The Impacts of Need for Cognitive Closure, Psychological Wellbeing, and Social Factors on Impulse Purchasing

Myong-Han Lee,Ralf Schellhase,구동모,Mi-Jeong Lee 한국마케팅과학회 2009 마케팅과학연구 Vol.19 No.4

Impulse purchasing is defined as an immediate purchase with no pre-shopping intentions. Previous studies of impulse buying have focused primarily on factors linked to marketing mix variables, situational factors, and consumer demographics and traits. In previous studies, marketing mix variables such as product category, product type, and atmospheric factors including advertising, coupons, sales events, promotional stimuli at the point of sale, and media format have been used to evaluate product information. Some authors have also focused on situational factors surrounding the consumer. Factors such as the availability of credit card usage, time available, transportability of the products, and the presence and number of shopping companions were found to have a positive impact on impulse buying and/or impulse tendency. Research has also been conducted to evaluate the effects of individual characteristics such as the age, gender, and educational level of the consumer, as well as perceived crowding, stimulation, and the need for touch, on impulse purchasing. In summary, previous studies have found that all products can be purchased impulsively (Vohs and Faber 2007), that situational factors affect and/or at least facilitate impulse purchasing behavior, and that various individual traits are closely linked to impulse buying. The recent introduction of new distribution channels such as home shopping channels, discount stores, and Internet stores that are open 24 hours a day increases the probability of impulse purchasing. However, previous literature has focused predominantly on situational and marketing variables and thus studies that consider critical consumer characteristics are still lacking. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study builds on this third tradition of research and focuses on individual trait variables, which have rarely been studied. More specifically, the current study investigates whether impulse buying tendency has a positive impact on impulse buying behavior, and evaluates how consumer characteristics such as the need for cognitive closure (NFCC), psychological wellbeing, and susceptibility to interpersonal influences affect the tendency of consumers towards impulse buying. The survey results reveal that while consumer affective impulsivity has a strong positive impact on impulse buying behavior, cognitive impulsivity has no impact on impulse buying behavior. Furthermore, affective impulse buying tendency is driven by sub-components of NFCC such as decisiveness and discomfort with ambiguity, psychological wellbeing constructs such as environmental control and purpose in life, and by normative and informational influences. In addition, cognitive impulse tendency is driven by sub-components of NFCC such as decisiveness, discomfort with ambiguity, and close-mindedness, and the psychological wellbeing constructs of environmental control, as well as normative and informational influences. The present study has significant theoretical implications. First, affective impulsivity has a strong impact on impulse purchase behavior. Previous studies based on affectivity and flow theories proposed that low to moderate levels of impulsivity are driven by reduced self-control or a failure of self-regulatory mechanisms. The present study confirms the above proposition. Second, the present study also contributes to the literature by confirming that impulse buying tendency can be viewed as a two-dimensional concept with both affective and cognitive dimensions, and illustrates that impulse purchase behavior is explained mainly by affective impulsivity, not by cognitive impulsivity. Third, the current study accommodates new constructs such as psychological wellbeing and NFCC as potential influencing factors in the research model, thereby contributing to the existing literature. Fourth, by incorporating multi-dimensional concepts such as psychological wellbeing and NFCC, more diverse aspects of consumer informati... Impulse purchasing is defined as an immediate purchase with no pre-shopping intentions. Previous studies of impulse buying have focused primarily on factors linked to marketing mix variables, situational factors, and consumer demographics and traits. In previous studies, marketing mix variables such as product category, product type, and atmospheric factors including advertising, coupons, sales events, promotional stimuli at the point of sale, and media format have been used to evaluate product information. Some authors have also focused on situational factors surrounding the consumer. Factors such as the availability of credit card usage, time available, transportability of the products, and the presence and number of shopping companions were found to have a positive impact on impulse buying and/or impulse tendency. Research has also been conducted to evaluate the effects of individual characteristics such as the age, gender, and educational level of the consumer, as well as perceived crowding, stimulation, and the need for touch, on impulse purchasing. In summary, previous studies have found that all products can be purchased impulsively (Vohs and Faber 2007), that situational factors affect and/or at least facilitate impulse purchasing behavior, and that various individual traits are closely linked to impulse buying. The recent introduction of new distribution channels such as home shopping channels, discount stores, and Internet stores that are open 24 hours a day increases the probability of impulse purchasing. However, previous literature has focused predominantly on situational and marketing variables and thus studies that consider critical consumer characteristics are still lacking. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study builds on this third tradition of research and focuses on individual trait variables, which have rarely been studied. More specifically, the current study investigates whether impulse buying tendency has a positive impact on impulse buying behavior, and evaluates how consumer characteristics such as the need for cognitive closure (NFCC), psychological wellbeing, and susceptibility to interpersonal influences affect the tendency of consumers towards impulse buying. The survey results reveal that while consumer affective impulsivity has a strong positive impact on impulse buying behavior, cognitive impulsivity has no impact on impulse buying behavior. Furthermore, affective impulse buying tendency is driven by sub-components of NFCC such as decisiveness and discomfort with ambiguity, psychological wellbeing constructs such as environmental control and purpose in life, and by normative and informational influences. In addition, cognitive impulse tendency is driven by sub-components of NFCC such as decisiveness, discomfort with ambiguity, and close-mindedness, and the psychological wellbeing constructs of environmental control, as well as normative and informational influences. The present study has significant theoretical implications. First, affective impulsivity has a strong impact on impulse purchase behavior. Previous studies based on affectivity and flow theories proposed that low to moderate levels of impulsivity are driven by reduced self-control or a failure of self-regulatory mechanisms. The present study confirms the above proposition. Second, the present study also contributes to the literature by confirming that impulse buying tendency can be viewed as a two-dimensional concept with both affective and cognitive dimensions, and illustrates that impulse purchase behavior is explained mainly by affective impulsivity, not by cognitive impulsivity. Third, the current study accommodates new constructs such as psychological wellbeing and NFCC as potential influencing factors in the research model, thereby contributing to the existing literature. Fourth, by incorporating multi-dimensional concepts such as psychological wellbeing and NFCC, more diverse aspects of consumer informa...

