Purification efficiency of eight aquatic plant species in an artificial floating island system in relation to extracellular enzyme activity and microbial community

Lei Li,You Feng,Jinye Li,Qing Li,Ting Liu,Qingfeng Chen 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.6

The floating island system exploits the combination of aquatic plants, microorganisms, and extracellular enzymes to purify wastewater. We investigated the purification efficiency of eight aquatic plant species cultured in wastewater. The relationships of plant purification capacity with extracellular enzyme activity and microbial community were analyzed to explore the crucial factors that affect the plant purification capacity and the mechanism of pollutants removal in different plant systems. Three plant species, namely Oenanthe javanica, Thalia dealbata, and lris pseudacorus, were most effective for purification of ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>-N), total phosphate (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with maximum efficiencies of 76.09, 85.87, and 89.10%, respectively. Urease, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and β-glucosidase activities were significantly and positively correlated with root system development (P < 0.05). Activities of urease and AP were positively correlated with NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>-N and TP removal, respectively. The magnitude of urease and AP activity was generally consistent with the plant’s capacity to remove NH₄<SUP>+</SUP>-N and TP. β-Glucosidase activity and COD removal were not significantly correlated. The dominant microbial phylum in each species treatment was Proteobacteria. Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia showed > 1% relative abundance and greater involvement in degradation of pollutants in the experimental system.

식물의 정화능에 관한 연구

이진희 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2004 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study was carried out to improve the interior environment by adjusting air of interior landscape. Unlike the methodology of removing interior contaminants through absorption of contaminants from existing interior plants, it introduced methodology of removing CO2 from the interior landscape plants. It examined the amount of m generated and absorbed by plants during 6 hours in sealed chamber. As a result of chamber test of 30 plants I capability of generating CO2 in Fatsia japonica, Monstera deliciosa, Pltilodendron selloum, Schefflera arboricola, Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana', Ficus benjamiana, etc 30 indoor plants was 17.84 -2.34 ㎍/cm2. It was assumed that high type plants was needed 2-3 plants room, lower type plants was neded 20-30 flower pots as excellent plants for indoor air purification in order to remove CO2 in 20m3 sealed. Therefore it found that indoor plants was applied for suppling fresh air and sustaining indoor air quality safitily and continuously.

정수장의 처리수를 이용한 소수력발전의 성능예측

박완순(Park Wan-Soon),이철형(Lee Chul-Hyung) 한국태양에너지학회 2007 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

A methodology to evaluate the performance prediction of small hydro power using discharge of purification plant has been studied. It consists of two main parts; flow duration function which can describe clean water and performance prediction to estimate the output characteristics of small hydro power plants. The output performance characteristics for Nam Dong & Su San purification plant were analyzed, using developed model. According to the simulation results, the predicted data show that the data were in good agreement with measured results. Also, it was found that the developed model in this study can be used to analyze the output characteristics for small hydro power having purification plant.

Removal Effects of Formaldehyde and Total Volatile Organic Compounds of Spathiphyllum wallisii by Water Stress

Hye min Park,Ja Hee Lee,Ae Kyung Lee 한국화훼학회 2019 화훼연구 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 스파티필름의 수분 스트레스 정도에 따라 실내 공간 내 오염물질 제거 효율을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 식물이 없는 공간을 대조구, 정상적인 스파티필름과 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름을 각각의 처리구로 하였다. 스파티필름의 수분 스트레스 유무에 따른 chamber 내 온도를 조사한 결과 대조구와 처리구 모두 식물의 생육 적정 범위인 23±1℃를 유지하였으며, 처리 간의 0.7℃의 차이를 보였다. 습도의 경우 대조구와 처리구는 유의차 있게 나타났으며, 처리 간의 유의 차는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수분 스트레스에 따른 실내 오염 물질을 조사한 결과, 포름알데히드(Formaldehyde) 경우 대조구는 0.30mg・m-3, 정상적인 스파티필름은 0.05mg・m-3 , 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 0.09mg・m-3으로 대조구와 처리구는 통계적으로 유의차를 보였으며, 식물 내 수분 스트레스에 따른 처리구간에는 유의차가 없었다. TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compound)조사 결과, 정상적인 스파티필름의 TVOC는 5시간 후 0.00mg・m-3 으로 모두 제거 된 반면, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 0.34mg・m-3으로 다소 남아 있었으며, 대조구는 1.25mg・m-3으로 세 처리 모두 통계적으로 유의차 있게 나타났다. 또한 이산화탄소 변화량 조사결과, 대조구는 459ppm, 정상 스파티필름은 446ppm으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없으며, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티 필름이 대조구보다 이산화탄소 함량이 다소 높았다. 기공변화율 조사 결과, 정상 스파티필름의 변화율은 높게 나타났으며, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 변화율이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서, 스파티필름이 배치되어있지 않은 공간보다 배치된 공간이 공기정화에 효과적이며, 수분 스트레스를 받은 스파티필름은 실내오염물질 제거에 있어서 기공 변화율 및 이산화탄소 흡수능력이 저하되므로 스파티필름을 이용하여 효과적으로 실내오염물질을 제거하기 위해서는 적절한 수분 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. This study aimed to investigate the pollutant removal efficiency of Spathiphyllum wallisii in an indoor space according to the degree of water stress. The control group was a without plants group, and the treatment groups included well-watered S. wallisii and water-stressed S. wallisii. The temperature in the chamber according to presence or absence of water stress of S. wallisii was maintained at 23℃ ± 1℃, an indoor comfortable temperature, for both control and treatment groups. Humidity also significantly differed between the control and treatment groups, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups. In terms of indoor pollutants owing to water stress, the formaldehyde concentration was 0.30 mg・m-3 in the control group, 0.05 mg・m-3 in the well-watered S. wallisii group, and 0.09 mg・m-3 in the water-stressed S. wallisii group. The control and treatment groups exhibited statistically significant differences, but there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups according to the water stress in the plants. All of the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) of well-watering S. wallisii were removed after 5 hours, whereas 0.34 mg・m-3 of TVOC of water-stressed S. wallisii were m aintained. T VOC of t he c ontrol g roup w as 1 .25 mg・m-3. Thus, the three groups showed statistically significant differences. In addition, the carbon dioxide concentration was 459 ppm in the control group, which was not significantly different from that in the well-watered S. wallisii group. However, the carbon dioxide concentration was slightly higher in the water-stressed S. wallisii group than that in the control group. The porosity change rate of the well-watered S. wallisii group was high and that of the water-stressed S. wallisii group was low. Thus, the space containing S. wallisii showed greater indoor pollutant removal efficiency, regardless of the water stress than the space without plants. Therefore, the indoor space arranged rather than the space in which the S. wallisii not disposed is effective for the air purification, and the S. wallsii which is subjected to water-stressed drop the change of stomatal size and the carbon dioxide in the indoor pollutants removal, also moisture management is necessary to effectively remove indoor pollutants.

