-25). From the collected data, which were processed with a statistical program, the study conducted a correlation analysis in order to examine the correlation among perceived discrimination, self-esteem, general self efficacy and psychological distress. Finally, Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) approach was used. The findings of the analysis include: First, the result of the correlation analysis among North Korean refugee's perceived discrimination and psychological distress showed positive correlation. but self esteem, self efficacy and psychological distress showed negative correlation. Second, result of correlation analysis among North Korean refugee's self-esteem, self efficacy and perceived discrimination showed that there was negative correlation. Third, the model that perceived discrimination directly influenced psychological distress and perceived discrimination influenced self esteem and then influenced self efficacy and finally influenced psychological distress was more appropriate than the perfectly mediating model. Implications of the study findings and recommendations in counseling were made. 본 연구의 목적은 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 차별감, 자아존중감, 자기효능감이 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향을 구조방정식 모형을 통해 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 남한에 거주하는 북한이탈주민 500명에게 차별감, 자아존중감, 자기 효능감, 우울 및 불안 척도를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 차별감과 심리적 디스트레스는 유의한 정적 관계를 나타내었고, 자아존중감과 자기효능감은 심리적 디스트레스와 유의한 부적상관은 나타내었다. 둘째, 차별감은 자아존중감, 자기효능감과 유의한 부적상관을 보였다. 셋째, 차별감이 심리적 디스트레스에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 동시에 차별감이 자아존중감에 영향을 주고, 자아존중감이 자기효능감에 영향을 주며, 다시 자기 효능감이 심리적 디스트레스에 차례로 영향을 미치는 연구모형의 적합도가 가장 좋았다. 본 연구 결과의 함의 및 상담에의 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

배드민턴 선수들의 인지된 경기력이 자아존중감과 회복탄력성에 미치는 영향

김연자,방은혜 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2022 스포츠사이언스 Vol.40 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of badminton players' Perceived performance on self-esteem and resilience. For the collected data, the validity and reliability of each factor were tested using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program, and for data analysis, correlation analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way batch variance analysis, and simple linear regression analysis were performed. The research results are as follows. First, as a result of the correlation between perceived performance, self-esteem, and resilience (self-regulation ability, interpersonal relationship ability, and positivity), it was found to be statistically significant in all factors except self-regulation ability, self-esteem, and perceived performance. Second, as a result of the difference between major variables according to affiliation, self-regulation ability showed a significant difference according to affiliation, and college athletes were higher than unemployed athletes. Third, as a result of the difference between the major variables by group, it was found that there was a significant difference in perceived performance and self-regulation ability. Fourth, as a result of the effect of the perceived performance of badminton players on self-esteem and resilience (self-regulation ability, interpersonal relationship ability, and positivity), it was found that self-esteem, self-regulation ability, and positivity had a significant effect. These results mean that the player's self-esteem and resilience are affected by the perceived performance. Based on this study, it is considered necessary to analyze the relationship between perceived performance and psychological factors that may occur during the game, self-esteem, and resilience factors from various angles.

