Ten years of experience in the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a university teaching hospital

Park, Jung-Weon,Yang, Tae-Whan,Kim, Yun-Kyung,Choi, Byung-Min,Kim, Hai-Joong,Park, Dae-Won The Korean Pediatric Society 2014 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.57 No.3

Purpose: Administration of antiretroviral drugs to mothers and infants significantly decreases mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission; cesarean sections and discouraging breastfeeding further decreases this risk. The present study confirmed the HIV status of babies born to mothers infected with HIV and describes the characteristics of babies and mothers who received preventive treatment. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed medical records of nine infants and their mothers positive for HIV who gave birth at Korea University Ansan Hospital, between June 1, 2003, and May 31, 2013. Maternal parameters, including HIV diagnosis date, CD4+ count, and HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) copy number, were analyzed. Infant growth and development, HIV RNA copy number, and HIV antigen/antibody test results were analyzed. Results: Eight HIV-positive mothers delivered nine babies; all the infants received antiretroviral therapy. Three (37.5%) and five mothers (62.5%) were administered single- and multidrug therapy, respectively. Intravenous zidovudine was administered to four infants (50%) at birth. Breastfeeding was discouraged for all the infants. All the infants were negative for HIV, although two were lost to follow-up. Third trimester maternal viral copy numbers were less than 1,000 copies/mL with a median CD4+ count of $325{\mu}L$ ($92-729{\mu}L$). Among the nine infants, two were preterm (22.2%) and three had low birth weights (33.3%). Conclusion: This study concludes that prophylactic antiretroviral therapy, scheduled cesarean section, and prohibition of breastfeeding considerably decrease mother-to-child HIV transmission. Because the number of infants infected via mother-to-child transmission may be increasing, studies in additional regions using more variables are necessary.

최근 3 년간 성전파 질환의 추이 : 서울시 11개 보건소 이용자를 중심으로

박정희,권혜석,유선미,정유석,박일환,권선진,김윤수,김인국,박강원,설용한,유명자,이경렬,정봉진,조종희,최규상,허숙조 대한가정의학회 1998 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.19 No.2

1,3 - 치환 - 5 - chloropyrazole - 4 - carboxylic acid oxime ester 의 합성과 살균력

박창규,최원석,김용환,박치현,권영칠 한국농화학회 1989 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.32 No.4

A series of novel 1,3-substituted-5-chloropyrazole-4-carboxylic acid oxime esters was synthesized. Their chemical strictures were elucidated on ¹H, ^(13)C-NMR and IR spectra, Fifteen such compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against R. solani, P. oryzae, B. cinerea, P. graminearum, P. capsici and G. cingulata. The results showed that pyrazole-oxime esters with electrcn withdrawing grouFs(III, XIII, XIV) had better biological activities than these with electron releasing groups.

인체를 통한 데이터통신 시스템에 관한 연구

박형일(Park, Hyung il),강성원(Kang, Sung Weon),김환우(Kim, Whan Woo) 한국통신학회 2010 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

단결정 Si(111) 위에 형성된 Ti-실리사이드에 대한 RBS 및 XRD 분석

이중환,권오준,최치규,박동수,김건호,이상환,이의완,곽호원 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

