Systematic Review of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Fish and Shellfish in Korea

Shinhee Ye,Jiyoung Shin,Jueun Lee,Eun Mi Jung,Jeongsook Lee,Eunsun Yun,Yeosook Kim,Younghee Oh,Eun-Hee Ha 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2018 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.41 No.1

Objectives: Heavy metals ingested through the consumption of aquatic products can accumulate in the human body over the long-term and cause various health problems. This study aims to present comprehensive data on the amount of heavy metals found in fish and shellfish in Korea using a systematic review of studies that report on that issue. Methods: The study used the following databases: PubMed, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Research Information Sharing Service. The search terms for PubMed included fish OR shellfish OR seafood AND mercury OR cadmium OR lead OR heavy metal AND Korea. The search terms for Korean Studies Information Service System and Research Information Sharing Service included eoryu sueun, eoryu kadeumyum, eoryu nab, eoryu jung-geumsog, paeryu sueun, paeryu kadeumyum, paeryu nab, paeryu jung-geumsog, eopaeryu sueun, eopaeryu kadeumyum, eopaeryu nab, and eopaeryu jung-geumsog. Results: A total of 32 articles were selected for review. The total mercury, lead, and cadmium concentrations in fish and shellfish reported in each of the articles are summarized, as are the species of fish and shellfish with relatively high concentrations of heavy metals. Total mercury concentrations tended to be higher in predatory fish species, such as sharks, billfishes, and tuna, while lead and cadmium concentrations tended to be higher in shellfish. Conclusion: This paper is the first to report a comprehensive summary of the concentrations of heavy metals in fish and shellfish. This data could be used as evidence to protect Koreans from exposure to heavy metals due to the consumption of highly polluted aquatic products.

음향 Intensity방법을 이용한 음원 재구성에 관한 연구

金禮顯,張浩京,李俊河,金廷洛 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

The amplitude and the location of sound sources are obtained by measuring the acoustic intensity using two closely spaced microphones. In this study, in order to identify the noise radiation characteristics, noise radiational pattern on the right hand side, the left hand side and the front part of the vaccum cleaner are investigated at 315Hz, 630Hz, 1600Hz, and 8000Hz resectively. As the results of experiment, the air induction pipe is verified the important noise radiation at 315Hz and 630Hz, and the air exhaust pipe at 1600Hz. Above all, the moter and the fan influenced at the high frequency of 8000Hz.

Streptozotocin-당뇨병 백서에서 당뇨병 이환기간에 따른 대동맥의 이완능 저하 및 Oxygen-Free Radical에 의한 이완능의 손상정도

김정국,김신우,김수동,서예경,하승우,김보완,백운이,권삼,강승완 경북대학교 병원 1997 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

