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가축분뇨 비료성분 부하수준을 고려한 지역별 적정사육두수 설정
김재환,박치호,한정대,박백균 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2001 농업경영정책연구 Vol.28 No.2
In relation to pollution load, 166 towns and cities set the following optimum number of livestock, according to cultivated area, the amount of fertilizer ingredient for crops and wastes. According to the analysis of the total capacity for waste based on cultivated area and fertilizer requirement, N was 279,884 M/T, P2O5 140,464 M/T and K2O 182.559 M/T. Total amount of nutrient production according to the number of livestock were 222,331 M/T N, 64,716 M/T P2O5 and 86,670 M/T K2O, which are 86.7%, 53.6% and 52.7% of the fertilizer requirment. It is estimated that 45 regions showed an overload capacity of fertilizer per hectare in N, 11 regions in P2O5 and 13 regions in K2O, The converted optimum number of livestock was 13,415,000 Livestock Unit (LU).
성공/비성공 벤처기업 창업자 성공요인 추출과 비교에 관한 연구
서정환,신용백 한국생산성학회 2002 生産性論集 Vol.16 No.1
World economies have rapidly developed to create the new economy and social structure, and the venture company play a important roles to improve the industrial structure and economy through the information society. In Korea, the venture companies become a major body for the re-jumping the economy by overcoming the current limitation of economy growth. This paper investigate the relationships between establisher's characteristics and company outcome of Korean venture companies that has different management environments than other countries. As the results, traditional and conservative technology development trend and market scale and adaptation (3.77) and secured market (3.70) were regarded as the important and critical success factors for the venture companies. Also, this paper suggested 'the model of success for venture establisher' that could be used as the references for the ones who are interested in venture establishment.
Efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir의 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 동시 정량법
채정우,배경진,백인환,서정원,이병요,이은주,남진경,강원구,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2009 藥學論文集 Vol.24 No.-
Efavirenz indinavir and kaleta (co-formulation of lopinavir and ritonavir) are important antiretroviral drugs which have been proved to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors and reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection. A brief and fast high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, API 4000) method for the determination of 4 anti-retroviral agents (efavirenz, lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) in human plasma was developed and validated. A simple protein precipitation method was used on 100μl of human plasma. And internal standard solution (10 ng/ml methaqualone) 1ml and reconstitution solution (MeOH) 1ml were added. After vortexing for 30 s and centrifuging at 13,200rpm for 10min, 2μl of supernatant was injected into the column (XTerra MS C_(18) column, 2.1mm × 50mm 3.5㎛ particle size). The mobile phase consisted of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid in water (80:20 , v/v). The chromatogram was run for 1.5 min at a flow rate of 300μl/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in a positive ion mode (lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) and negative mode (efavirenz), simultaneously and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for drug quantification. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 316→69 (efavirenz) and 629→447 (lopinavir) and 614→421 (indinavir) and 721→296 (ritonavir)were used to measure and quantify the analyte. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 50 ng/ml (efavirenz, indinavir, ritonavir) and 100 ng/ml (lopinavir). The weighted (l/y²) calibration curve was linear over human plasma range 50∼5000ng/ml (efavirenz), 100∼20000ng/ml (lopinavir), 50∼10000ng/ml (indinavir), 50∼2000ng/ml (ritonavir), correlation coefficient(r²) of 4 antiretroviral agents were higher than 0.998. Accuracies and intra-run precisions ranged within 86.60 and 113.29%, 1.06 and 11.16% for all 4 drugs analysed. This analytical method used to determine these drugs was fast and easy to perform, with minimal sample preparation, and without compromising precision and accuracy. The developed method was successful to determine antiretroviral agents in human plasma, and proved suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic study.
정소학,김성대,권영호,손정환,백선용 고신대학교 의학부 2000 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.15 No.1
Background The morphological changes in the peripheral nerve and S-100 immunoreactivity were studied after axotomy. Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received crush injury with aneurysmal clip in the sciatic nerve at mid-thigh level. The animals were cardiac perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde for cryostat section and half Karnovsky fixative for semithin section from 6 hours to 4 weeks after crush injury. The immunohistochemistry of Schwan cells was performed. Results Degeneration of myelin sheath and endoneurial edema were observed at 6 hours. Macrophages were invaded into the basal lamina tube and phagocytosed the destructed axons and myelin sheath at 3 days. Proliferation of Schwann cells in the basal lamina tube was observed at 5 days group. Thin myelinated nerve fiber and degeneration of myelin sheath were observed at 2 weeks. Conclusion These results indicate that after crush injury of the peripheral nerve regeneration of myelin sheath and Schwan cells is partially completed in 1 week.