비행청소년들의 충동성과 뇌기능에 대한 연구

이현정,신윤오,안동현,홍성도,이원태 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.5

Objectives : Recently, the number of adolescent criminals hospitalized for evaluation or treatment of mental illness is increasing. The aim of this study was to provide basic information for the evaluation and treatment of adolescent misconducts, based on their impulsivity. Methods : Barrat's impulsivity test was done to 64 adolescent criminals under age of 18 who were admitted to a Juvenile School between Oct. 1, 2003 and June 30, 2004. According to their recognizing impulsivity scores, the upper 30% group (high impulsivity group : HIG) and the lower 30% group (low impulsivity group : LIG) were selected. The two groups were compared on socio-demographic data, crime characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, Evoked Potential Latency and Amplitude, Cognitron and IQ. Results : 1) The high impulsivity group had lower IQ than the low impulsivity group (p<0.01). 2) No difference was found in the seriousness of committed crimes, number of crimes and the age of first committed crimes. However, the high impulsivity group fended acting alone in committing crimes (p<0.05), and more frequently upeated same crimes (p<0.01). 3) Evoked potential latency was prolonged on FzN100 (p<0.05), CzN100 (p<0.05), PzN100 (p<0.01) and amplitude was increased on FzN100 (p<0.05), CzN100 (p<0.05), PzNl100 (p<0.05) in high impulsivity group. 4) High impulsivity group showed lower scores on NOCR (p<0.01), NOCYR (p<0.01), NOCNR (p<0.01) in Cognitron. PzN100 (p<0.05) latency prolongation. CzN100 latency prolongation had positive correlation with PzN100 latency prolongation (p<0.05). 5) While the misconduct was most common problem in both groups, more ADHD diagnosis was identified in the high impulsivity group. The most frequent medical problem in low impulsivity group was with diseases of internal medicine (p<0.01) and anxiety disorders (p<0.01). Conclusion : The adolescent cnminals with high impulsivity tend to have lower intelligence and commit crimes repeatedly. They are frequently diagnosed to have ADHD. When they are compared to low impulsivity group, big differences are found in prolonged evoked potential latency and increased amplitude on N100. Hence, in the treatment and rehabilitative programs for them, considering these characteristics may be helpful.