목적: 당뇨병의 이환기간이 혈관의 내피세포 의존성 및 비의존성 이완능의 저하에 미치는 영향과 이환기간에 따라 oxygen-free radical(OFR)에 의한 동맥이완능의 손상정도에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: Streptozotocin(STZ)으로 당뇨병이 유도된 3 주 및 10주째의 백서군과 연령이 비슷한 정상 대조백서군의 적출 대동맥환을 norepinephrine으로 수축시킨 상태에서 내피세포 의존성 이완제인 acetylcholine(ACh) 및 비의존성 이완제인 nitroglycerine(NTG)에 대한 이완능을 즉정하여 비교 관찬하였다. 또한 xanthine과 xanthine oxidase의 혼합으로 생성된 H₂O₂에 대동맥환을 노출시킨뒤 역시 ACh과 NTG에 대한 이완능의 손상정도를 비교하였다. 결과: 3주및 10주째 당뇨병 백서의 대동맥환은 모두 대조군 백서의 대동맥환에 비해 ACh에 대한 이완능이 유의하게 감소하였으며 10주째 당뇨병 백서군에서의 ACh에대한 이완능의 저하는 3 주째 당뇨병 백서군에 비해 유의하게 심하였다.H₂O₂에 노출시킨 뒤 ACh에대한 이완능은 3주 및 10주 째 당뇨병 백서군에서 모두 대조군에 비해 유의하게 심한 손상을 보였으나 3주와 10주째 당뇨병 백서군 사이의 손상정도의 차이가 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 한편 3주 및 10주째 당뇨병 백서군 모두 NTH에 대한 대동맥환의 이완능은 대조 백서군과 별다른 차이가 없었으며 또 H₂O₂에 노출시킨 뒤에도 NTG에 대한 이완능의 손상은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: STZ-당뇨병백서에서 대동맥의 이완능은 당뇨병에 이환된지 3 주째에 이미 ACh에 대한 내피세포 의존성 이완능이 선택적으로 저하되며 당뇨병의 이환기간이 길수록 이완능의 저하가 심하였고, OFR에 의한 동맥 이완능의 손상도 내피세포 의존성 이완능에만 선택적으로 나타나나 이환기간에 따라 OFR에 의한 이완능 손상정도에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없음을 시사하고 있다. Objectives: Diabetes mellitus produces histological evidence of endothelial as well as changes in vascular function in experimental animal. Oxygen free radicals interfere with of destroy endothelium-dependent relaxation in normal and diabetic blood vessels. The present study was investigated whether the duration of diabetic state can affect the severity of impairment in endothelium-dependent and/or independent relaxation and the sensitivity to oxygen free fadical (OFR)-induced damage in diabetic rat vasculature. Methods: The relaxative responses of aortic ring precontracted with norepinephrine in vitro to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroglycerine (NTG) were conducted in 3- and 10- week streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats and agematched controls. After exposure to H₂O₂generated by mixing xanthine and xanthine oxidase, the degree of impairment in relaxative responses to ACh and NTG were also compared between 3- and 10-week diabetic rats. Results: The relaxative responses of aortic rings produced by cumulative concentrations of ACh were significantly lower in both 3- and 10-week diabetic rats than in the age-matched controls. The impairments of relaxative responses to ACh in 10-week diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in 3-week ones. After H₂O₂ exposure, the impairments of relaxative responses to ACh in 3- and 10-week diabetic aortas was also significantly greater than those in the control in the control ones. However, the severity of H₂O₂-induced damage in 10-week diabetic aortas was not significantly different than that in 3-week ones. In contrast, aortic rings of 3- and 10-week diabetic rats could still be fully relaxed by NTG, even after exposure to H₂O₂. Conclusion: These findings suggest that in SRZ-diabetic rat aortas selective impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation to Ach can be found early even over a 3-week period after the induction of diabetes and the impairment may be greater in those with the longer duration of the diabetic state and that the impairment of the vascular relaxation by OFR is also selective to endothelium-dependent response but the sensitivity of OFR-induced damage may not be related to the duration of the diabetic state.

미세알부민뇨를 동반한 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Endothelin의 변화

서예경,정상원,남직화,신병호,전종민,김정국,김동희,하승우,김보완 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.3

