A Study on the SPECIALIZATION Enhancement of Local Councilors

Kim Gi-hyeon,Mun Jun-ho,Lee Seung-chal J-INSTITUTE 2019 Protection Convergence Vol.4 No.2

This study was intended to explore feasible development measures based on the expertise of local councilors as a way to enhance the professionalism of local parliament. As an alternative, it proposed the establishment of a local council institute. The local council institute is thought to be a realistic measure to secure the expertise of local councilors as it can compensate for the limitations that the current legal and institutional aspects have, reduce the financial burden of local governments, and facilitate the development of agreements between local residents and politicians. This common support system for local council activities may be more effective than securing individual exper-tise in that it allows us to look at both the macroscopic(wide) and microscopic(basic) perspectives and the simi-larities and differences that the region has. It will also be able to better understand regional issues by actively utilizing local talent and effectively respond to problems in the community by consolidating networks of local universities, civic groups and local experts. If the final voting body, the local council, receives more diverse and specialized policy support and information to resolve complex and diverse regional problems, the local council will make more reasonable decisions. If these decisions can eventually improve the quality of life for local residents, they should seek feasible practical ways to secure the expertise of local council.

The Comparison of the Institution of Precedent Social Enterprise Regulations and Its Implication for a Latecomer

Chungsik Yu J-INSTITUTE 2022 Regulations Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to compare institutional arrangements between precedent social enterprises with a focus on the change of third sector organizations. Along with this, it is also to give an implication for a latecomer that insufficiently institutionalized social enterprise from the side of precedent countries of social enterprise. Method: The article reviews the policy documents and legal data of the governments and public organizations involving the UK, the US, and South Korea as well as China by applying Krasner’s model of punctuated equilibrium that gives attention to macro, meso, and micro institutions. Chapter 2 explores the paths and types of social enterprise. Chapter 3 discusses the economic environment and regime change, the legalization and legal entity, and the support system and support measure of social enterprise. Chapter 4 discusses the comparison of the in-fluence of multi-leveled institutions. Chapter 5 discusses an implication for a latecomer of social enterprise, China. Results: The article finds the influence of institution on social enterprise and an implication for a latecomer. First, the welfare liberal state with voluntary sector tradition forms the social enterprise as a separate legal entity as the state experiences an economic recession and low employment. Second, the welfare liberal state with non-profit sector tradition makes social enterprise a separable legal entity as the state undergoes economic recession and high employment. Third, the statism-centered state with an underdeveloped third sector forms social enterprise as an inseparable legal entity as the state goes through an economic recession and low employment. China as a latecomer puts together the cases of the precedent nations for its institution-building. Conclusion: This article concludes that the third sector development and character plays a critical role in form-ing social enterprise when state and market address external shock and internal conflict. Institutions tend to per-sist, but the social enterprise is formed as the existing third sector organization encounters an exogenous variable and is mediated by state and market.

The Influence of NCS-Based Curriculum on Learning Satisfaction of the Beauty Related Sector Learners for Job PROTECTION -Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Learning Immersion-

Byunghyun Yoon,Youngsun Kim,Eunjoo Choi J-INSTITUTE 2021 Protection Convergence Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: This study is to analyze the mediating effect of learning immersion in the relationship between NCS-based curriculum and learning satisfaction of the beauty related sector learners. By doing so, it aims to present basic data for revitalizing the beauty education industry and job security and protection by studying the effects of sub-factors of NCS-based curriculum on learning satisfaction of the beauty related sector learners. Method: This study collected 219 copies of answer sheets through an online survey method for learners of beauty related sector at NCS vocational training institutions. An empirical statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, PROCESS macro for SPSS. Multiple regression analysis and PROCESS macro model 4 were used. The significance of the mediating effect was confirmed through the bootstrap procedure. Results: As a result of conducting multiple regression analysis to verify the effect of the sub-factors of the NCS-based curriculum on learning satisfaction, it was found that educational content, educational method, and educational environment had a statistically significant positive effect on learning satisfaction. It was found that learning satisfaction was affected in the order of educational envi-ronment(β=.370, p<.001), educational method(β=.299, p<.001), and educational content(β=.142, p<.05). In addition, the partial mediating effect of learning immersion was judged to be statistically significant in the relationship between NCS-based curriculum and learning satisfaction. Conclusion: NCS-based curriculum was found to be a major factor in enhancing learning satisfaction in beauty related sector education, and it can be said that it indirectly affects learning satisfaction through learning immersion. Therefore, it is proposed to prepare an educational environment suitable for the characteristics of vocational training in the beauty related sector and develop suitable educational methods. In addition, if learning immersion is strengthened, it is expected to be of great help in achieving the goal.

