7. 기본연구보고서 2015-07 : 환경평가시 대안 설정 및 평가에 관한 연구

이상범,김태윤,이영재,주용준,채은주 한국환경정책평가연구원 2015 기본연구보고서 Vol.2015 No.-

The Environment Impact Assessment(EIA) is a core administrative procedure needed to avoid or minimize the inevitable environmental impairment caused by development projects and administrative policies, plans, and programmes. While there are many procedural methodologies of the EIA process, the Alternative analysis of the EIA is one of the most important methodologies needed to achieve the purpose of the EIA procedure. However, the current the EIA practice in Korea does not give much attention to the Alternative analysis and does not carry out Alternative schemes and comparisons appropriately. The purpose of this study is to clarify the problems of the Alternative analysis in the EIA process and provide procedural guideline of the Alternative analysis. This study consists of reviews of EIA Alternative cases in Korea and other countries, Alternative studies of four major development project types, the procedural and methodological improvements of Alternative scheme and comparison of EIA. As a part of this study, several cases of the EIA Alternative analysis of foreign countries and Korea are reviewed to provide a general insight of the problems of EIA Alternative comparison of Korea EIA and what the strength of EIA Alternative comparison of foreign countries are, especially regarding the adoption of multiple Alternative schemes and comparisons in the EIA process. The most prominent problem of the EIA Alternative comparison conducted in Korea is that the compared alternatives have almost the same land use planning and, as a result, the EIA Alternative comparison is not effective, almost meaningless. To figure out how to improve the EIA Alternative analysis, this study focuses on the four major development project types: urban development, industrial complex development, road construction, and dam construction. These development types represent an areal development, a linear development, and public infrastructure, and have a unique planning and decision-making procedure. Due to the uniqueness of each development types, the expected environmental effects are also quite different from each other because of the environmental properties of the selected site of each development project types. Thus, to enhance the effectiveness of EIA Alternative comparison, the foremost process is to identify the expected environmental effects of a specific development project caused by the natural/social environmental conditions of the planned site and the natural properties of the development project itself. The next step in enhance the Alternative comparison is a procedural amendment of the EIA to allow multiple Alternative schemes and comparisons to select the best Alternative that achieves the project goal. The conclusion of this study suggests these findings: the candidates of the environmental attributes that can be used in the quantitative comparisons of EIA Alternatives, the procedural amendment of EIA Alternative comparison including multi-comparisons and strengthening the EIA committees that prepare the EIA reports.