Baek Jung-Hwan,Kim Myung Sup,Jung Hye Ryeon,Hwang Min-Seon,Lee Chan-ho,Han Dai Hoon,Lee Yong-ho,Yi Eugene C.,Im Seung-Soon,Hwang Ilseon,Kim Kyungeun,Chung Joon-Yong,Chun Kyung-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs due to the accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to fatal liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD is critical for its prevention and therapy. Here, we observed that deubiquitinase USP15 expression was upregulated in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and liver biopsies of patients with NAFLD or NASH. USP15 interacts with lipid-accumulating proteins such as FABPs and perilipins to reduce ubiquitination and increase their protein stability. Furthermore, the severity of NAFLD induced by an HFD and NASH induced by a fructose/palmitate/cholesterol/trans-fat (FPC) diet was significantly ameliorated in hepatocyte-specific USP15 knockout mice. Thus, our findings reveal an unrecognized function of USP15 in the lipid accumulation of livers, which exacerbates NAFLD to NASH by overriding nutrients and inducing inflammation. Therefore, targeting USP15 can be used in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and NASH.
Synthesis of SnS Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition at Low Temperatures
Baek, In-Hwan,Pyeon, Jung Joon,Song, Young Geun,Chung, Taek-Mo,Kim, Hae-Ryoung,Baek, Seung-Hyub,Kim, Jin-Sang,Kang, Chong-Yun,Choi, Ji-Won,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Han, Jeong Hwan,Kim, Seong Keun American Chemical Society 2017 Chemistry of materials Vol.29 No.19
<P>Two-dimensional (2-D) metal chalcogenides have received great attention because of their unique properties, which are different from bulk materials. A challenge in implementing 2-D metal chalcogenides in emerging devices is to prepare a well-crystallized layer over large areas at temperatures compatible with current fabrication processes. Tin monosulfide, a <I>p</I>-type layered semiconductor with a high hole mobility, is a promising candidate for realizing large-area growth at low temperatures because of its low melting point. However, tin sulfides exist in two notable crystalline phases, SnS and SnS<SUB>2</SUB>. Therefore, it is imperative to control the oxidation state of Sn to achieve a pure SnS film. Here, the synthesis of SnS thin films by atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) is demonstrated using bis(1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propoxy)tin(II) and H<SUB>2</SUB>S as Sn and S sources, respectively, over a wide temperature window (90–240 °C). Impurities such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were negligibly detected. The morphological evolution of plate-like orthorhombic SnS grains was observed above 210 °C. Moreover, properties of thin film transistors and gas sensors using SnS films as the active layers were investigated. The SnS ALD process would provide promising opportunities to exploit the intriguing properties of the 2-D metal chalcogenides for realizing emerging electronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2017/cmatex.2017.29.issue-19/acs.chemmater.7b01856/production/images/medium/cm-2017-018563_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm7b01856'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
( Jung Hwan Lee ),( Jae Hyoung Im ),( Jin-soo Lee ),( Ji Hyeon Baek ),( Jung Hwan Yu ),( Young-joo Jin ),( Jin Woo Lee ),( Hea Yoon Kwon ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: The prevalence of co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high and increases risk of hepatitis B chronicity and mortality. Despite guidelines for HIV-infected patients to be immunized against HBV, the immunogenicity of the HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients is lower than that in the HIV-seronegative population. Methods: In this study, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to investigate the response rate to an increased dose of HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients. A fixed-effects model, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses, was used. We identified nine studies involving 970 HIV-positive vaccine recipients. Results: The study results were divided into two groups, depending on the time when antibody against hepatitis surface antigen was measured. Results showed a significant increase in response rates among patients who received a double dose of the vaccine versus the standard dose in both subgroups; the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-2.29) and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.73-3.01) for the rate that was measured 4-6 weeks and >12 months after completion of vaccination, respectively. The total OR was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.64-2.41). No heterogeneity was found. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows that a double dose of the HBV vaccine may significantly improve the immune response in HIV-infected patients. Higher immunogenicity was observed, when it was measured 4-6 weeks and >12 months after completion of the vaccination.