목적 : 혈관내피세포에서 생성되는 endothelin(ET)는 강력한 혈관수축작용을 가진 펩타이드로 당뇨병 환자에서 혈관내피세포의 손상여부에 따라 혈중 농도가 증가할 수 있으며 혈관합병증과 관련이 있다는 보고가 있다. 그러나. 혈중 ET치의 상승과 당뇨병성 합병증의 상관성에 대해서는 논란이 많다. 이에 저자들은 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 환자에서 미세알부민뇨의 동반유무에 따른 혈중 ET치의 변화 및 혈장 ET치와 요중 알부민 배설률과의 상관성을 검토하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 환자중 미세알부민뇨를 보인 22명과 정상알부민뇨를 보인 43명을 대상으로 하였으며 혈장 ET를 측정하여 요중 알부민 배설률, 당뇨병성 망막증 및 당뇨병 관련인자들과의 관계를 비교하였다. 결과 : 당뇨병성 망막증이 합병된 군에서 망막증이 합병되지 않은 군에 비하여 혈장 ET치가 유의하게 높았던 반면 (각각 1.9±0.66, 1.5±0.76pg/㎖, p<0.05) 미세알부민뇨를 보인 군과 정상알부민뇨를 보인 군사이에 혈장 ET치는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(각각 1.9±1.14, 1.7±0.69pg/㎖). 또한 요중 알부민 배설률과 혈장 ET치 사이에 유의한 상관관계는 없었으며 미세알부민뇨를 동반한 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 환자군에서 혈장 ET치는 당뇨병의 관련인자들과도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결론 : 인슐린 비의존 당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 ET치가 초기 당뇨병성 신증의 합병여부나 미세알부민뇨의 정도를 반영하기는 어려울 것임을 시사한다. Background : Endothelin(ET), a potent vasoconstritor peptide released from vascular endothelial cells, is known to be increased in diabetic patients with vascular damage and related with diabetic angiopathy. However, whether plasma ET levels may be related to diabetic complications is controversial. We studied the change of ET levels in non-insulin dependent diabetics with microalbuminuria and relation between ET and urinary albumin excretion rate. Methods : Plasma ET levels of 22 non-insulin dependent diabetics with microalbuminuria and 43 patients with normoalbuminuria were measured and relations of plasma ET to diabetic complications such as urinary albumin excretion rate, retinopathy and other associated factors were studied. Results : Plasma ET levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy than those without retinopathy(1.9 ± 0.66 vs 1.5 ± 0.76 pg/㎖. p<0.05). The difference, however, between diabetics with and without microalbuminuria was not significant(1.9 ± 1.14 vs 1.7 ± 0.69 pg/㎖). There were no correlations of plasma ET to urinary albumin excretion rate and to the other associated factors in non-insulin dependent diabetics. Conclusion : These results suggest that plasma ET levels may not seem to act as a predictor of diabetic nephropathy or microalbuminuria in non-insulin dependent diabetics.

Neurometabolite changes in patients with complex regional pain syndrome using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a pilot study

Jung, Ye-Ha,Kim, Hyeonjin,Jeon, So Yeon,Kwon, Jeong Min,Kim, Yong Chul,Lee, Won Joon,Lee, Dasom,Lee, Jun-Young,Moon, Jee Youn,Kang, Do-Hyung Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2019 NEUROREPORT - Vol.30 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate distinct neurometabolites in the right and left thalamus and insula of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared with healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), myo-inositol (ml), glutamine (Gln), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glutathione (GSH), and alanine (Ala) relative to total creatine (tCr) levels, including creatine and phosphocreatine, were determined in the right and left thalamus and insula in 12 patients with CRPS compared with 11 healthy controls using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Levels of NAAG/tCr and Ala/tCr were higher in patients with CRPS than in controls in the left thalamus. NAAG/tCr, ml/tCr, and Gln/tCr levels were higher but NAA/tCr levels were lower in the right insula of patients with CRPS compared with controls. There were negative correlations between GSH/tCr and pain score (McGill Pain Questionnaire) in the left thalamus. These findings are paramount to understand and determine all aspects of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie CRPS, including involvement of the central and parasympathetic nervous systems as well as oxidative stress and antioxidants. Thus, the distinct metabolites presented herein may be essential to understand a strong diagnostic and prognostic potential for CRPS and to develop effective medical treatments.

Brain Metabolites and Peripheral Biomarkers Associated with Neuroinflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Using [11C]-(R)-PK11195 Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study

Jung, Ye-Ha,Kim, Hyeonjin,Jeon, So Yeon,Kwon, Jeong Min,Lee, Won Joon,Kim, Yong Chul,Jang, Joon Hwan,Choi, Soo-Hee,Lee, Jun-Young,Kang, Do-Hyung Oxford University Press 2019 Pain medicine Vol.20 No.3

2021 Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Imaging-Based Management of Thyroid Nodules: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement and Recommendations

Ha Eun Ju,Chung Sae Rom,Na Dong Gyu,Ahn Hye Shin,Chung Jin,Lee Ji Ye,Park Jeong Seon,Yoo Roh-Eul,Baek Jung Hwan,Baek Sun Mi,조성휘,Choi Yoon Jung,Hahn Soo Yeon,Jung So Lyung,Kim Ji-hoon,Kim Seul Kee,Kim 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.12

Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly detected on ultrasonography (US). This has contributed to the rapidly rising incidence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma over the last 20 years. The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) published consensus recommendations for US-based management of thyroid nodules in 2011 and revised them in 2016. These guidelines have been used as the standard guidelines in Korea. However, recent advances in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules have necessitated the revision of the original recommendations. The task force of the KSThR has revised the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and recommendations for US lexicon, biopsy criteria, US criteria of extrathyroidal extension, optimal thyroid computed tomography protocol, and US follow-up of thyroid nodules before and after biopsy. The biopsy criteria were revised to reduce unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity for the detection of malignant tumors in small (1–2 cm) thyroid nodules. The goal of these recommendations is to provide the optimal scientific evidence and expert opinion consensus regarding US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.