한국의 진술분석 활용현황: 서유럽 국가와의 비교

한유화,박광배 한국법심리학회 2016 한국심리학회지: 법 Vol.7 No.3

This study compared the procedure of statement analysis and the present state of its utilization in Korea with those in three Western Europe countries, Germany, Sweden, and Swiss. In order to investigate the specific procedure of statement analysis and the different state of the utilization in each country, literature was reviewed and in-depth interview was conducted with each country’s experts who have been currently working in both practical/academic field of statement analysis. Generally, in the Western Europe countries, the courts have expert lists and the experts would be requested to conduct statement analysis of a witness by the court or a party of the trial. In Korea, statement analysis could be conducted in any stage of criminal procedure. In Germany and Sweden, an expert’s testimony based on his/her statement analysis for a witness is admissible to the courts, which is the most distinctive feature in comparison to the statement analysis expert’s testimony in Swiss and Korea. An expert’s opinion is regarded as only one piece of information for criminal investigation or trial. German and Swiss courts have the minimum standards for admissible expert’s report. In Sweden, there is a scientific assessment tool, Structured Quality assessment of eXpert witness testimony (SQX-12) that would allow triers of fact to assess the quality of expert report, while no such instrument or standard have developed in Korea. On the basis of the comparison, the four ways to improve the procedural validity and the utilization of statement analysis in Korea were suggested. As these suggestions would effectively strengthen the procedural validity of statement analysis and expand the utilizability of its result in Korea, it ought to be considered as significant information in the future policy making. 본 연구에서는 진술분석의 한국 내 발전 방안을 마련하기 위해 범죄사건 해결에 진술분석을 활발하게 활용하고 있는 독일, 스웨덴, 스위스의 서유럽 국가와 한국의 진술분석 진행 및 활용 현황을 비교하였다. 서유럽 국가들에서 진술분석은 법원이 보유하고 있는 전문가 명단의 전문가들에게 의뢰되며, 진술분석에는 주로 진술타당도평가(Statement Validity Analysis: SVA) 절차가 활용되고 있었다. 한국의 경우 수사의 모든 단계에서 진술분석이 의뢰될 수 있다는 것이 가장 큰 특징이었다. 독일과 스웨덴에서는 진술분석에 대한 전문가의 의견서가 법정에서 증거능력을 인정받는 반면, 스위스와 한국에서는 진술분석 결과가 수사 및 재판 절차에서 활용되고는 있었지만 증거능력을 인정받지는 못하고 있었다. 또한 독일과 스위스는 판례를 통해 재판에서 전문가의 의견이 증거로 제시될 경우 그 의견서가 갖추어야 하는 최소한의 요건을 제시하고 있었다. 스웨덴에서는 전문가 의견서의 질을 평가하기 위해 구조화된 전문가 증언의 품질 평가 도구(Structured Quality assessment of eXpert witness testimony: SQX-12)가 개발되어 있었다. 이러한 비교 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 한국 내 진술분석의 발전을 위해 네 가지 개선 방안을 제안하였으며, 본 연구의 제안 내용은 향후 정책마련을 위한 중요한 정보로 고려되어야 할 것이다.

러시아의 민족 언어 지원정책 분석연구: 소련의 민족 언어 평등정책과의 비교를 중심으로

전병국 한국러시아문학회 2016 러시아어문학 연구논집 Vol.53 No.-

Through globalization, the whole world is folding into a multicultural era. This era has escaped the current country’s and nation’s frame, and while experiencing a new form of social and cultural disputes, it has faced realistic problems such as racial conflicts, alienation, and discrimination. Especially in multi-ethnic countries, the conflicts within the nation are deepening and becoming more complex than in the past. Therefore, the national policy enforcement within the multi-ethnic country is becoming the core key word for the unity, maintenance, and improvement of the country. A Correct and efficient national policy enforcement could be the cornerstone of the multi-ethnic country; however, the regressive national policy could also threaten or dismantle the country, becoming its key of existence or destruction. And the ethnic-language policy plays a core role in that national policy. Ethnical identity can be defined as one’s individual’s feeling of belonging to a specific nation due to the shared national characteristic. The ethnic Language is the essential tool to maintain and achieve the national characteristic. The ethnic language is the nation’s representative symbol, and through the language, the national culture and identity are inherited. Therefore, the next generation’s ethnic language’s communication ability will become the benchmark for judging the national identity’s continuation. The sum of all formal management and administrative measures relating to the ethnic language is called ethnic language policy. The analysis research of the ethnic language policy is an indicator understanding the national policy’s identity aimed by the nation. As a scale that predicts the direction of the continuation of the national policy, the analysis research is massive in its value. This analysis research of the Russian ethnic language policy puts the analysis of the Russian government’s support policy for non-Slavic ethnic groups in Russia as its core. However, this analysis does not only review the efficiency of the Russian government’s ethnic language policy. Through the transition point in time of when Russia has truly entered the multi-cultural society, we will examine the identity and the direction of the Russian ethnic language policy. According to the policy’s identity and direction, the future of the Russian multi-cultural society’s future may change. This research is an analysis research using the collected documentary records to find differences between the Russian ethnic language support policy and the Soviet Union’s ethnic language equality policy. Firstly, through the analytic background from the times of the Soviet Union to modern Russia, the basic operation is grasping the diachronic approach method of the contents of the ethnic language policy. Through these kinds of processes, the analysis of the causes and basic characteristics of the Soviet Union’s and Russian ethnic language policy towards non-Slavic ethnic group took place. Later, using both the Soviet’s ethnic language equality policy and the research frame called the comparative analysis, the identity, limitations, and the objectives of selected analysis target, the ethnic language support policy (Core analysis policy: multi-lingual permit policy and the native language education support policy) was sought out. The policy comparison isn’t the differences between the advantages or the disadvantages. Using the analysis of the similarities and the differences, instead of the efficiency of the policy, the analysis revealing the character of the policy is considered as the core of the policy comparison.

