식민지 조선·대만에서의 ‘家制度’의 정착 과정 - ‘戶主·家族’과 ‘戶主相續’ 개념을 중심으로 -

이정선 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2011 한국문화 Vol.55 No.-

This study investigated how Imperial Japan transplanted the Japanese family system, or “Ie”, in colonial Korea and Taiwan. The process was that of removing the conflict between the Chinese legal system and the Japanese Meiji civil law. In Taiwan, the first process was the introduction of the conception of “Ie” unit composed of a family-head and his family and the concept of family-head succession. Second, Japan expanded the application of Japanese Meiji civil law to Taiwanese domestic relations law and making a family register system. That is, as there were few customs related to this, Japanese “Ie” was directly transplanted in Taiwan. In contrast, in Korea, Imperial Japan first regulated the family system with patriarchal clan rules and made family units as a branch of the patriarchal clan. The second process was reducing the range of kindred, fixing up the range of family unit, and separating the concept of family-head succession from ancestral rites succession. Then, finally the principal of Japanese “Ie” was introduced, contrary to the patriarchal clan rules. In sum, after the family system with patriarchal clan rules was formed, the family unit was reformed to Japanese “Ie”.

농촌 가부장제 실행 원리로서 가족농 규범과 성 통제 : 청년여성 후계농업인의 정착 과정을 중심으로*

이순미 한국가족학회 2023 가족과 문화 Vol.35 No.3

가족농 규범은 농업의 부계 계승과 가족노동력을 기본 구조로 하여 농업에서 여성의 종속적 지위를 보증하는 한국 농촌사회의 핵심적인 조직 원리이다. 그동안의 농촌 젠더 연구는 주로 여성농업인의 과중한 역할과 낮은 보상을 문제시하였으나 가족농 자체를 적극적으로 문제제기하지 못한 한계가 있다. 이 연구는 가족농 규범이 상정하는 ‘농업인’ 개념에서 벗어난 청년여성 후계농업인들의 정착 경험을 통해 가족농 규범의 실행 원리를 규명하고 이에 대한 청년여성들의 대응이 가족농 규범을 어떻게 균열하는가를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 청년여성 후계농업인들은 가족농 규범과 성적 통제를 수단으로 하는 농촌 가부장제를 균열하는 주체들임에는 분명하나 가족주의를 자원으로 동원함으로써 가족농 규범의유지에도 일정정도 기여하고 있었다. 청년여성 후계농업인에게 부계 가족주의는 농업인되기의 자원이자 장벽이라는 양가적 의미를 가지며 동시에 농촌사회의 청년여성에 대한 성적 통제에 강하게 저항하지 못하는 배경이 되었다. 청년여성 후계농업인은 여성을 농업보조자로간주하는 지배적 규범의 압력을 일상과 모든 관계에서 직면하므로 스스로를 농업인으로 가시화하는 것은 가족농 규범에의 도전이라 할만하다. 그러나 미확정적인 승계, 가족의 안녕을 위한 자기 검열과 순응, 청년여성농업인들만의 선별적 연대는 이러한 도전이 효과적이기 어려운 제약으로 작용한다. The core organizational principle of the Korean rural society is family farming norms, which guarantees the dependent status of women in agriculture by relying on the inheritance of the agricultural profession within the family and the family labor force. Previous studies on rural gender mainly focused on the excessive role and low compensation of female farmers, but there has been a limit in actively questioning the family farming itself. This study examines the principles of family farming norms and how successor who deviate from the concept of “farmer” in the family farming norms cope with the norms and cause disruptions. The analysis reveals that successor are clearly agents that disrupt the rural patriarchy by challenging the family farming norms and sexual control, but they also contribute to maintaining the family farming norms to a certain extent by utilizing family values. The family-centric ideology for successor has a dual meaning of being a resource and a barrier to becoming farmers, and it is also the background that makes it difficult for them to resist sexual control over young women in rural society. As successor face the dominant norm of considering women as agricultural assistants in their daily lives and relationships, visualizing themselves as farmers is a challenge to the family farming norms. However, uncertain succession, self-censorship and obedience for the family’s well-being, and selective solidarity among young women farmer act as constraints that make these challenges less effective.