실내환경 개선을 위한 ‘Bio Green Wall System’의 효과

방성원,김정예,송종은,김광진,김두환 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2013 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.6

본 연구는 효과적 벽면녹화 기술향상을 위하여 식물 생육, 시공 편리성, 공간 활용성 등 통합적 실용성을 갖춘 기능성 모듈을 개발하여 실내환경개선 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 공기정화 장치가 부착된 ‘Bio Green Wall System’에 구조화하여 직접 제작 설치 및 실용화하였다. ‘Bio Green Wall System’ 구조로 인해 식물에 의한 공기정화와 탄소봉에 의한 2차 공기정화 및 습도 조절이 가능하였고, 송풍 구조로 인해 화분의 후방으로 향해 있는 식물 뿌리에 산소를 공급하여 식물이 건강하게 생육하였다. 기능성 모듈 개발을 통해 다양한 식물의 선택이 가능하고, 간단한 공정으로 실내 및 실외의 여러 장소에 설치 및 이동이 가능하며, 식물의 교체나 보수도 신속하고 편리하게 할 수 있게 되었다. 실험결과, 식물이 없는 대조군보다 벽면녹화 설치 후 TVOCs와 미세먼지(PM10) 농도가 크게 감소하였으며, TVOCs는 ‘Bio Green Wall System’에서 일반 벽면녹화보다 더 많이 감소하였다. HCHO는 벽면녹화 설치 후 유의하게 감소하였으나 CO2에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 ‘Bio Green Wall System’은 실내공기정화에 매우 효과적이며 특허출원한 기능성 모듈도 우수한 성능을 갖춘 것으로 나타났다. Green wall technology is increasingly popular to improve comfort and air quality inside the building. However, existing green walls only involve mostly irrigation system and are costly. They need the improvement in multiple aspects for long-term maintenance. In this study, we aimed to develop a functional module for plant growth, spatiotemporal convenience, and space utilization in order to develop effective green wall technology. The module was manufactured and attached to a ‘Bio Green Wall System’ with air purification system. This ‘Bio Green Wall System’ gives the effect of air purification by the plant as well as air purification by the carbon filter. The ventilation system provides oxygen to the root facing towards the back of the pot to allow the plant to grow healthy. The developed functional module supports growth of a variety of plants. The module can be installed in various indoor and outdoor locations, and allows quick and convenient replacement and plant maintenance. Concentration of TVOCs and fine particles in the office decreased significantly with green wall compared to the control, and TVOCs was significantly lower with the ‘Bio Green Wall System' than with the conventional green wall system. HCHO was significantly reduced with the green walls, but there was no significant difference in CO2.

실내식물의 오존 반응

허정희,방광자,설종호 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate Ozone which we have to contact in our daily lives. Recently Ozone becomes a serious pollutant in the inside and outside. To select th indicator plants or the purifier plants for air pollution caused by ozone, this stud has been conducted with interior landscape plant of 10 species. The results are as follows; 1) The visible demage by Ozone was firstly observed on Viburnum awabuki among 10 species, and it occurred after the lapse of 10, 8 and 4 hours on 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm ozone treatment, respectively. The first symptom of visible demage appeared on chlorosis or blotting of leaves, then progressed on necrosis of leaves. 2) On the other hand, Litsea japonica and Ardisia japonica were so resistant against Ozone fumigation that they were not demage independently of Ozone concentration till the lapse of 60 hours. 3) Chlorophyll contents were decreased by the increased Ozone concentration. At this time, grana destruction was observed. The most sensitive plant to ozone was Viburnum awabuki, and we suggest that Viburnum awabuki would be possible one to use for the indicator plant. The most resistance plant to Ozone was Litsea japonic and Ardisia japonica, we suggest that Litsea japonica and Ardisia japonica would be possible to use for the purifier plant for Ozone pollution.