Comparison and Validation Between Analysis and Test for Vibration Evaluation of Nuclear Fuel Assembly

Jongmin Lim,Sang Soon Cho,Jaehoon Lim,Woo-seok Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2

A comparison and validation between the analysis and vibration test data of a nuclear fuel assembly were conducted. During the comparison and validation process, various parameters that govern the vibration behavior of the fuel assembly were determined, including nuclear fuel rod’s stiffness, spring constants of the dimple and spring of support structures, and damping coefficients. The calibration of the vibration analysis model aimed to find analysis parameters that can accurately simulate the vibration behavior of the test data. For calibration, power spectral density (PSD) diagrams were generated for both the measured signals from the test and the calculated signals from the analysis. The correlation coefficient between these two PSD plots was calculated. To find the analysis parameters, each parameter was defined as a variable with an appropriate range. Latin hypercube sampling was used to generate multiple sample points in the variable space. Analysis was performed for the generated sample points, and PSD plot correlation coefficients were calculated. Using the generated sample points and their corresponding results, a Gaussian Process Regression model was implemented for PSD plot correlation coefficients and the maximum PSD value. Based on the constructed surrogate model, the optimal analysis parameters were easily found without additional computations. Through this method, it was confirmed that the analysis model using the optimal parametes appropriately simulates the vibration behavior of the test.

Numerical analysis for the structural strength comparison of St. Jude Medical and Edwards MIRA bileaflet mechanical heart valve prostheses

권영주 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.2

This paper presents a numerical analysis for the structural strength comparison of the St. Jude Medical bileaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis with flat leaflet and the Edwards MIRA bileaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis with curved leaflet. Computer aided engineering systems are used in the analysis. The blood fluid pressure is applied to both flat and curved leaflets of the bileaflet mechanical heart valve prostheses for the rigid body dynamic analysis to confirm the almost same dynamic characteristics of both flat and curved leaflet motions. Thereafter, using the same blood fluid pressure and dynamic characteristics of leaflet motions, structural mechanic analyses for both flat and curved leaflets of the mechanical heart valve prostheses are carried out to show quite different stress and deformation results, respectively. Conclusively, from the viewpoint of stress, it is revealed that the St. Jude Medical bileaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis is structurally stronger and better than the Edwards MIRA bileaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis. Computer aided engineering systems used in this comparative structural analysis are ADAMS for the rigid body dynamic analysis, and NISA for the structural mechanic analysis.