The Effects of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom and Impulsivity on Abstinence Period of Male Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

Jung Min Jo,Sung-Doo Won,Kyung Hi Jung,Dong Hyun Ahn 대한신경정신의학회 2016 신경정신의학 Vol.55 No.4

Objectives Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is closely associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the mechanism involved in this association remains unclear. Impulsivity is one of the core traits of ADHD, and an elevated level of impulsivity increases the risk of onset of AUD. Our study focused on impulsivity as the common trait factor of these disorders. We examined the effects of ADHD symptoms and impulsivity on the abstinence period of patients with AUD. Methods Male participants with AUD completed the contents of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. We investigated participant alcohol abstinence period to evaluate severity and frequency of relapse. Results Both ADHD symptom presence and abstinence period were significantly correlated with impulsivity. Motor impulsivity showed the highest correlations with ADHD and abstinence. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that impulsivity is a predictor of abstinence period, while ADHD had a moderating effect on the relationships between impulsivity and abstinence period. Moreover, we undertook hierarchical regression analysis of motor, cognitive, and non-planning impulsivity ; only motor impulsivity and ADHD symptom showed a statistically significant interaction with abstinence period. Conclusion The results indicate a possible causal relationship between the treatment of ADHD symptoms and the extension of AUD abstinence period. In other words, treatment of ADHD symptoms may prevent AUD relapse. Impulsivity, especially motor impulsivity has an important role in the base mechanisms of these two disorders.

부모의 학대적 양육태도가 충동성에 미치는 영향 : 낙인감의 매개효과

박영숙(Park, Young-Suk) 한국교정복지학회 2021 교정복지연구 Vol.- No.73

청소년 범죄율은 청소년 인구의 감소 등의 이유로 전체적으로는 감소 추세에 있다고는 하지만 그 양상을 보면 점점 흉악화, 저연령화, 조직화되고 있다. 청소년의 범죄 및 비행에 영향을 주는 요인은 다양한데 그 중에 충동성과 비행 간의 관계에 대한 연구들을 보면, 가정의 심리 환경보다 개인 특성이 비행에 더 상관이 높게 나타났는데 개인 특성 중 특히 충동성은 높은 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 청소년의 특성 상 부모의 양육태도는 가정적 요인으로서 청소년에게 미치는 영향이 크다. 그런데 부모의 학대적 양육태도는 청소년의 충동성과 관련이 있다고 보고되고 있으며 낙인감 역시 자신을 부정적으로 평가하며 우울과 불안, 공격성과 더불어 충동성을 높이는 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 청소년들은 부모의 학대적 양육태도로 인하여 자신에 대해 부정적으로 평가함으로써 낙인감을 갖게 된다고 하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 부모의 학대적 양육태도가 충동성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 낙인감이 매개역할을 할 것이라고 보고 이에 대해 검증하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 학대적 양육태도는 낙인감에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 낙인감은 충동성에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 학대적 양육태도는 충동성에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 학대적 양육태도가 충동성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 충동성이 매개효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 매개효과의 검증을 위하여 붓스트래핑을 실시한 결과에서도 학대적 양육태도는 낙인감을 매개로 충동성에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과에 따라 청소년의 충동성과 관련하여 부모의 양육태도는 낙인감을 매개로 충동성에 영향을 미치는 중요 요인임을 알 수 있었다. Although the juvenile crime rate is on a downward trend overall due to a decrease in the juvenile population, it is becoming increasingly atrocious, younger, and more organized. There are various factors influencing adolescent crime and delinquency. Among them, studies on the relationship between impulsivity and delinquency show that individual characteristics have a higher correlation with delinquency than with the psychological environment of the home. appeared to show Due to the characteristics of adolescents, parents parenting attitude as a family factor has a large influence. In particular, it is reported that parents abusive parenting attitude is related to the impulsiveness of adolescents. It was found to be a factor that increases impulsivity along with aggression. It is also said that adolescents develop a sense of stigma by negatively evaluating themselves due to their parents abusive parenting attitudes. Therefore, in this study, stigma would play a mediating role in the process of parents abusive parenting attitudes affecting impulsivity, and this study tried to verify this. As a result, it was found that abusive parenting attitude had a significant positive effect on stigma, stigma had a significant positive effect on impulsivity, and abusive parenting attitude had a significant positive effect on impulsivity. Therefore, it was found that impulsivity had a mediating effect in the process of abusive parenting attitude affecting impulsivity. In the results of bootstrapping to verify the mediating effect, it can be seen that the abusive parenting attitude affects impulsivity through stigma as a medium. According to these results, in relation to impulsivity of adolescents, parents parenting attitude was found to be an important factor affecting impulsivity through stigma as a medium.