Peripheral and Central Metabolites Affecting Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and Anger in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Patients Using a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Ye-Ha Jung,Hyeonjin Kim,So Yeon Jeon,Jeong Min Kwon,Won Joon Lee,Joon Hwan Jang,Dasom Lee,Yoonji Lee,Do-Hyung Kang 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.9

ObjectiveaaThis study investigated peripheral and central metabolites affecting depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and anger in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients. MethodsaaMetabolite levels were determined in the right and left thalamus and insula, in 12 CRPS patients using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). ResultsaaThere were positive correlations between valine (Val)/tNAA (N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartylglutamate) and the anxiety, and a negative correlation between glutamine (Gln)/NAA and the depression. There were positive correlations between alanine (Ala)/Gln and the depression and suicidal ideation, between glutamate (Glu)/Gln and the depression and suicidal ideation, between N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG)/Gln and the depression. There was a positive correlation between Ala/NAAG and the trait anger and a negative correlation between creatine (Cr)/N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and the trait anger. There was a negative correlation between Cr/Glx (Glu+Gln) and the trait anger. High hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were associated with low pain levels, but CO2 and chloride showed positive correlations with pain levels in CRPS patients. Peripheral glucose, CO2 and chloride were associated with depression, anxiety, anger and suicidal ideation. ConclusionaaThe specific central and peripheral metabolites were associated with psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and anger in CRPS patients, showing pathological interactions between a painful body and mind.

Effects of 1-methyl cyclopropane (1-MCP) Treatment on Fruit Quality Attributes in ‘Green Ball’ and ‘Honggeum’ Apples during Cold Storage

Ha-Ram Jung,Jingi Yoo,Nay Myo Win,Jung-Geun Kwon,Seon-Hyang Kim,Hye-Won Kwon,Hye-Jin Cho,Dea Hyun Kim,Ye-Eun Kim,Hyun-Nam Kim,Young-Je Cho,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2019 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2019 No.10

고호모시스테인혈증에 의한 근위심부정맥혈전증 및 폐색전증 1예

정예령 ( Ye Ryung Jung ),용석중 ( Suk Joong Yong ),신계철 ( Kye Chul Shin ),성재호 ( Jae Ho Seong ),김종환 ( Chong Whan Kim ),이명규 ( Myoung Kyu Lee ),이지호 ( Ji Ho Lee ),정세현 ( Sae Hyun Jung ),김상하 ( Sang Ha Kim ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2012 全北醫大論文集 Vol.36 No.2

위험인자가 없이 발생한 근위심부정맥혈전증 및 폐색전증 환자에서는 고호모시스테인혈증을 포함한 혈전성향을 확인하는 것이 필요하다. 저자들은 엽산 결핍에 의한 고호모시스테인혈증으로 인해 근위심부정맥혈전증및 폐색전증이 발생한 것을 진단하고 엽산과 항혈소판제의 투여를 유지하여 혈중 호모시스테인의 수치를 정상화하고 혈전증을 치료한 환자를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. Most cases of venous thrombosis occur at underlying condition. If a patient is diagnosed with venous thrombosis without any apparent risk factor, evaluation of thrombophilia maybe needed. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with hypercoagulability and cardiovascular disease including venous thrombosis, the leading cause of it is vitamin deficiency. We report a case of pulmonary embolism and both internal iliac vein thrombosis with hyperhomocysteinemia due to folate deficiency. A 29-year-old male patient presented with chest pain. Chest and lower extremity CT scans revealed pulmonary embolism and thrombosis of both internal iliac veins. His plasma homocysteine level was elevated to 14.8μmol/L, folic acid level was decreased to 2.30 ng/mL. He was treated with folic acid and warfarin for six months. After treatment, plasma homocysteine level was normalized and the evidence of thrombosis has disappeared.