브랜드 확장의 적합성과 시기적 적합성 효과: 브랜드 확장 평가에 대한 확장 적합성, 자아해석, 시간적 거리의 역할을 중심으로

김태엽,유동호 한국기업경영학회 2017 기업경영연구 Vol.24 No.1

Brand extensions are effective strategic marketing devices that reduce consumers’ perceived risk of purchasing new products, although dilution of the existing brand’s image often occurs. An important determinant of brand extension success is consumers’ perceived fit between the parent and extension brand, and prior researches have shown that consumers’ perceived fit varies depending on their traits. In particular, prior researches have shown the effect of self-construal on perceived fit of brand extension. However, their results have been somewhat mixed. This research proposed temporal distance as an important factor that could influence the relationship between brand extension and self-construal. Thus, this research investigated the temporal fit effect (the interaction effect of self-construal and temporal distance) on consumers' perceived fit of brand extension. Using a 3 (extension fit) x 2 (self-construal) x 2(temporal distance) ANCOVA on perceived fit and extension evaluation, we found that self-construal and temporal distance had no impact on perceived fit and extension evaluation when extension fit was high or low (all, p>.1). On the other hand, as our predictions, when extension fit was moderate, consumers with independent self had more positive perceived fit (distant-future: 4.75 vs. near-future: 3.76; F = 4.013, p<.05) and extension evaluation (distant-future: 4.99 vs. near-future: 3.56; F = 10.958, p<.05) in the distant-future condition than in the near-future condition. However, consumers with interdependent self had more positive perceived fit (distant-future: 3.59 vs. near-future: 4.82; F=5.991, p<.05) and extension evaluation (distant-future: 3.67 vs. near-future: 5.12; F=11.349, p<.05) in the near-future condition than in the distant-future condition. Thus, the findings of Study 1 suggested that the temporal fit effect is significant only when extension fit is moderate. In addition, we tested the mediate role of perceived fit using the bootstrapping technique with 10,000 resamples. The results showed that perceived fit mediated the effect of extension fit on extension evaluation (a = -.78, b = .63, a x b = -.49, 95% CI: -.6711 ~ -.3308). However, the findings of Study 2 showed that the temporal fit effect on consumers’ perceived fit was significant, even if extension fit was low, when consumers were motivated to process the extension information. Specifically, self-construal and temporal distance had no impact on perceived fit and extension evaluation when consumers had low motivation to precess the extension information (all, p>.1). On the other hand, when consumers were motivated to process the extension information, consumers with independent self had more positive perceived fit (distant-future: 4.85 vs. near-future: 3.47; F = 4.343, p<.05) and extension evaluation (distant-future: 4.74 vs. near-future: 3.55; F = 5.183, p<.05) in the distant-future condition than in the near-future condition. However, consumers with interdependent self had more positive perceived fit (distant-future: 3.20 vs. near-future: 4.79; F = 11.780, p<.05) and extension evaluation (distant-future: 3.62 vs. near-future: 4.78; F = 7.780, p<.05) in the near-future condition than in the distant-future condition. Finally, we proposed implications for effective brand extension strategies. 브랜드 확장은 신제품 출시가 가지고 있는 위험을 감소시켜 주는 효과적인 마케팅 전략이다. 하지만 브랜드 확장은 모브랜드의 이미지를 희석시킬 수 있다는 부정적인 측면도 함께 존재한다. 이에 선행연구들은 브랜드 확장의 성공에 영향을 주는 가장 중요한 요소로 적합성을 언급하고 있으며, 소비자들의 지각된 적합성은 소비자들의 개인적 성향에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 언급하고 있다. 특히, 선행연구들은 소비자의 자아해석이 브랜드 확장에 대한 지각된 적합성에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 언급하고 있지만 그 결과는 다소 혼재되어 있다. 이에 본 연구는 브랜드 확장과 자아해석의 관계에서 반드시 고려해야 할 요소로 시간적 거리를 제안하였다. 즉, 브랜드 확장 상황에서 소비자의 지각된 적합성에 대한 자아해석과 시간적 거리의 시기적 적합성 효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 자아해석과 시간적 거리의 시기적 적합성 효과는 확장의 적합성이 중간 수준일 경우에만 나타났다. 확장 적합성이 중간 수준일 때 독립적 자아해석의 소비자들은 가까운 미래보다 먼 미래의 브랜드 확장에서 더 긍정적인 평가를 한 반면, 상호의존적 자아해석의 소비자들은 먼 미래보다 가까운 미래의 브랜드 확장에서 더 긍정적인 평가를 하였다. 하지만 실험 2에서는 비록 확장의 적합성이 낮다 할지라도 소비자들에게 정보를 처리할 동기를 부여해준다면 시기적 적합성 효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

자기지향적 완벽주의, 조직지원인식, 상사의 모욕적 행동이 과업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

