니켈 촉매를 이용한 탄소-탄소 결합반응

윤희성,박광용 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1997 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

탄소와 탄소를 결합시키는 반응은 유기합성에서 매우 중요한 도구중의 하나이다. Alkyl metal reagents와 aryl halides간의 cross-coupling reactions 에는 nickel 또는 palladium complexes가 촉매로서 효과적으로 사용되고 있다. 특히 primary alkyl Grignard reagents와 aryl halides간의 반응인 경우에는 NiCl 탄소와 탄소를 결합시키는 반응은 유기합성에서 매우 중요한 도구중의 하나이다. Alkyl metal reagents와 aryl halides간의 corss-coupling reactions 에는 nickel 또는 palladium complexes가 촉매로서 효과적으로 사용되고 있다. 특히 primary alkyl Grignard reagents와 aryl halides간의 반응인 경우에는 NiCl₂L₂ 형태의 촉매에 의해 가장 능률적으로 반응이 진행되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 alkyl metal reagents로서 neopentyl Grignard reagents를 사용하여 다양한 aryl halides와의 cross-coupling reaction을조사하였다. 반응의 촉매로서는 (dppf)NiCl₂가 사용되었다. Neopentyl group은 primary alkyl 형태로서 일반적으로 반응성이 적고, 구조적으로 steric hinderance의 영향 때문에 탄소-탄소 결합 형성이 어렵다고 알려진 구조이다. 본 연구에서는 두 종류의 neopentyl Grignard reagents와 네 가지의 aryl halides의 조합으로 부터 모두 8 종류의 생성물들을 우수한 수율로 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 생성물들을 GC-Mass를 이용하여 분석하였다. Carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions is one of the most useful tools in the area of organic synthesis. Cross-coupling reactions of alkyl metal reagents with aryl halides are effectively catalyzed by nickel or palladium complexes. It is especially well known that primary alkyl Grignard reagents couple with aryl halides most efficiently in the presence of NiCl₂L₂ as catalyst. The cross-coupling reactions of neopentyl Grignard reagents, which were used as alkyl metal reagents, with various aryl halides were investigated in this research. (dppf)NiCl₂ was utilized as the catalyst for these coupling reactions. Neopentyl group which is the primary alkyl group has been reported as the structure with the poor reactivity in most cases and the difficulty forming carbon-carbon coupling due to steric hinderance. From the combination of two neopentyl Grignard reagents and four aryl halides, eight cross-coupling products were prepared in good yields and analyzed by GC-Mass.

고혈압 환자들의 건강행태

김석범,강복수,윤성호,황정희,이경수 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was conducted to examine health behaviors in hypertensive patients and the factors that would affect these healthy life-styles, and to provide basic data for effective and continuous hypertension control in private medical facilities. Among those patients diagnosed as hypertension who had visited the Department of Internal Medicine of Yeungnam University Hospital during the two month period from August 2 to September 30, 1999, the present study included 222 patients who were in more than one month after the initial diagnosis of hypertension and those who had hypertension for less than 10 years. Using a structured questionnaire, the present study was conducted by a self-administered survey method, and the obtained data were analyzed with t-test, χ2-test and one-way analysis of variance using the SPSS statistical program. The scores on knowledge related to hypertension were higher as the education level of a patient was higher(p〈0.05). As for occupation, those who performed office or management jobs showed higher scores than those who were into manufacturing jobs, and as for economic status, although those patients who were in middle class showed highest scores, however, no statistical significance was observed. The scores of knowledge on hypertension was higher when the family history hypertension was present(p〈0.05). The scores of health-related behaviors were higher with higher education level and higher economic status, higher in those with family history of hypertension, and higher in those with office or management jobs than those who had manufacturing jobs(p〈0.05). Blood pressure measurement on regular basis was performed most frequently in those who were between 50∼59 years old with 83.3% and was least frequent in those who were older than 70 years old with 50%(p〈0.05). The frequency of regular blood pressure measurement was higher with higher education level, higher economic status, higher in those with family history of hypertension, and the highest in those with management position with 93.5%, however, on statistical significance was observed. Changes in health-relaxed behaviors after hypertension diagnosis were higher with higher education level, higher economic status, and in those patients performed office or management work. In particular, diet change was observed in female and higher economic status and smoking cessation was observed in 60∼69 years old. Housewives and office workers or managers have taken exercise more regularly and those who had management jobs and had high scores on knowledge related to hypertension would participate health education program more actively. Thus, for improving health-related behaviors for continuous management of hypertension, changes in health-related behaviors can be followed through conduction health education to improve understanding of knowledge related to hypertension as the method of helping to improve changes in health life-styles in those with little education and those in low economic status.