붓스트랩을 이용한 다중비교

백아현,박만식 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.1

Multiple comparisons is the process of comparing means among several groups. If the null hypothesis of no overall difference of population means among the groups is rejected, we make comparisons between any two groups through multiple comparisons. Then, if each of two-group comparison are to be taken under the preassigned level of significance, alpha, then total significance level will definitely be bigger than alpha, which should be maintained through the hypothesis testing. To compensate the defect, the study to keep confidence level as a 1-alpha has continued. The Holm’s method called the sequentially rejective method is a multiple comparison which enhances the power by retaining FEW (family-wise error rate). In this study, we propose t-statistic as statistic for the hypothesis testing for group comparison where all the populations follow normal distributions by employing bootstrapping techniques based on Holm’s approach. Main results from the real application show that the testing orders under our proposal can be different from those by the simple difference of the two means and the t-statistic based multiple comparison takes the sample sizes and variabilities of the groups into account. 다중비교(multiple comparison)란 실험설계(experimental design)나 횡단면 연구(cross-sectional study)에 있어서 집단이 셋 이상인 경우 이 집단들 간의 세부적인 비교가 이루어지는 과정이다. 모든 집단 간의 평균값에 차이가 없다는 귀무가설이 기각된다면, 다중비교를 통하여 두 집단씩 평균비교를 한다. 이때, 실제 유의수준이 정의한 alpha보다 훨씬 커지게 되는데 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 신뢰도를 1-alpha로 유지하는 연구가 계속되었다. Holm(1979)은 Bonferroni방법을 근간으로 순차적 기각 방법(sequentially rejective methods)을 적용하여 Holm방법을 제안하였다. Holm방법은 FWE(familywise error rate)를 유지하여 검정력을 높이는 다중비교방법이다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 Holm방법을 기반으로 붓스트랩을 이용한 다중비교 검정법에서 t-통계량을 검정통계량으로 제안한다. 두 집단씩 짝을 지어 t-통계량을 구한 후 각 t-통계량에 대한 p-값을 붓스트랩을 통하여 구한다. 기존의 두 집단 간 단순 평균 차이를 검정통계량으로 사용하는 경우 표본의 크기와 분산의 동일성여부를 반영하지 못하지만 t-통계량을 검정통계량으로 사용하면 이러한 문제점을 보완할 수 있다. 사례분석을 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 적용한 결과, 기존방법과 t-통계량을 검정통계량으로 했을 때의 검정순서에 차이가 발생하며 이를 통해 다른 의사결정이 이루어질 가능성이 존재함을 확인하였다.

A pilot application study of densitometric image analysis as a potential comparative evaluation method for visualized fingerprints

Eun-Ji Kim,Soo-Kyung Kim,Kyung-Suk Seo,Sung-Woon Choi 한국분석과학회 2020 분석과학 Vol.33 No.4

The current comparison methods with scoring systems that are used to compare visualized latent fingerprints (LF) have disadvantages. Evaluators using these methods are prone to make errors and fail to discriminate LFs correctly to notice the differences among those LFs. Therefore, a comparative and quantitative evaluation method that is capable of obtaining more objective and quantitative results is needed. Densitometric image analysis (DIA) is used in other fields as a reliable semi-quantitative comparison method. To apply DIA to LFs, the potential variables that can occur during the DIA process were tested. The visualized ridges of LFs can be compared using the concentration of dots against the background to make it possible to analyze the ridges with DIA. The variables that can be present during the DIA process include the thickness of the analysis line, the number of ridges to be taken, the number of divided zones within each of the fingerprints, and the angles of the analysis line against the ridge lines that were selected. From the analysis of the inked fingerprints and circular lines that are similar to fingerprints, the angle of the analysis lines with the ridge line was the most significant variable. The preliminary test result was applied to the comparison of LFs that were developed with the powder method and then compared with the AFIS analysis. A similar trend was found, and a more detailed and semi-quantitative comparison of the visualized LFs was possible. In the future, it is necessary to check the evaluative ability of the DIA method by analyzing the visualized LFs with other various development methods. However, DIA is currently an option that can be used as an objective comparative evaluation method during fingerprint studies with supplementary role.

남성클럽 패션 선호도에 관한 연구

강지영,윤진아 한국니트디자인학회 2012 패션과 니트 Vol.10 No.3

For survey analyses, male survey analysis, survey comparison analysis of club fashion in Gangnam and Hongdae, and comparison of male and female survey analysis. Questionnaires were different for males and females. The study results are the same as the following. First, in terms of male survey analysis, there were most cases when club visits were made with friends more than once a month in order to release stress. Club fashions were diversely selected from hip hop, punk, sexy, and dandy styles. However, the most desired club fashion style is the dandy style. There were many people who responded that club fashion can be worn in everyday life, and many people stated that information about club fashion was provided through public media such as TV, magazine and the internet. In terms of purchase of club fashion, styles that can give positive impression to the opposite gender was preferred. Black color was the most preferred color. For the question asked about the accessory that is most suitable for club fashion, most responded that hats are most adequate. Second, in terms of survey comparison analysis of club fashion in Gangnam and Hongdae, two regions did not pursue completely different fashion styles. However, it was identified that 20's in the two regions desired different fashion styles. Those in Hongdae preferred unique fashion styles, and those in Gangnam preferred more refined and decent styles. Thirdly, as a result of survey analysis for males and females, the result of male club fashion image displayed that the highest number of people preferred hip hop and sexy styles. Females preferred sexy style. Both males and females preferred black color. For accessories, males preferred hats the most, and females showed preference for earrings and necklaces. Dandy style was selected as the club fashion males want to wear when visiting clubs as well as the male club fashion considered most attractive by females. As mentioned above, current club fashion in Gangnam and Hongdae areas showed similarities, and male club fashion preferred by males and women did not display significant differences.