Analyzing the Effects of Smartphone Addiction, Parental Attachment, Peer Attachment on Impulsivity in School-Disengaged Adolescents

Gutaek Bae,Youngik Kim J-INSTITUTE 2023 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: This study examined the effects of smartphone addiction, parental attachment, and peer attachment on impulsivity among dropout adolescents, using 318 adolescents who participated in the fifth year of the Panel Survey of School Disengaged Adolescents. Method: To investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on impulsivity among school dropouts, we conducted inter-variable correlation analysis, three-step mediated regression analysis, and Sobel test. Results: First, the correlations between impulsivity, smartphone addiction, parental attachment, and peer attachment of dropout adolescents were analyzed, and the results showed that parental attachment and peer attachment were negatively related to impulsivity and smartphone addiction were positively related to impulsivity. Second, the mediating effects of parental attachment and peer attachment on the effects of smartphone addiction on impulsivity of dropout adolescents were analyzed, and the results showed that both parental attachment and peer attachment had mediating effects on reducing impulsivity of dropout adolescents. Conclusion: This study is significant in that it confirms the influence of parental attachment and peer attachment on smartphone addiction and impulsivity among dropout adolescents. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, various educational interventions are needed to reduce the impulsivity of dropout adolescents through various pathways of adolescent impulsivity, and at the same time, programs that promote healthy parent-child relationships and peer relationships should be actively implemented as a preventive measure.

충동성 구분에 따른 정서조절방략 사용이 지각된 스트레스에 미치는 영향

최지수,성기혜 한국인지행동치료학회 2022 인지행동치료 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 충동성 개념을 다차원적 충동성 모델을 바탕으로 재조명하고, 정서적 충동성(부정 긴급성, 긍정 긴급성)과 비정서적 충동성(계획성 부족, 지속성 부족)이 적응적 및 부적응적 정 서조절방략을 매개하여 지각된 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 정신건강의학과 환자 151명을 대상으로 다차원적 충동성 척도(UPPS-P), 정서조절방략 질문지(ERSQ), 지각된 스트레 스 척도(PSS), 벡 우울 척도 2판(BDI-II)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 정서적 충동성이 높아질수록 부적응적 정서조절방략을 많이 사용하였고, 이에 따라 지각된 스트레스 수준이 높아지는 것 으로 나타났다. 반면, 비정서적 충동성이 높아질수록 적응적 정서조절방략을 적게 사용하였 고, 이에 따라 지각된 스트레스 수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 각각의 결과에서 직접효과 는 유의하지 않고 간접효과만 유의하였으며, 간접효과는 우울을 통제하고도 유의하였다. 이는 충동성이 스트레스로 이어지는 경로에 정서조절방략이 핵심적인 매개역할을 하며, 특히 충동 성 구분에 따라 정서조절방략의 사용 양상이 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. The present study attempted to examine the effect of impulsivity on perceived stress through emotional regulation strategies. Specifically, this study classified the concept of impulsivity into emotional impulsivity and non-emotional impulsivity, and examined the indirect effect of adaptive or maladaptive emotional regulation strategies. A total of 151 psychiatric patients completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Emotional Regulation Strategy Questionnaire (ERSQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Beck Depression Scale 2nd edition (BDI-II). As a result, we found that the higher the level of emotional impulsivity, the more maladaptive emotional regulation strategies were used, and the perceived stress level increased. On the other hand, the higher the level of non-emotional impulsivity, the less adaptive emotional regulation strategies were used, and accordingly, the perceived stress level increased. In each result, the direct effect was not significant, and only the indirect effect was significant. Furthermore, the indirect effect was significant when the depression was controlled. These results suggest that the emotional regulation strategy plays a key mediating role in the path through which impulsivity leads to stress, and more importantly indicate that the mediation pattern of emotional regulation strategy could differ depending on the classification of impulsivity-emotional and non-emotional impulsivity.

병적 도박의 충동성과 감각추구:알코올중독과의 비교

이흥표,김정수,고효진,김갑중 대한신경정신의학회 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.1

Objectives : We investigated impulsivity and sensation seeking of pathological gambling, comparing with alcoholism and normal group. Methods : 36 pathological gamblers, who were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria, were compared with 31 alcoholism group and 26 healthy normal group with Barratt impulsivity scale and Zuckerman sensation seeking scale. Results : 1) Pathological gamblers appeared to have much more impulsivity than alcoholism group or normal group. In respect to sensation seeking, no significant differences were founded among three groups. 2) Pathological gamblers tend to have more non-planning impulsivity, cognitive impulsivity, and motor impulsivity than alcoholic group. Comparing with normal group, pathological gamblers tend to have more non-planning impulsivity and motor impulsivity, but not in cognitive impulsivity. 3) There were no differences in three sub-scales including of thrill seeking, experience seeking and disinhibition out of four sub-scales of sensation seeking scale, among three groups. However, Boredom susceptibility was higher in pathological gamblers than alcoholics and normal group. Conclusions : These results suggested that personality of pathological gambler is most impulsive and boredom susceptible, which indicates that pathological gamblers is more serious pathological clinical disorder than alcoholism.