조리냉동 완자제품의 유통온도 및 품질 현황

윤성희,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1996 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

육류를 이용하여 완자모양으로 만든 조리 냉동식품의 유통과정에서의 품질 현황을 알아 보고자 서울시 전역에서 시장 점유율이 높은 D,B회사 제품 81개와 이들 제품에 비해 원료육 함량이 높고 유통기간이 짧은 M회사 제품 36개를 1995년 5-9월 중 수집하여 신선도 지표인 VBN 함량, TBA값, pH와 metmyoglobin 비율을 측정하였다. 대부분의 시료는 양호한 품질을 유지하고 있었으나, M회사의 1개 시료는 VBN 함량이 32.5㎎%, TBA값이 0.65㎎/㎏으로 초기 부패 단계에 들어서 있었다. Metmyoglobin 비율과 TBA값 사이에는 높은 정(正)의 상관관계를 보여, 지방질 산화와 육색소 산화간에는 깊은 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시료들의 냉동보관 온도는 -18℃이하의 경우는 18%에 불과했고, -14℃ 이상의 경우는 35%나 되었다. 초기부패 징후를 나타낸 시료의 보관온도는 -10℃이었으며 보관온도가 높은 시료일수록 높은 VBN함량, TBA값, metmyoglobin 비율, pH를 나타냈다. 잔여 유통기간과 이들 품질인자 간에는 서로 부(負)의 상관관계를 보여 시중에 유통된 기간이 긴 시료일수록 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 냉동식품의 유통기간 중 좋은 품질을 유지하기 위해서는 법정온도인 -18℃에서의 보관이 필수적이므로 판매자와 소비자가 이 조건을 지킬 수 있도록 적절한 교육과 홍보가 요구된다. In order to investigate the quality status of fried-frozen Korean meat ball products during retail distribution, VBN value, TBA value, pH and metmyoglobin ratio were determined for 117 samples collected in Seoul area during the period of May to September, 1995. Most samples maintained relatively good quality, but one sample of a company showed 32.5㎎% VBN value and 0.65㎎/㎏ of TBA value which indicate the early stage of spoilage. Correlation coefficient between metmyoglobin ratio and TBA value was highly significant. Samples closer to shelf-life limit tended to show higher VBN value, TBA value, metmyoglobin ratio and pH. Out of the surveyed samples, 35% were on retail shelves of temperature above -14℃, while only 18% were being sold at temperature below -18℃. It is concluded that prepared frozen foods should be stored at the recommended temperature of -18℃.

다환계 방향족 유기오염물을 함유한 폐수의 전기화학 처리

윤영재,강태구,김희정,노성희,김선일 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

This work has concerned the possibility to apply both direct and indirect electrolysis process for the treatment of waste containing poliaromatic compounds. Two different kinds of electrode materials have been used: DSA-type anodes to carry out direct electrolysis and carbon felt cathodes to ferform indirect electrolysis. On the contrary, in the case of the tested wastewater especially containing naphthalen- and anthraquinon sulphonic compounds they do not seem to be very suitable materials. Better results have been achieved using the carbon felt cathodes. In this case the COD of the tested wastewater can be remarkably decreased using H_2O_2 as oxidation agent.