Suggestions for Using AI in Preparation for a Super-Aging Society

이재범,Dong Liang J-INSTITUTE 2020 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: In modern society, the increase of the elderly population has become an important issue for every country. It is true that there is a difference in degree, but restrictions on physical activity in the elderly, deterioration of health, loneliness, economic poverty, and loss of social roles are challenges that we must continue to cope with. This study was conducted to find out what direction the use of AI and countermeasure strategies for the elderly should go in the face of a super-aging society. Method: To achieve this goal, this study investigated the online data of the Korean National Statistical Office's social survey, and confirmed the elderly issues in the age of super-aging by referring to the policy report on the increase of the elderly population and the diversification of social service needs, which was investigated by the Seoul Institute. Also, by identifying 30 academic research articles related to the elderly and AI provided by Korea Education & Research Information Service(KERIS), the contents judged to be consistent with the contents of this study were considered and used for analysis. Results: In the field of medical care for the elderly using AI, it could be seen as a process of changing the medical paradigm from disease diagnosis and cure centered to personalized care. In addition, the application of AI-based voice recognition system in the daily life of the elderly overcomes the vulnerability of the ability to use information technology, and can be a way to resolve the information imbalance by providing knowledge and information. However, it was confirmed that the reason for the low level of digital information among the elderly was limited and unfamiliar with adopting new technologies. Therefore, it is the time when new skill acquisition education is universally and easily required to improve the quality of life of the elderly. In particular, the protection measures related to the collection and use of personal information related to big data for the use of AI are as important as the use of AI, and should be carefully reviewed. Conclusion: This study was an opportunity to confirm that AI can be appropriately applied to various issues caused by the increase of the elderly population in the modern society facing a rapid aging. In the future, the utilization of AI is expected to expand further to public support services for the elderly.

Emerging Trends and New Improvements in Stadiums and URBAN DEVELOPMENT Using Cite Space Visualization

Xuemei Zhao,Xuefeng Bai,Hongbum Shin J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The stadiums play an important role in the development of a city. It is not only the place to hold sport events, but also an important regulating factor for the development of a city. Under the theme of sustain-able development, how to develop stadiums to play the biggest role in urban development is the topic. This paper aims to make stadium become the driving force of regional environmental change, and provide necessary condi-tions for urban regeneration and renewal, so as to drive the realization of sustainable development of the city through urban renewal and upgrading. Method: In this paper, CiteSpace 5.7.R5 was used as the research tool, the core database of Web of Science was selected as the literature source, the stadiums or venues and urban development and Olympic legacy were taken as the search terms, and the literature type was set as literature. A total of 1912 literature from 2010 to 2021 were selected for visualized analysis to draw the knowledge map of stadiums and urban development, and the number of published papers, institutions and research hotspots of related research on stadiums and urban development were studied. Results: Firstly, according to the published number of related research on the stadiums and urban develop-ment from 2010 to 2021, this period presented three different stages. The number of literature published on topics related to stadiums and urban development from 2010 to 2015 was relatively stable. From 2016 to 2018, the research on stadiums and urban development showed a sharp decrease, and the research enthusiasm began to decline. Between 2018 and 2021, the number of studies gradually increased and reached the highest number. Then, universities at home and abroad were the main research institutions on stadiums and urban development, and kept a continuous focus on this topic. Finally, the research focus in this field focused on the construction and development of stadiums, mega sport events and stadiums and the relationship between stadiums and urban development from architecture and city and link of stadiums, city and mega sport event. Conclusion: From 2010 to 2021, domestic and foreign scholars maintained a certain amount of enthusiasm in the research on stadiums and urban development, with a large number of research results. With the holding of the Olympic Games, the number of literature also increases, which provides reference resources for the follow-up research on the stadium and urban development. Second, universities at home and aboard have conducted more research on stadiums and urban development than other types of institutions. Finally, the research hotspots on stadium and urban development focuses on the analysis of the construction and development of stadium from different perspectives, mega sport events, and the relationship between stadiums and urban development from architecture and city and link of stadiums, city and mega sport event.