손승연,이수진,박희태,윤석화 한국인사조직학회 2010 인사조직연구 Vol.18 No.2

개인의 성격 특성은 일상생활뿐 아니라 조직에서 개인의 다양한 행동과 성과를 설명하고 예측하는 데에도 유용하다. 그 중에서도 완벽주의는 심리학 분야에서 오랫동안 지속적으로 연구관심이 제기되어 온 성격 특성 중 하나이다. 그럼에도 아직까지 경영학 분야에서 완벽주의에 대한 연구가 부족하였다. 더욱이 완벽주의가 순기능 및 역기능을 모두 포함한 개념임에도 불구하고 선행연구들은 대부분 인간의 심리 및 행동에 미치는 완벽주의의 부정적 측면에 초점을 맞춤으로써 완벽주의에 대한 포괄적 이해가 제한된 실정이다. 본 연구는 다양한 완벽주의 구성개념 중 철저한 업무 수행에 대한 열의, 완벽한 일 처리 등 본질적 특성상 조직 내에서의 개인의 과업성과와 관련성이 높을 것으로 예상되는 자기지향적 완벽주의를 선택하여 과업성과에 미치는 긍정적인 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 또한 특성활성화 이론에 따라 성격 특성인 자기지향적 완벽주의가 과업성과에 미치는 효과를 상황적 요인인 조직지원인식 및 상사의 모욕적 행동이 어떻게 조절하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 성실성을 통제한 상태에서 자기지향적 완벽주의는 과업성과와 유의한 정적 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 관계는 높은 조직지원인식, 낮은 상사의 모욕적 행동 하에서만 유의하게 나타나는 반면, 낮은 조직지원인식, 높은 상사의 모욕적 행동 하에서는 자기지향적 완벽주의와 과업성과는 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 네 가지 시사점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 심리학에 국한된 완벽주의 연구 영역을 경영학 분야로 확장시키면서 조직 내에서 개인의 과업성과에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓혔다는 것이다. 둘째, 과업성과에 미치는 자기지향적 완벽주의의 정적 효과를 실증함으로써 완벽주의의 부정적인 측면에 치중된 선행연구들의 한계점을 보완하려 했다는 것이다. 셋째, 자기지향적 완벽주의와 조직지원인식의 상호작용효과를 검증함으로써 자기지향적 완벽주의가 낮은 사람들이 높은 성과를 낼 수 있도록 조직이 해야 할 역할은 무엇인가라는 질문에 일부의 해답을 제시하였다는 것이다. 넷째, 자기지향적 완벽주의와 상사의 모욕적 행동의 상호작용효과를 검증함으로써 긍정적 리더십에 편중된 선행연구들의 미비점을 보완하는 한편, 자기지향적 완벽주의가 낮은 사람들로 하여금 높은 성과를 낼 수 있도록 하는데 상사 행동의 중요성을 부각시켰다는 것이다. Research has demonstrated that personality characteristics can be useful for predicting individual behavior and performance at work as in ordinary life. Among these, the concept of perfectionism has been a topic of widespread interest in the psychological literature. Nevertheless, very little research has examined the role of perfectionism in predicting individual’s performance in management. Although there is considerable agreement that perfectionism has positive aspect as well as negative one, many researchers have focused on dysfunctional and neurotic aspects of perfectionism. This trend limits our comprehensive understanding of perfectionism. The purpose of this article is to examine positive aspects of perfectionism in organizational settings. Specifically, we first investigate the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and task performance. Self-oriented perfectionism reflects a strong motivation for the self to be perfect, setting exacting standards for oneself, and evaluating one’s own behavior stringently. Therefore, we expect that self-oriented perfectionism may have potential relation with task performance at work because it includes motivational components of striving to attain perfection in one’s own performance as well as behavior. Following trait activation theory, we then examine the extent to which perceived organizational support and abusive supervision affect the self-oriented perfectionism-task performance relationship. Out of the process, we developed and empirically tested the following hypotheses:H1: Employee’s self-oriented perfectionism is positively related to task performance. H2: Perceived organizational support moderates the positive relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and task performance such that the relationship is stronger when perceived organizational support is low than when perceived organizational support is high. H3: Abusive supervision moderates the positive relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and task performance such that the relationship is stronger when abusive supervision is high than when abusive supervision is low. Surveys were distributed to 160 employee-supervisor dyads from 9 organizations in Seoul. The organizations represented 3 service and 6 manufacturing organizations. Participants were assured of the confidential of their responses. The employee survey contained demographic questions and questions assessing self-oriented perfectionism, perceived organizational support, and abusive supervision. While employees were completing their surveys, supervisors completed questionnaires on employee task performance in a separate room. All of the items except demography were measured on a seven-point Likert scale(ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). A total 121 matched dyadic data were used for analysis. In the employee sample, 58% were men and the average age was 30.6 years(S.D.= 4.8). Around 59% of the respondents had at least bachelor’s degree and their average tenure was 5.3 years(S.D. = 4.9). In the supervisor sample, 68% were men and the average age was38.2 years(S.D.= 5.9). Approximately 60% of the respondents had at least bachelor’s degree and their average tenure was 10.8 years(S.D. = 5.9). Hierarchical regression analysis was used for testing hypotheses. As predicted, results confirmed that employee’s self-oriented perfectionism was positively related to task performance after conscientiousness was controlled. Although not hypothesized, perceived organization support and abusive supervision had positive and negative relationship with task performance, respectively, like previous researches. In addition, we found that perceived organizational support and abusive supervision moderated the effect of self-oriented perfectionism on task performance, respectively. Specifically, the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and task performance was stronger when perceived organizational support was l...