水銀, 카드뮴, 크롬이 흰쥐의 肝에 미치는 影響

尹惠禎,朴熙聖 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1982 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.30 No.-

肝에 對한 重金屬의 影響을 알아보고자 水銀, 카드뮴, 크롬을 흰쥐의 腹腔內에 單回大量投與와 小量으로 1週, 2週, 3週間 每日 投與하여 肝에 畜積된 重金屬量, 總蛋白質量 變化 및 Thiobarbituric acid value를 測定하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 가. 水銀投與群 畜積되는 水銀의 量은 投與量과 期間에 比例하여 增加하지는 않았다. 水銀中毒이 發生하는 時期에는 體重이 減少되었고, 肝의 蛋白質合成도 저해되었다. 水銀은 TBA價(脂肪의 peroxidation)에 영향을 미쳤다. 나. 카드뮴投與群 肝에 카드뮴이 어느 程度까지 畜積되면 더 以上 현저한 薯積作用은 없었다. 카드뮴 中毒 初期에는 蛋白質合成이 促進되었으나 肺에 카드뮴이 어느 程度 畜積되면 蛋白質合成이 저해되었다. 카드뮴은 脂肪의 peroxidation을 多小 저해하였다. 다. 크롬投與群 肝에 蓄積되는 크롬의 量은 投與期間에 따라 增加하였으며 正常群보다는 增加率이 낮았으나 體重이 增加하였다. 크롬中毒初期에는 肝의 蛋白質合成이 促進되었으나 그 以後는 현저히 저해되었다. 크롬은 脂肪의 peroxidation에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. Effect of the treated with Hg, Cd and Cr on metal distribution, protein synthesis and lipid peroxidation in the rat liver was studied. The results of this study were as follows: A. In treated with the Hg group: 1. The amount of Hg accmulated in liver was not always proportional to administration amount and time. 2. Initial and last time of Hg toxicity, protein synthesis was accelerated. 3. The body weights were reduced with Hg toxicity occuring. 4. Hg effected on lipid peroxidation. In the initial few days treated with Hg increased lipid peroxidation but after 2 weeks lipid peroxidation were inhibited markdly. B. In treated with the Cd group: 1. The amount of Cd accumulated in liver increased to 78.22±6.18㎍ within first 2 weeks but after more accumulation was not observed. 2. In the early time Cd toxicity protein synthesis was increased. 3. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited more or less by treated with Cd. C. In treated with the Cr group: 1. The amount of Cr accumulated in liver increased with treated time. 2. In the early time of Cd toxicity protein synthesis was accelerated. 3. Cr toxicity did not reduce body weight. 4. Cr did not effect on lipid peroxidation markdly.

세라믹 정밀여과막 생물반응기를 이용한 매립지 침출수 처리

윤영재,노성희,김선일 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

The results that the membrane bioreactor allows the treatment of ammonia and part of the COD, with a limited production of sludges. The elimination yields observed on the membrane bioreactor are high, starting from a biologicaly equilibrated efflent, since the ratio C/N/P is slightly deficient in P. The Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Organic Carbon are climinated more than 70%. The Nitrification rate nears 98% despite the important variability of the ammonia concentrations inside the raw leachate. The Suspended Solids are eliminated 100% thanks to the microfiltration membrane.