주정 의존 환자의 충동성 및 스트레스 내인력

남궁기,이희상,전종호,현명호,천덕희,유계준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3

충동성과 스트레스는 주정 의존의 원인, 증상 혹은 위험 요인이나 재발 요인으로서 논란의 대상이 되고 있으나, 현재까지 국내에서는 이에 관한 연구가 없다. 따라서 만일 주정 의존의 원인 및 재발 요인으로 생각되는 충동성과 스트레스 내인력이 주정 의존 환자군과 대조군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 나타난다면 주정 의존의 치료에 있어서도 충동성을 낮추고 스트레스 내인력을 증가시키는데 초점을 두는 새로운 사회 기술 훈련 방법 등을 고안 적용함으로써, 보다 효과적인 치료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구가 계획되었다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국내 주정 의존 환자군을 대상으로 하여 주정 의존 환자군은 대조군에 비해 충동성의 경향이 유의하게 높을 것이고, 스트레스 내인력이 유의하게 떨어질 것이라는 가설을 검정하므로써, 주정 의존군과 대조군 사이에서 충동성과 스트레스 내인력에 어떤 차이가 있는 지를 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 29명의 주정 의존 환자군과 29명의 대조군을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 충동성을 측정하기 위해서 충동성 척도(impulsivity scale)와 인식력 검사(Cognitrone test)를 사용하였다. 연구 결과 충동성 척도 검사에서 주정 의존군은 전체 충동성 및 무계획 충동성과 운동 충동성이 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 인식력 검사에서는 주정 의존군이 대조군에 비해 틀린 문항 수가 통계적으로 유의하게 많았는데(p<0.05) 이는 주정 의존군의 충동성이 높음을 시사한다. 운동 결정력 검사의 소검사-3에서 주정의존군이 대조군에 비해 시간 내에 반응한 옳은 반응의 수가 통계적으로 유의하게 적었으며(p<0.05), 이는 주정 의존군의 스트레스 내인력이 떨어짐을 시사한다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 주정 의존 환자가 정상인에 비해 충동성이 높고, 스트레스 내인력이 떨어진다는 기존의 연구 결과들과 일치한다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 볼 때 주정 의존 환자의 치료와 예후의 판단 및 치료 효과의 평가에 충동성과 스트레스 내인력을 그 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이다. This study was attempted to make a comparison of the impulsivity and the stress tolerance between patients with alcohol dependence(alcoholic group) and control subjects(control group). The author examined 29 alcoholics and 29 control subjects by the impulsivity scale, Cognitrone test and Determination Unit test. The results were summarized as follows : The scores of IMPM(impulsivity-motor), IMPP(impulsivity-nonplanning) and IMP(impulsivity-total score) were significantly higher in alcoholic group than in control group(10.00±5.43 vs 6.38±4.84, t=2.56, d.f.=51, p<0.05 ; 15.22±6.68 vs 10.77±5.87, t=2.53, d.f.=51 p<0.05 ; 36.67±13.20 vs 27.12±11.73, t=2.78, d.f.=51, p<0.05). The number of incorrect responses(Incorrect) of the Cognitrone test was significantly higher in alcoholic group than in control group(25.52±13.26 vs 17.83±7.30, t=2.47, d.f.=43.53, p<0.05 in Student t-test). The number of timely right responses of the Determination Unit test, subset-3 was significantly lower in alcoholic group than in control group(62.79±43.13 vs 90.79±52.02, t=-2.23, d.f.=56, p<0.05 in Student t-test). These results mean that the impulsivity is higher and the stress tolerance is lower in alcoholic group than in control group. With these results, the impulsivity and the stress tolerance in alcoholic patients can be used as indicator of their treatment efficacy and prognosis.

Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated circuit from the central amygdala to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis regulates impulsive behavior

Kim, Bokyeong,Yoon, Sehyoun,Nakajima, Ryuichi,Lee, Hyo Jin,Lim, Hee Jeong,Lee, Yeon-Kyung,Choi, June-Seek,Yoon, Bong-June,Augustine, George J.,Baik, Ja-Hyun National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.45

<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Impulsivity is a tendency to act with little or no forethought or consideration of the consequences and is a major component of various psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the brain circuits that regulate reward-related impulsivity. Our genetic manipulations reveal that dopamine D2 receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala have a crucial role in reward-related impulsive behavior. By using optogenetics to control the neurons that possess these receptors, we have identified elements of a neural circuit that contributes to regulating impulsivity. This information should enable approaches to managing impulsivity associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and addiction-related disorders.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Impulsivity is closely associated with addictive disorders, and changes in the brain dopamine system have been proposed to affect impulse control in reward-related behaviors. However, the central neural pathways through which the dopamine system controls impulsive behavior are still unclear. We found that the absence of the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) increased impulsive behavior in mice, whereas restoration of D2R expression specifically in the central amygdala (CeA) of D2R knockout mice (<I>Drd2</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP><I>)</I> normalized their enhanced impulsivity. Inhibitory synaptic output from D2R-expressing neurons in the CeA underlies modulation of impulsive behavior because optogenetic activation of D2R-positive inhibitory neurons that project from the CeA to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) attenuate such behavior. Our identification of the key contribution of D2R-expressing neurons in the CeA → BNST circuit to the control of impulsive behavior reveals a pathway that could serve as a target for approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with impulsivity.</P></▼2>

다차원적 충동성 척도(UPPS-P)의 뇌 연결성-기반 타당화

곽세열,이다솜,조수연,최진영 한국인지및생물심리학회 2022 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.34 No.2

Trait impulsivity is known as a psychological construct that explains behavioral problems, including lack of attention, personality disorders, and substance use disorders in children and adolescents. While neurobiological mechanisms of adolescents’ impulsivity measured with behavioral lab tasks have been revealed using functional brain imaging techniques, little has been known whether trait impulsivity measured with self-reporting scales reflects a relevant neurobiological entity. In this study, multi-dimensional trait impulsivity scale (UPPS-P) and resting-state fMRI were acquired from 63 typically developing adolescents. We used a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to examine whether trait impulsivity reflects the brain connectivities of impulsivity network by targeting the brain regions with the Neurosynth meta-analysis system. We found that the linear combination of UPPS-P item-level responses was associated with the linear combination of impulsivity-relevant brain connectivities in the factor items of negative urgency, sensation seeking, and positive urgency. On the contrary, the brain connectivities that were not based on the meta-analysis of impulsivity did not show a meaningful canonical correlation. These results suggest that specific questionnaires that compose the trait impulsivity scale are reflective of individual differences of adolescents’ neural circuitry of impulsiveness. 특질 충동성은 아동·청소년기의 주의력 결핍, 품행장애, 물질사용 등과 같은 문제를 설명하는 심리적 구성개념으로 알려져 있다. 뇌 영상 기법을 활용하여 청소년기 충동적 행동과 관련된 뇌 구조와 기능에 대한 신경과학적 상관물이 밝혀져 왔으나, 자기보고식 척도를 통해 측정되는 특질 충동성이 어떤 신경생물학적 기반을 반영하는지 알려진 바가 적다. 본 연구에서는 63명의 청소년을 대상으로 다차원적 충동성 척도(UPPS-P)와 휴지기 자기공명영상(resting state fMRI) 자료가 수집되었다. 정준상관분석을 사용하여 각 요인별 문항 반응이 충동성 뇌 연결망과 어떤 다변량적 관계를 맺는지 탐색했다. 분석 결과, 부정 긴급성, 감각추구, 긍정 긴급성 요인 별로 뇌 연결성과의 정준상관이 유의미했다. 특히, UPPS-P의 응답 패턴은 뉴로신스의 메타분석에 기반하여 정의된 충동성-관련 뇌 연결성과 관련이 있었던 반면, 충동성-관련 영역이 아닌 뇌 연결성에서는 이러한 정준상관이 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 UPPS-P의 특정 문항 조합은 충동성-관련 뇌 연결성의 조합에 기반하고 있음을 나타내며, 자기보고 방법으로 측정되는 특질 충동성 척도의 일부 문항이 청소년의 뇌 기능 개인차를 반영하는 도구임을 시사한다.