지각된 외모차별과 과시적 소비의 관계: 자아존중감과 사회비교성향의 매개효과 및 지위욕구의 조절효과

조현영 ( Cho Hyun Young ),이진석 ( Lee Jin Suk ),신홍섭 ( Shin Hongsub ),전승우 ( Chun Seungwoo ) 한국소비자학회 2019 소비자학연구 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 지각된 외모차별과 과시적 소비의 관계를 조사했다. 한국 사회에서 외모 매력도는 삶의 다양한 분야에서 중요하게 여겨지기 때문에 외모로 인해 부당한 차별을 겪는 경우도 적지 않게 발생한다. 이처럼 뚜렷한 사회 현상 중 하나인 지각된 외모차별의 영향을 소비 영역에서 살펴본 연구는 드물다. 본 연구는 지각된 외모차별이 과시적 소비와 긍정적으로 연관되어 있을 가능성을 조사했다. 구체적으로, 외모차별을 크게 지각하는 개인일수록 낮은 자아존중감의 형태로 나타나는 심리적 위협을 경험할 가능성이 커질 것이라고 예측했다. 이어서, 이러한 심리적 위협을 겪은 개인은 자신의 우월한 측면을 찾기 위해 타인과 자주 비교하게 되고, 본인의 우월함을 드러내고 싶은 욕구에 따라 높은 과시적 소비 성향을 보일 것으로 예측했다. 또한, 자아존중감과 사회비교 성향의 이중매개 효과는 지위상승 욕구가 높은 경우에만 관찰될 것이라는 가설을 세웠다. 209명의 참가자를 대상으로 각 변인들을 측정하는 설문조사를 실행한 결과 본 연구의 모든 가설은 지지되었다. 즉, 외모차별을 겪었다고 크게 지각하는 개인일수록 과시적 소비 성향이 증가했고, 이 두 변인의 유의한 정적인 관계는 자아존중감과 사회비교 성향에 의해 매개되었다. 이 매개효과는 참가자의 지위욕구가 높은 경우에만 유의했다. 본 연구는 지각된 외모차별을 소비 현상과 연관시켜 살펴보았다는 점에서 기존의 외모 매력도 및 과시적 소비 연구에 기여한다. 본 연구는 외모 매력도 및 과시적 소비를 다룬 기존 연구에 이론적으로 기여한다. 기존의 연구는 매력 있는 외모로 인해 얻는 심리적, 사회적 이득에 초점을 두었다면 이 연구는 외모가 소비의 영역에서 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 특히 그 동안 과시적 소비 연구들이 다루지 않은 지각된 외모차별에 초점을 두었다는 점에서 과시적 소비 연구 분야에서 외모의 역할을 살펴본 기존의 연구를 확장했다. 이 연구는 또한 낮은 자존감이 사회비교를 빈번하게 해 과시적 소비를 증가시킴을 밝혀 낮은 자존감과 과시적 소비의 관계를 조사한 선행 연구의 결과를 확장한다. 본 연구의 결과는 과시적 소비가 지각된 외모차별로 인해 겪게 되는 심리적 위협을 보상하기 위한 대처 방법 중 하나임을 암시한다. The present study investigates how perceived appearance discrimination is related to conspicuous consumption. There seems to be a number of people in South Korea who have ever been treated unfairly due to their seemingly unattractive physical appearance. Although appearance discrimination is one of the most distinctive and prevalent issues in South Korea, there has been little research that has examined how such phenomenon affect consumption behavior. The purpose of the current study is to examine the possibility that perceived appearance discrimination is positively related to conspicuous consumption. Specifically, we predict that as perceived appearance discrimination increases, self-esteem will decrease, which in turn affect social comparison tendency that is expected to positively related to conspicuous consumption. We also hypothesize that the serial mediation of self-esteem and social comparison in the relationship between perceived appearance difference will be significant only when the need for status is high than low. The hypotheses in current study is based on existing literature on compensatory consumption at the presence of psychological threat, the relationship between physical attractiveness and self-esteem, and conspicuous consumption as a tool for compensating ones weaknesses. Previous studies on compensatory consumption have suggested that consumers who go through psychological threat such as self-deficit or self-discrepancy in a specific domain attempt to compensate such threat through consumption. One way to compensate such threat is to consume the products in the same domain where one experiences psychological threat. For example, individuals who feel psychological threat in the domain of physical appearance may compensate it for consuming beauty products in order to enhance their attractiveness. On the other hand, consumers may attempt to compensate for their weaknesses in a specific domain through