가업승계 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요인

남상순,홍정화,차진화 한국회계정보학회 2017 회계정보연구 Vol.35 No.2

There are some purposes of this study. First, how the environmental characteristic affects the decision making in family business successions. Second, how the satisfaction in interests affects both decision making and environmental characteristics related to family business successions. In order to attaining the study purpose, It considers the theoretical background and the precedent study through literature analysis by using the questionnaires. The study objects are corporations and tax delegates interested in the family business successions in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Their responses are used into the study though statistical analysis. The study sums it up in a word just like below. First, in the affection of decisions in family business successions to environmental factor characteristics, the social environmental, members, inheritance tax characteristics have similar affection to decisions of family business successions. Second, it is found that the satisfaction of interests in independent variables, the three above characteristics, has significantly affected to a family business successions by looking into the mediated affects or not. This study has some limitation as shown below. First, it cannot make sure that the response of our questionnaires is the representative of tax agency and corporation which is trying to succeed the business to their family. Also, there could make the mistake of hasty generalization for that the responses do not understand exactly to complicated tax requirements. Second, What does family business inheritance decision makes cause and effect that family business inheritance was able to investigation which found differences between the object of company and Tax agency from survey. However, the investigation was not enough to found limits of causes. Third, the research show bounded of family business inheritance decision to cause and effect such as, training successor or succession to a family occupation property which include distribution of family occupation. Finally, the study try to found that what family business inheritance affect decision in relation of environmental family business by logical reason. However, the study need to provide advanced research which need to base on specific relation. 본 연구의 목적은 가업승계 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 가업승계관련 환경특성요인이 무엇인지, 이해관계인 만족도에 따라 가업승계 의사결정이 달라지는지 살펴봄으로써 가업승계를 가로막는 장애요인을 파악하여 가업승계를 활성화시킬 수 있는 방안에 대해 연구하는 것이다. 설문지 조사연구방법을 적용하였다. 세무사. 공인회계사 등 전문적인 지식을 갖춘 세무대리인과 가업승계 대상기업 근무자를 설문대상자로 하여 설문지 조사연구방법을 적용하였다. 총800부의 설문지를 배부하여 241부를 회수하여 응답내용이 부실한 8부의 설문지를 제외한 233 부를 분석에 이용하였다. 수집된 자료의 기초자료분석으로 기술통계량, 신뢰성, 타당성, 상관분석을 하였고, 가설검증을 위한 분석으로 독립변수와 종속변수의 관계는 다중회귀분석을 이용하였고, 가업승계 환경특성요인과 가업승계 의사결정 의 관계에서 이해관계인 만족도의 매개변수 역할을 검증하기위하여 매개회귀분석을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가업승계 관련 환경요인별 특성변수 중에서 사회환경특성(외부환경, 내부환경), 구성원특성(경영자 특성, 근로자 특성), 상속세제특성(상속요건, 사후관리요건) 모두 가업승계 의사결정에 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 영향력 크기는 내부환경>외부환경, 경영자 특성>근로자 특성, 사후관리요건>상속요건으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가업승계 환경특성요인과 가업승계 의사결정의 관계에서 이해관계인 만족도가 매개변수로서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

가족관련 교과목 수강 여대생의 가족기능성 강화를 위한 교과내용의 제안

윤종희,김리진 생활과학연구소 2005 생활과학연구 Vol.10 No.-

The main purposes of the present study were twofolds: first, to assess and describe the level of family function of female college students and secondly, to propose curriculum contents designed to enhance family adaptability and cohesion for the college students. The proposition was made based on the analysis of family functioning level of these college students in relation to socio-demographic factors and their willingness to take family-related courses. The subjects were 169 undergraduate students attending a 4-year women's university, located in Seoul. The level of family functioning was assessed by Family Adaptability & Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACES Ⅲ). FACES Ⅲ was originally developed by Olson and Wilson(1985) and adapted in Korea by Yoon, Chan Jung(1995). Data were analyzed by frequencies, means, ANOVA, and scheffe post-hoc test, using SPSS 10.0. The results were as follows: (1) the mean of family functioning level of the female college students was found to be relatively high, compared to the results of previous studies; (2) there was a significant difference in the mean level of family functioning in relation to parents' educational level, among other factors; (3) approximately seventy percents of the subjects said that they would like to take three or more of family-related courses, if given the opportunity. Based on these results, implication for curriculum contents for family-related college courses were further discussed.