소하천의 수질개선을 위한 자연정화공정 개발에 관한 연구

이혜미,오종민 경희대학교 환경연구소 2001 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

This study was performed to application of Porous concrete blocks and aquatic plants to water purification in small urban stream. This study was investigated the ability of water purification according to the variety of environment, epiphytic algae and aquatic plants. When the Porous concrete was used as contact media, the average removal efficiency of SS, BOD and COD were SS(85-95%), COD(50-60%), BOD(65-75%) respectively. Also when the Porous concrete and aquatic plants was used the average removal efficiency of SS and BOD were SS(90-95%), BOD(70-80%) respectively. In result, average removal efficiency of total nitrogen(T-N) with the Porous concrete and aquatic plants was about 40-50%. Average removal efficiency of total phosphorus(T-P) with the Porous concrete and aquatic plants was about 60-70%.

국내 수돗물 정수장에서 발견된 깔따구 유충 (파리목: 깔따구과)의 유전적 - 형태적 종 동정 연구

곽인실,박재원,김원석,박기연 한국하천호수학회 2020 생태와 환경 Vol.53 No.3

The Chironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) is a freshwater benthic invertebrate that is an important indicator organism used for environmental pollution and water quality monitoring. In this study, we performed morphological classification and genetic species identification using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene on mitochondrial DNA for an accurate species classification of Chironomus larvae found in tap water purification plants in Incheon, Korea. Twenty larvae in six water purification plants consist of four species, including twelve Chironomus kiiensis, six Chironomus flaviplumus, one Chironomus dorsalis, and one Polypedilum yongsanensis (not included Genus Chironomus). Morphological characteristics of each larvae were identified based on the head capsule, the mentum, the mandible, the antenna, and the claw. Based on the COI sequences of 21 individuals of 17 Chironomus species registered in NCBI Genbank, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 20 individuals investigated in this study consist of the same clade with corresponding species of the high homology (99~100%) including C. kiiensis, C. flaviplumus, C. dorsalis, and P. yongsanensis. These results will be used as main classification indicator for monitoring freshwater ecosystems by providing integrated morphological and genetic information for the species identification of Korean Chironomus.

Volatile Organic Compound Removal Efficiency of Green and Variegated Foliage Plants Grown under Different Light Intensities

김광진,Mohammad Khalekuzzaman,Charlotte Concepcion Shagol,서정남,김현주 인간식물환경학회 2017 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

This study investigated the effect of leaf form or phenotype and light intensity on the toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene removal of three foliage plants. Green and variegated forms of Ardisia pusilla, Scindapsus aureus, and Hedera helix plants were grown under 10 and 20 μmol・m-2 ・s-1 light intensities for 8 months and were tested for their volatile organic compound (VOC) removal efficiency for 15 h. In general, variegated forms of the plant species have higher VOC removal after 15 h of VOC exposure than green plants, particularly when grown in 10 μmol・m-2 ・s-1. This is more evident in A. pusilla and S. aureus than in H. helix. The highest rate of toluene, m-, p-, and o-xylene removal per hour by plants grown under 10 μmol・m-2 ・s-1 was achieved by variegated A. pusilla, while for ethylbenzene, variegated A. pusilla and variegated H. helix had the highest removal rate per hour. In plants grown in 20 μmol・m-2 ・ s-1 light intensity, variegated and green H. helix have the highest removal rate per hour of toluene and m-, p-, and o-xylene. For ethylbenzene, variegated A. pusilla and green and variegated H. helix had the highest removal rates per hour. The plant with the lowest removal rate per hour for all five VOCs was green S. aureus grown under both light intensities. The percentage VOC removal rate of variegated over green plants was 22% higher at a lower light intensity.

인공습지 축산폐수처리시스템에서 질소 및 인 처리효율 향상 방안

서동철,박종환,김아름,김성헌,이성태,정태욱,최정호,이상원,김현욱,조주식,허종수 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

To improve T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, removal efficiencies of pollutants in full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant by natural purification method with water plant filtration and activated sludge beds were investigated under different re-injection rates and injection methods of livestock wastewater. The removal rates of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in effluent in full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant were in the order of 30% < 70% ≤ 100 % at different re-injection rates. The removal rates of pollutants in effluent in full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant were higher as re-injection rate of livestock wastewater increased. Removal rates of COD, SS, T-N, and T-P by continuous injection were slightly higher than those by intermittent injection method in full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant. Removal rates of COD, SS,T-N, and T-P by continuous injection method in full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant with water plant filtration and activated sludge beds were 99.5, 99.8, 99.0 and 99.8%, respectively.