showing their superiority in other domains. The customer who is served by physically dominant clerk may spend more than he has planned or buy very expensive items in order to overcome his inferiority in the domain of physical dominance. This customer compensates his psychological threat in the domain of physical appearance through showing his superiority in the domain of wealth and status. Likewise, individuals with greater perceived appearance discrimination should compensate their psychological threat through consumption. The current study predicts that consumers will engage in conspicuous consumption as a compensation for psychological threat. We examine self-esteem and social comparison as proxies for psychological threat. Previous literature has shown negative impact of unattractive appearance on self-esteem as well as negative correlation between self-esteem and social comparison. Thus, as perceived appearance discrimination becomes greater, self-esteem and social comparison would decrease and increase, respectively. Also, literature on conspicuous consumption has suggested that people who engage in conspicuous consumption try to keep up with those with higher social status as well as greater wealth, which implies that conspicuous consumption occurs when people compare themselves to others. Thus, we predict positive relationship between social comparison and conspicuous consumption. The present study also hypothesize that such serial mediation of self-esteem and social comparison will be moderated by need for status. Existing literature has shown that individuals with high need for status are more likely to prefer loud luxury product with distinctive brand logo in it while those with low need for status tend to prefer quiet product without brand logo. Thus, need for status seems to affect desire to show off ones status and wealth. We predict that individuals will compensate their psychological threat through conspicuous consumption only when they want to blatantly reveal their possessions to others. In order to test the hypotheses, we conducted cross-sectional survey with 209 participants. We created three items to measure perceived appearance discrimination and for the other four variables we adapted items from previous literature. We analyzed the data using PROCESS macro and the results supported all hypotheses. As perceived appearance discrimination increases, self-esteem decreases, which in turn lead to greater social comparison and conspicuous consumption. Such relationship was observed when participant’ need for status were high than low. This study contributes to existing literature on physical attractiveness as well as on conspicuous consumption. While previous studies were focused on the benefits of physical attractiveness, this study is focused on its impact on consumption behavior. A few studies have examined the role of physical attractiveness in the domain of consumption, but the role of perceived appearance discrimination has not gotten enough attention. By investigating that factor, this study sheds light on the area of physical attractiveness in regards to conspicuous consumption. The present findings imply that the experiencing appearance discrimination could be an important motivation for conspicuous consumption.