Challenges and Prospects of KOREAN NURSING

Park Min-hyang J-INSTITUTE 2016 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.1 No.2

The purpose of this study is to provide useful information for developing the policy for securing nursing work force in a desirable direction based on the understanding of the present situation and structure related to secur-ing the nursing work force in Korean hospitals. In order to efficiently plan nursing work force and draft policy, data analysis and decision making based on objective data and systematic information collection are required. First, the structure of policies to secure nursing work force should be clarified and evaluated. The level of nurse workforce should be considered on the extension line of the supply and demand status of other medical personnel such as doctors. Therefore, the core data on the demand and supply status of the whole healthcare workforce at the regional and national level, data of the nurses market economic situation, data demonstrating the effectiveness of nurses should be regularly updated and managed to be used as a rational decision-making material. Second, the policy of simply increasing the numbers of nursing college admissions and establishing nursing jobs is not a fundamental solution. Improvement efforts are needed, such as setting minimum standards for arranging nurses, legalizing nursing staff placement standards and linking with health insurance fee, improving quality of education such as curriculum, creating environment and culture that nurses do not leave jobs, support-ing for working place-home compatibility, increasing assignment life of nursing work force such as improving working condition of nursing work force and securing a stable supply condition by securing career nurses. Third, it is necessary to revise and supplement the differential of nursing care fees. The rating scale for nurse grades which affects shortage of nurses, should be changed from the number of beds per one nurse to the number of patients. The continuing claim of nurses and hospitals regarding the nursing management fee differential is that the added level of nursing care fees is low. It is also necessary to consider resetting the level of nursing care fees by reevaluating the admission fee including the nursing care fee. Fourth, we should shift attention from the aspect of expanding supply of nurses to the aspect of retention. With the expansion of supply of new nurses, consistent supply rationalization policy was not effective and pro-duced idle nurses. We should seek ways for nursing staffs to work for a long time without leaving the medical institution. In order to achieve the results, we should collect various cases in working hours and working forms of nurses in various working forms, such as short-time work system, flex time system, staggered office hours, telecommuting, intensive working time system, shift system of various patterns, and implement policies accord-ing to the hospital situation. Fifth, it is required to seek ways to prevent nursing staffs from concentrating on Seoul and the metropolitan area. We should consider introducing monetary incentives to encourage employment in affiliated local hospital.

The Effect of the Sports Agent s Perception Due to the Sports Agent REGULATION on the Expected Role and the Expected Job Satisfaction

Hwansuk Choi,Chanhyung Lee J-INSTITUTE 2021 Regulations Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: A sports agent is continuously developing based on the growth potential thanks to the expansion of the professional sports market, introduction of the free agent system, and the development of mass media across the sports service industry among the modern sports industries. Athletes increasingly need a negotiations expert equipped with professional knowledge and insights related to the sports, contracts, and the economic issues. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that is examines the effect of the sport agent’s perception caused by the sports agent regulations of college students concerning the sports agents capable of providing significant assis-tance for the college students’ job placement and startup on the expected role and expected job satisfaction, while presenting a future direction for the sports agent’s role and the sports agent fostering institutions’ educa-tional programs. Method: In this study, by having college students as the group as of 2021, the sampling method targeted 380 people by the convenience sampling, and the survey was conducted by using the self-administration method. and 369 questionnaires were used as valid samples, excluding the data in which some of the survey contents were omitted. The data processing for this study was conducted by the frequency analysis, Cronbach s α coefficient calculation, factor analysis, and the correlation analysis by using SPSS 25.0 Program, which is a statistical pack-age program. The multiple regression was used. Results: First, as a result of performing the factor analysis and the reliability analysis, the sports agent’s percep-tion consisted of the 3 factors of the recognition factor(α=.752), necessity factor(α=.860), and the expectation factor(α=.831). The factors for the expected role were consisted of the 3 factors of the management fac-tor(α=.862), organizational management factor(α=.746), and the financial management factor(α=.697). The ex-pected job satisfaction was consisted of the 1 factor of the expected job satisfaction(α=.845). Second, as a result of performing the correlation analysis, it was discovered that there exists a relationship between all of the factors. Third, in terms of the effect of the sports agent s perception on the expected role and the expected job satisfaction, awareness, necessity, and expectation of the sports agent s perception influence the goal management, organiza-tional management, and the financial management of the expected role, while the awareness and the necessity of the sports agent s perception and the expectation influence the expected job satisfaction of the expected job satisfaction. The target management of the expected role, organizational management, and the financial man-agement turned out to have an effect on the expected job satisfaction of the expected job satisfaction. Conclusion: The sports agent s perception turned out to have a significant effect on the expected role and the expected job satisfaction. Therefore, the development and implementation of the educational programs related to the launch of a curriculum for fostering the sports agents at colleges and universities, and the theoretical knowledge and field practice for the sports agents to have need to be explored. Along with the improvement of the ability and skills, the students who wish to become sports agents also need to make continuous efforts to im-prove their foreign language skills and understand laws and regulations to develop their qualifications, and in particular, it is also important for them to have and grow a mindset and attitude for building interpersonal rela-tionship and trust.