다수 집단의 측정동일성 검정을 위한 임의효과 모형: 다층 확인적 요인분석(ML CFA)과 다층 요인혼합모형(ML FMM)의 비교

손수경,김효진,홍세희 한국심리학회 2019 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.38 No.2

집단 비교 연구 시 측정동일성의 성립 여부는 집단 간 의미 있는 비교를 하기 위한 필수 요건으로 제시되고 있다. 이를 위해 일반적으로 다집단 확인적요인분석(MG CFA)이 널리 사용되어 왔으나, MG CFA는 비교집단이 소수일 경우에 적합한 것으로, 많은 집단을 비교하게 되는 국가 비교 연구에서는 그 한계가 제기된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 10개 이상의 많은 수의 국가(혹은 집단)를 비교하기에 적절한 방법론인 다층 확인적요인분석(ML CFA)과 다층 요인혼합모형(ML FMM)을 이용한 분석 방법론을 기술하였다. ML CFA는 절편만을 임의효과로 추정하는 임의절편모형과 요인계수도 임의효과로 추정하는 임의절편 및 임의요인계수모형으로 구분하여 장단점을 기술하였다. 구체적으로 각 방법론에 대한 이론적 모형과 측정동일성 검정 절차를 제시하고, 기존의 MG CFA에 비해 지니는 이점 및 적용 시 유의해야 할 사항을 서술하였다. 또한 이러한 방법론을 적용한 예시로서, PISA 2015 자료를 활용하여 학생이 인식한 과학의 도구적 동기 및 즐거움에 대해 국가별 측정동일성 검정 절차를 분석하고 국가별 잠재평균을 추정하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 향후 연구 및 의의에 대해 논의하였다. In multi-group analysis, measurement invariance is a requirement for meaningful comparisons between groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG CFA) has been widely used for group comparisons. However, MG CFA is appropriate for comparisons with a small number of groups and is limited for a large number of groups, in particular, in cross-cultural comparative studies. To overcome the limitation of MG CFA, this study described alternative approaches: multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML CFA) and multilevel factor mixture modeling (ML FMM), which are effective for comparing more than 10 groups. In ML CFA, its advantages and disadvantages were described by introducing two models: random intercept models that estimate only intercepts as random effects and random intercept and loading models that estimate intercepts and factor loadings as random effects. Specifically, this study presented theoretical models for the two methods and procedures for testing measurement invariances. In addition, this study discussed advantages of ML CFA, relative to those of MG CFA, and several points that should be considered when applying ML CFA. And, as an example of applying ML CFA, this study conducted latent means analysis across countries for instrumental motivation of science and enjoyment perceived by students using the PISA 2015 data. Finally, implications of this study and future research directions were discussed.

Analysis and Prototype Design for Price Comparison in China and Korea

Park Jong-Hoon,Kim Chul-Won The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.3 No.3

Korea-China with the fastest speed Internet Broad Band, has achieved many progresses on Internet shopping. Especially, Korea has made a great effort on comparison website construction. A research prototype design and exploratory analysis are presented to assess success factors and impacts of Korea and China price comparison websites. For different user groups, the relationships between the characteristics of technology and tasks, usage, and organizational impacts were analysed. It shows us how to improve the applicability of fit-viability of the price comparison web sites in China after analysis. These results indicate a need for simple but highly functional price comparison applications. And we designed a sample model to include an interactive web service system for price comparison sites that complement existing information systems. This paper provides a basis for further research aiming to improve the design and management of business applications based on emerging technologies of web service and browser for information management.