고등학생의 지각된 시간관이 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향: 자기통제력을 매개변인으로

조한익 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2011 미래청소년학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived time perspective on self-regulated learning in high school students. Also this study was done to verify the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between perceived time perspective and self-regulated learning. For data analysis, correlation coefficients were calculated among perceived time perspective, self-control and self-regulated learning. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of perceived time perspective and self-control on self-regulated learning. Also, the mediating effect of self-control in the relationship between perceived time perspective and self-regulated learning was tested by the procedure of Baron and Kenny(1986). The questionnaires were administered to 385 high school students. The results of this study were summarized as follows. First, in terms of the relationship between perceived time perspective and self-regulated learning, 'present fatalistic' time perspective negatively affected self-regulated learning. But, 'future' time perspective positively affected self-regulated learning. Second, in terms of the relationship between perceived time perspective and self-control, both 'past negative' and 'present fatalistic' time perspective negatively affected self-control. However, 'future' time perspective positively affected self-control. Third, The effect of 'present fatalistic' time perspective on self-regulated learning was completely mediated by self-control. It implied that 'present fatalistic' time perspective decreased self-control, therefore negatively contributing to self-regulated learning. The limitations and implications of this study for academic counseling for high school students were discussed. 본 연구의 목적은 고등학생을 대상으로 지각된 시간관과 자기통제력이 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 시간관이 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향을 자기통제력이 매개하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 분석방법으로는 지각된 시간관, 자기통제력, 자기조절학습간의 단순상관계수를 산출하였고, 지각된 시간관과 자기통제력이 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 또한, Baron과 Kenny(1986)가 제안한 절차에 따라 자기통제력의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 고등학생 385명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 지각된 시간관과 자기조절학습과의 관계에서 현재숙명 시간관은 자기조절학습에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면에, 미래지향 시간관은 자기조절학습에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지각된 시간관과 자기통제력과의 관계에서 과거부정 시간관과 현재숙명 시간관은 자기통제력에 부정적인 영향을 미치나, 미래지향 시간관은 자기통제력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 지각된 시간관이 자기조절학습에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 자기통제력의 매개효과를 살펴본 결과, 현재숙명 시간관이 자기조절학습에 미치는 효과를 자기통제력이 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 현재숙명 시간관이 높아지면 자기통제력이 감소하게 되며, 결과적으로 자기조절학습에 부정적인 영향을 미친다고 해석할 수 있다. 미래지향 시간관이 자기조절학습 및 학업성취에 미치는 직접적인 효과를 연구한 선행연구들과 달리 본 연구에서는 미래지향 시간관을 포함하여 과거부정이나 현재숙명 시간관의 효과를 검증하였고, 자기통제력을 매개변인으로 상정하여 검증한 것은 본 연구의 의의라고 하겠다. 본 연구의 결과는 자기조절학습의 향상을 위해서는 현재숙명 시간관을 버리고 미래지향적인 시간관과 자기통제력을 높이는 것이 매우 중요하다는 것을 시사하며, 이를 토대로 고등학생의 자기조절학습능력 향상을 위한 상담 및 심리치료에 필요한 기초자료를 제시하였다.

예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준이 정신건강과 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

김희수,최정선 한국보육학회 2013 한국보육학회지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준이 예비유아교사의 정신건강과 학업적 자기효능감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 분석하여, 예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준의 중요성을 강조하고 자기능력 지각수준을 높일 수 있는 상담적 개입의 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 본 연구의 주요 결과로는 첫째, 예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준과 정신건강 간에는 유의미한 상관이 있었으며, 자기능력 지각수준의 하위영역과 정신건강 간의 상관 정도는 학습능력, 자기존중감, 사회능력, 품행 순으로 부적 상관을 나타내 보였다. 둘째, 예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준과 학업적 자기효능감 간에는 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었으며, 학업적 자기효능감 하위영역 간의 상관 정도는 자신감, 자기조절효능감, 과제난이도 순이었다. 셋째, 예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준이 정신건강과 학업적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 자기능력 지각수준이 정신건강과 학업적 자기효능감에 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 예비유아교사의 자기능력 지각수준을 높여, 장차 교사로서의 바람직한 정신건강과 학업적 자기효능감을 갖도록 하기 위한 상담적 개입의 필요성을 제언하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers on their mental health and academic self-efficacy. For these purposes, the data were collected by questionnaire from 202 pre-service early childhood teachers (male 12, female 190). The major resulted of this study were as follows: First, in the relationship between self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers and mental health, self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers had a negative effect on mental health. Second, in the relationship between self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers and academic self-efficacy, self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers had a negative effect on academic self-efficacy. Third, in the effect of self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers on their mental health and academic self-efficacy, self-perceived competence of pre-service early childhood teachers had a negative effect on their mental health and academic self-efficacy.