유동성 복합레진의 마모저항성에 관한 연구

윤연희,김정욱,이상훈,한세현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

시술시간을 줄이는데 유리한 재료인 유동성 복합레진을 유구치부에 사용하려고 고려할 때 중요한 물성 중 하나는 마모저항성이다. 이 연구의 목적은 유동성 복합레진의 마모저항성을 일반복합레진의 마모저항성을 비교하는 것이다. 실험에 사용된 유동성 복합레진으로 1군에서는 Arabesk flow (VOCO, Germany), 2군에서는 Tetric flow (Vivadent, Liechtenstein), 3군에서는 Aeliteflow (Bisco, U.S.A), 4군에서는 Filtek flow (3M Dental Co, U.S.A)을 사용하였으며 대조군으로 사용한 5군의 복합레진은 Z100 (3M Dental Co, U.S.A)이었다. 시편들(n=10)은 두께 2mm, 지름 5mm의 원통모양으로 제작하여 마모시험 전 37℃의 증류수에서 7일 동안 담가 놓았다. 제1소구치와 레진시편을 MTS 시스템에서 2Hz로 50,000회 접촉, 마모시켰다. 마모시험시 lateral excursion은 0.4mm, 교합력은 2-100N의 조건이었다. 마모시험후 마모된 부피, 최대마모깊이, 재료자체의 표면경도를 측정하였고 마모되지 않은 표면과 마모가 일어난 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 마모된 부피는 3군에서 가장 적었고 4군에서 가장 많았으며 3군<1군<2군<5군<4군의 순서로 증가하였다. 2. 3군, 1군, 2군, 5군이나 4군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 마모부피가 적었다(P<0.05). 그러나, 3군, 1군, 2군 사이에서와 5군, 4군 사이에서는 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 최대마모깊이는 1군에서 가장 낮았고, 4군에서 가장 깊었으며 1군<3군<5군<2군<4군의 순서로 증가하였다. 4. 5군의 표면경도는 다른 유동성 복합레진군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으나(P<0.05). 마모부피나 최대마모깊이와는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 5. 마모되지 않은 표면과 마모가 일어난 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 유동성 복합레진군과 5군 사이에 마모양상이 다르게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다. When we use the flowable resin on the primary molars for quick handling, one of the most important property is the wear resistance. This study was performed to compare the wear resistance characteristics of four flowable composite resins [Arabesk flow (group 1), Tetric flow (group 2), Aeliteflow (group 3), Filtek flow (group 4)] to that of one control composite resin [Z100 (group 5)]. Specimen discs(n=10), 10mm wide and 2mm thick, were stored in distilled water at 37℃ for 7 days prior to testing. The specimens were subjected to 50,000 strokes at 2Hz on the MTS system. During the test, the following parameters were maintained: the ;atera; excursion at 0.4mm, occlusal force at 2-100N with a force profile in the form of a half sine wave. The measurements of volume loss, depth of wear, and Vicker's hardness number of composite resins, and SEM obserbations of the polished and abraded surfaces were established. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multi-ple comparison test were employed to detect statistically significant differences among the flowable composite resin group and the control composite group at P<.05. The following results were obtained: 1. Group 3 showed the least volume loss, while group 4 showed the greatest. The mean volume loss increased in the following order: group 3<group 1<group 2<group 5<group 4. 2. Group 3, group 1, and group 2 showed significantly lesser volume loss compared to group 5 and group 4(p<0.05). However, There was no statistically significant difference among group 3, group 1 and group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between group 5 and group 4. 3. Group 1 showed the shallowest depth of wear, while group 4 showed the deepest. The mean depth of wear increased in the following order: group 1<group 3<group 5<group 2<group 4. 4. Group 5 showed significantly highest hardness value compared to the flowable composite resin groups(p<0.05), but there was no correlation between wear resistance and Vickers hardness number. 5. SEM observation of the unworn and worn surfaces revealed the differences in the wear appearance between the flowable composite resin groups and the control.

資産再評價 情報에 대한 個別投資者의 反應에 관한 硏究 : From the Analysis of Stock Volume in Capital Market 去來量 分析을 중심으로

尹尙熙,趙賢衍 聖心女子大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

엔로플록사신 액제의 닭유래 병원세균에 대한 시험관내 항균효과 시험

윤효인,박병권,조준형,정상희,박경환,장범수,김종춘,황윤환,임종환,이내경,박승춘 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study the antimicrobial spectrum and sensitivity of a liquid formulation of enrofloxacin against the major six pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased poultry in Korea were evaluated in comparison with ciprfloxacin (CFX), gentamicin (GM) and penicillin (PC). A liquid form of enrofloxacin, a test material and ciprofloxacin showed at least 83% antibacterial activity against all of six test pathogenic microorganisms at the fixed concentration of 10 ㎍/㎖. Gentamicin and penicillin revealed much lower antibacterial activity at the same condition. We evaluated the liquid form of enrofloxacin as having widespread antibacterial spectrum against poultry infections. The liquid form of enrofloxacin showed potent antibacterial activity, with the MIC range being 0.12∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram positives, 0.06∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram negatives and 0.5∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Mycoplasma spp. These values were equivalent to or somewhat higher than those of ciprofloxacin, but much lower than those of gentamicn and penicillin. This new liquid form of enrofloxacin would find its way in application of mixing with drinking water for the prevention and treatment of diverse infections in chickens.

냉기 치료에 따른 둔근에서의 피부 및 근육내 온도 변화

정우성,김미정,박시복,이상건,김영호,양길태,장윤희 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.2