여성인적자원의 활용을 위한 가족친화적 정책의 적용

정영금 대한가정학회 2002 Family and Environment Research Vol.40 No.11

Many women experience the conflicting demands of work and family life according to the increase of employed women. Their demand for balance of two spheres makes the companies have family friendly policy. Family friendly policy is win-win policy which gives benefits to the employers and the employees by helping the employees to balance of their lives. But this policy has been recognized as the one for women and which only companies have to carry out. This study aims to suggest and extend the applicable field of the family friendly policy, and press that the whole society have to be family friendly. So, this study examined the necessity of family friendly policy in the aspects of company and society. And it showed how the employers, policy makers, general public society and communities support the family by carrying out and applying the policy in USA.

장애아동 어머니의 가족스트레스와 적응에 관한 구조모형

이경희,박정숙,김정남,고효정,박청자,박영숙,권영숙,신영희 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1993 정신간호학회지 Vol.2 No.-

In comparison with the long and continuous history of research in the general area of stress and coping, theoretical and clinical interest in family stresses, hardships, and adaptation is a recent phenomenon. Today family behavior in response to predicable and unpredictable life events has gained respect as an important area of theory building, research, and intervention. To understand the phenomena of family behavior, comprehensive theoretical frame-work is needed which gives a background to us. For the purpose that, this study was designed to develop and generalize a structural model for family stress and adaptation in families with handicapped children. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of the family stress theory developed by McCubbin etc. The model included 6 theoretical concepts and 12 paths. For the purpose of model testing, empirical data were collected from June to December, 1993. The subjects of the study constituted 82 mothers of children in three special schools in Taegu. An SPSS PC+ and PC-LISREL 7.13 computer programs were used for descriptive and covariance structure analysis. 1) The results of covariance structure analysis indicated : The hypothetical model showed itself a good fit to the empirical data 64(df=5, P=0.343), Goodness of Fit Index=0.994, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index=0.969, Root Mean Square Residual=0.035]. 2) The results of Hypothesis testing indicated : (1) Social Support(γ=.336, T=2.052) and Family Functioning(γ12=.697, T=4.163) had direct effects on Situational Definition. (2) Social Support(γ23=-.229, T=4.453) and Situational Defiition(β2^1=-.263, T=-2.070) had direct effects on the effect of the handicapped child on the family. (3) Family functioning(γ32=.411, T=3.591) had direct effects on Family Adaptation. (4) The Family Stress(β32=-.301, T=-2.59) had direct effects on Family Adaptation. The model was supported by the empirical data. Thus it was suggested that the model could be adequately applied to family nursing care with families with handicapped.