Improvement Direction for the Operating System of CRISIS Management Manual in KOREA

Ryu Sang il J-INSTITUTE 2018 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.3 No.1

Through analysis of operating system of crisis management manual in Korea, this study attempts to suggest the right direction for future improvement. First, it is necessary to simplify the preparation through accurate understanding of laws and regulations. In the meantime, given the Korean crisis management manual written too specifically, rather, there is too much in manual volume and there is not enough time to follow the manual sequentially in case of settlement disaster. At the time of the East Japan great earthquake disaster, they were accused of missing the Golden Time when they sequentially followed Japan’s well-written manuals. Therefore, it is desirable to make it simple and easy to understand through an accurate understanding of relevant laws and regulations. Second, it is necessary to clearly distinguish roles between institutions through practical exchanges and cooperation networks. Under the current laws, this redundant design leads to an ironic situation in which when the actual disaster occurs, leaving responsibilities of an agency to another occurs between the agencies. Therefore, manual design to enable clear division of roles among institutions to some degree through practical exchanges and cooperation will enable quicker disaster response. Third, it is necessary to build a highly effective manual based on a scenario. Although the current crisis management manual is well written, but when applied to settlement actual disaster, it is difficult to apply due to the difference between reality and theory. Therefore, in order to be practical or to increase the possibility of reality, based on the scenarios, it will be easier to apply the reality by coping with the virtual scenarios by disaster type. Fourth, it is necessary to conduct situational judgment exercises through training. In the currently available crisis management manuals in Korea, all institu-tions are unified in identifying the level of crisis alarms such as concern, attention, warning, and seriousness, each level has different responses and its collaboration is different. However, in case of actual disaster, it is diffi-cult to collaborate because it shows difference in crisis alarm level by each department or each institution. There-fore, it is necessary to conduct self-assessment exercises through scenario training. Fifth, there is an increasing need for preparing integrated manuals for complex disasters. Today, disasters do not simply end in one type of disaster, but multiply into multiple disasters. That is, when an earthquake occurs, the earthquake can lead to fire, collapse, environmental pollution, and even nuclear accident. As a result, the crisis management manual is a manual for one type of disaster, which makes it difficult to cope with a complex disaster. Therefore, the need for preparing integrated manuals considering complex disasters increases.

Direction of DISASTER Management Sys-tem Reform in Preparation for Unified KOREA

Kwon Seol a,Ryu Sang il J-INSTITUTE 2018 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.3 No.2

Various efforts are needed in preparation for the predictable Korea unification as a wind of peace blown over the Korean Peninsula brought about the long-terminated exchange between South Korea and North Korea. As bilateral relationship and exchanges are actively done, systematic and specific system needs to be established to manage highly uncertain disasters more efficiently. It is particularly important to establish the comprehensive and integrated disaster management operation system for the unified peninsula after the declaration of the end of war as bilateral relations are abruptly improved and inter-Korean exchange and cooperation continues. This study aims to elevate the tolerance in response to the unification and propose improvements of disaster safety system in the course of cooperation between the government and private institutions. Disaster management system needs to be reformed considering legalization related with research results, disaster term standardization, manual generalization, and regional characterization. It would be desirable to build up disaster management and response system starting from regions such as boundary areas, economic cooperation areas, and exchange areas not by setting a diverse range of disasters and selecting areas in hope of proper cooperation of the further inter-Korean disaster management system.

A Study on the NATIONAL SECURITY Crime in Cyber Space

Seo Bong sung J-INSTITUTE 2019 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.4 No.1

North Korea is becoming more and more secretive of the cyber duties and activities that use the Internet, and the activities of espionage are becoming increasingly internationalized and intelligent in the Ministry of United Front and Ministry of National Security. For example, it is expanding the base for penetration into China, South-east Asia and Central and South America, strengthening the overseas pro-North Korean organization, and strengthening the foreign embassies. In case of investigating a violation of the National Security Act against cyber security, it is necessary to post several articles about production and distribution of the transfer document so that the unspecified number can see it. The standards of institutions are also different and depend on subjec-tive judgments of judicial institutions. In recent years, the number of deliberations by the Korea Communications Standards Commission(KCSC) has been rapidly increasing over the past five years(2013-2017). In relation to transferring activities in the cyber space, there is a tendency that an unspecified number of people can access before past 2010, so that they can share information. Peer to Peer format in which information can be shared. In other words, cyber attacks have been placed in the key areas of the new security concept and security war, and cyber attacks that transcend national boundaries have been frequent by hostile countries or international terrorist groups, Reality supports this possibility. Therefore, in view of the changing security concept, cyber attacks are very likely to directly threaten national security, so it is important for the agency to perform security related tasks.