경제적 어려움을 경험한 집단의 가족생활만족도와 영향요인

박종옥 한국FP학회 2019 Financial Planning Review Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find family life satisfaction and its influence on a group that experienced economic difficulties. Data were obtained from 2017 12th Korea Welfare Panel Study, and 1,131 subjects, who had experienced economic difficulties for last year, were selected (economic difficulty experienced group). A total of 2,201 subjects, who had experienced other difficulties except for economic difficulties (other difficulty experienced group) and 3,112 subjects who had no any difficulties (no difficulty experienced group) were selected. Main results were as follows. First, family life satisfaction measured by a 7 point Likert scale revealed 5.50 for the total group, 5.04 for economic difficulty experienced group, 5.41 for the other difficulty experienced group, and 5.74 for no difficulty experienced group. For economic factors (expenditure/income index, monthly expenditure/total liquid asset index, total debt/total liquid asset index, total debt/total asset index, subjective income satisfaction), the levels of the group that experienced economic difficulties were the lowest out of the three groups. For psychological factors (depression, self-esteem), the group that experienced economic difficulties showed the most negative levels of three groups. For the family relation factors (spouse relation satisfaction, child relation satisfaction, stress from daily life), the group that experienced economic difficulties showed the most negative levels out of the three groups. Second, for the group experienced economic difficulties, family life satisfaction for men (husbands) was lower than that for women (wives). In addition, a lower depression and stress from daily life were associated with a higher self-esteem and spouse-child relation satisfaction, and the higher family life satisfaction. Furthermore, psychological factors and family relation factors had significant effects on family life satisfaction for all three groups. In contrast, economic factors, which did not show significant effect on family life satisfaction for the economic difficulty experienced group, had partially significant effects on family life satisfaction for other two groups. Third, a comparison of the influence levels based on the results of hierarchical regression analysis, family relation factors were the strongest factors influencing family life satisfaction, followed in order by the psychological factor, economic factors, and socio-demographic factor. Finally, based on the above main results, to enhance the family life satisfaction of the families who were having economic difficulties, and economic support policy would be necessary. On the other hand, family’s economic improvement might be not easy in a short period time. In that sense, psychological support programs, such as spouse support program, stress reducing program, and improving family relationship program might be helpful in enhancing family life satisfaction on the short term. 본 연구는 경제적 어려움을 경험한 집단의 가족생활만족도와 그 영향요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제12차 복지패널 자료를 이용하여 총 6,444명을 대상으로, 지난 1 년간 경제적 어려움 집단 1,131명, 경제적 외의 어려움 경험집단 2,201명, 그리고 어떠한어려움도 경험하지 않은 집단 3,112명을 구분하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족생활만족도는 전체집단이 7점 중 5.50이었고, 경제적 어려움 집단(5.04)이다른 하위집단에 비해 만족도가 가장 낮았으며, 경제적 요인(가계수지지표, 비상자금지표, 중기부채부담지표, 장기부채부담지표, 주관적 수입만족도) 및 심리적 요인(우울감, 자아존중감), 가족관계적 요인(배우자 및 자녀관계 만족도, 성역할관, 가정생활 스트레스) 모두 경제적 어려움 집단이 가장 부정적으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경제적 어려움 집단의 가족생활만족도는 우울감과 가정생활 스트레스가 낮을수록, 자아존중감과 배우자․자녀관계만족도가 높을수록 만족도가 높았다. 전체 및 다른하위집단 비교해보면, 심리적 요인과 가족관계적 요인은 유사한 결과를 보였으나, 경제적 요인은 경제적 어려움 집단에서는 유의하지 않았던 요인이 다른 집단에서는 부분적으로 유의하였다. 셋째, 위계적 회귀분석을 통하여 사회인구학적, 경제적, 심리적, 가족관계적 요인들이가족생활만족도를 어느 정도 설명하는지를 살펴본 결과, 전체 및 하위집단별 집단 모두에서 가장 영향력이 큰 것은 가족관계적 요인이었으며, 심리적 요인, 경제적 요인, 사회인구학적 요인의 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결론을 기초로 경제적 어려움을 겪고 있는 집단에 대한 정책적 지원 및심리상담을 통한 심리적 지지 및 관계 개선의 필요성을 제안하였다.

기업의 가족 친화적 문화와 아버지의 자녀양육 참여: 일-가족 갈등의 매개효과를 중심으로

이숙현,권영인 한국가족학회 2009 가족과 문화 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand family friendliness of Korean companies and its direct and indirect influence on paternal involvement in child care. For this purpose, we first explored family-friendly policies of 23 Korean companies reported by 237 fathers as well as the actual usage of those policies. In addition, we prepared path analysis model to examine direct influence of family friendly workplace culture on paternal involvement and mediating effect of work-family conflict on the relationship between family-friendly workplace culture and paternal involvement. Family-friendly workplace culture includes family-friendly polices, family supportive work environment and father's weekly working hours. SAS 9.1 program and M-plus 5.0 program was applied to analyze the data. According to the descriptive analysis, Korean fathers recognized only few family-friendly policies of their companies. Financial support for child rearing, unpaid leave policy, and parental leave policy were the most frequently recognized policies. Although fathers knew about family-friendly policies, they rarely used those policies, and the actual usage rate of family-friendly polices was very low. The result from the path analysis showed that number of family-friendly policies recognized by fathers and fathers' weekly working hours directly influenced paternal involvement in child care. In addition, fathers' work-family conflict was partially mediating the relationship between family supportive work environment and paternal involvement, and between fathers' working hours and paternal involvement. 본 연구는 23개 기업에서 일하는 237명의 아버지들을 대상으로 하여, 기업의 가족 친화적 정책에 대한 인식 및 사용 현황을 알아보았다. 또한, 경로분석 모형을 사용하여 기업의 가족 친화적 문화가 아버지들의 자녀양육 참여에 미치는 직접적인 영향과 일-가족 갈등을 매개로 하는 간접적인 영향을 검증하였다. 기업의 가족 친화적 문화에는 아버지들이 인지하는 가족 친화적 정책의 수, 가족 친화적 조직 분위기, 그리고 아버지들의 주당 근무시간이 포함되었다. 수집된 자료는 SAS 9.1 프로그램과 M-plus 5.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 아버지들은 가족 친화적 정책 중 자녀 성장지원제도, 무급 휴가제도, 그리고 육아휴직제도를 가장 많이 시행되고 있다고 인식하였다. 하지만, 아버지들이 가족 친화적 정책을 인식하고 있더라도 실제 정책을 사용하는 정도는 매우 낮게 나타났다. 아버지들이 느끼는 일-가족 갈등이 가족 친화적 조직 분위기 및 아버지의 주당 근무 시간과 자녀 양육 참여 정도와의 관계를 매개하는지 분석한 결과, 일-가족 갈등이 이들의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 아버지들이 근무하는 기업의 조직 분위기가 가족 친화적일수록 아버지들의 일-가족 갈등이 낮아지고, 일-가족 갈등이 낮을수록 자녀 양육에 좀 더 참여하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 아버지들의 근무 시간이 적을수록 그들이 느끼는 일-가족 갈등이 낮아지고, 일-가족 갈등이 낮을수록 자녀 양육에의 참여가 증가하였다.

中国家事纠纷审判组织专门化问题研究 -以域外家事法院(庭)为视角-

邹郁卓,王辛 전북대학교 동북아법연구소 2018 동북아법연구 Vol.11 No.3

Family law covers both society and private dispute resolution functions. Over the past few decades, with the social changes and the weaken of traditional litigation, the interaction between law and family occured the new opportunities for development.From the historical perspective, family law has played a significant role in shaping family values,interpersonal relationships and other concepts. With devoting itself to promoting the well-being of family, family law ushered in its great moment of "renaissance". This great moment of "renaissance" requesting the court to make substantial changes in dealing with current treatment of family law issues, including reversing the traditional judicial concept, reorganizing the existing court system , improving family procedure legislation etc. Constructing a modern family specialized court mechanism is the positive response to the above changes.The Chinese family dispute resolution has undergone a remarkable transition from time to time. In order to cope with the endless stream of family problems and get rid of the scarcity of judicial resources, the concentration of family-based cases by a specialized court or tribunal is the starting point for the specialization and centralization of the judiciary. In the process of designing the specialization of family disputes trial organization, we need to consider various factors comprehensively, especially in the design of specific system, we should conduct a careful assessment and a thorough investigation of the situation. 家庭法涵盖了社会和私人的双重纠纷解决功能。过去几十年间,随着社会变迁以及传统对抗式诉讼的式微,法律与家庭的互动有了新的发展。从历史的角度看,家庭法形塑了有关家庭价值、人际关系等概念。随着家庭法转向以促进家庭福祉为本位,家庭法迎来了其“复兴”的伟大时刻。此项“复兴”要求法院对目前处理家庭法律问题的方式作出实质性变动,包括扭转传统司法理念、重组现有的法院系统、完善家事程序立法等方面,构建专门的家事法院或法庭正是对上述变动的积极回应。我国家事纠纷解决程序也历经了一场跨时代的显著转型,为因应层出不穷的家庭问题并挣脱司法资源紧缺困境,将家事案件集中由一个专门法院或专门法庭审理,乃审判机构专门化、集中化的出发点。在设计家事纠纷审判组织专门化的过程中,需要综合考虑多方因素,尤其是在具体制度设计上,需针对我国情形进行审慎评估和通盘考察。

‘열린’ 가족 담론에 대한 불교적 검토

유승무(Lew Seung-Mu),박수호(Park Su-Ho) 불교학연구회 2007 불교학연구 Vol.17 No.-

Family deconstruction has become serious social problem in present-day society. Open family movement is one of the alternatives on Family deconstruction. To success of this movement, we have to change "habits of the heart" that equates normal family with traditional family and look on various forms of open family as abnormal family. Then, how Korean Buddhism contributes to the success of Open family movement? In order to answer this question, we reviewed changes of structure and function of family. And we criticized existing theoretical debates on "open family" from the Buddhist epistemological perspective. Next, we offered a Buddhist standpoint on family based on the Sutras, examined affinity of those and open family, especially focused on paternalism and descentism. And to conclude, we suggested practical program for success of open family movement.