초고진공 상태에서 p형 Si(111)기판에 Ti을 증착한 후 고진공에서 열처리하여 Ti-실리사이드를 형성시켰으며, Ti-실리사이드의 상전이 및 형성운동학은 2 MeV⁴He? 이온 후방산란과 x-선 회절방법으로 규명하였다. 형성된 TiSi₂는 결정학적으로 C49(ZrSi₂)와 C54 구조의 두 종류로 확인되었다. C49 TiSi₂상은 열처리온도가 700℃이하의 저온에서 형성되었고, 700℃ 이상의 고온에서는 C54 TiSi₂상으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 확인된 C54 TiSi₂전이온도(??)는 700℃ 였고, TiSi₂형성온도 영역내에서 TiSi₂ 층두께(χ)와 열처리시간(t)의 관계는 저온(700℃ 이하)일 경우 ??이고, 고온(750℃ 이상)에서는 χ=ct+d 의 관계식이 만족됨을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 700℃ 이하에서 TiSi₂ 형성기구가 Si 확산에 의해 제어되며, 750℃ 이상에서는 핵형성 제어에 의하여 계면반응하는 것으로 나타났다. Titanium silicides were prepared by depositing titanium film on p-type Si(111) followed by annealing in ultra high vacuum. The growth kinetics of Ti-silicide has been studied by using ion backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffractometry. Two crystallographic structures of Ti-silicide were identified the (ZrSi₂)structure and C54. The C49 TiSi₂ phase was formed at low annealing temperature(<700℃),and it transformed to the C54 phase over 700℃. The relation between the thickness of TiSi₂ layer(χ) and the annealing time(t) was ?? when annealing temperature was under 700℃ and χ=ct+d when that was over 750℃. The former implied that the formation of TiSi₂ was controlled by diffusion and the latter by nucleation of at the Ti/Si(111) interface.

가드너의 실천추리 모형을 활용한 도덕 판단 교육

박진환 ( Jin Whan Park ),신원우 ( Weon Woo Shin ) 한국윤리교육학회 2009 윤리교육연구 Vol.0 No.18

본 논문은 Susan T. Gardner의 저서(Thinking your way to freedom)에 나타난 그의 실천추리의 평가 방법을 도덕 판단 교육에 어떻게 활용할 수 있는가에 대한 연구이다. 도덕교육의 최상 목표는 자율적 인간이며, 자율의 상태에 이르는 가장 효과적인 방법으로 실천추리를 제시하고 있다. 가드너가 제시한 실천추리는 가치의 문제·행동의 문제와 관련된 논증으로, 연역법의 형식을 취하고는 있다. 그녀는 강한 추리는 두 단계의 정당화 과정을 통하여 가장 합당하면서도 약점이 적은 논증을 도출해 낼 수 있다고 주장한다. 이 과정에서 결론은 잠정적인 진리로 받아들여 행위의 지침으로 삼는다는 점에서 연역추리와는 구별되는 새로운 유형의 추리 형식이다. 실천추리는 대화와 토론 중에 주장하는 바와 그에 따른 숨은 전제를 찾아 논증 형식으로 구성하게 되며, 이렇게 만들어진 실천추리에 대한 평가는 두 단계의 반증 과정 즉, 지역적 정당화와 지구적 정당화의 과정을 거치게 된다. 지역적 정당화는 한 논증 내에서 이루어지는 검사로서, 형식적 오류, 비형식적 오류, 반례 제시 등을 통하여 약한 논증을 제거 하는 과정이며, 지구적 정당화는 경합하는 두 개 이상의 논증과 논증들을 서로 비교하여, 약점이 많고, 합당성이 결여된 논증을 제거하고 마지막까지 살아남은 논증을 잠정적인 진리로 받아들이는 것을 말한다. 가드너의 실천추리는 우리 중학교 도덕과 과정에 적용된 도덕추리의 한계를 극복하고 보다 합당한 도덕 판단 모형을 제시하고 있다는 점에서 도덕 교육에 의미 있는 시사점을 제공하고 있다. This treatise is a study of educational paradigm related to Susan T. Gardner`s Practical Reasoning that is shown in 『Thinking your way to freedom』. The highest goal in education that Gardner thinks, is autonomy and the best way to effectively establish the state of autonomy that is through practical reasoning. Practical reasoning is the reasoning related to value judgment and practice. It can be formulated as a form of deductive reasoning. How can we make reasonable judgment? She suggested two step process to make reasonable judgment. In this process we could expect the judgment that has the highest rationality and the lowest weakness. There is no capital letter truth. All judgment can be accepted as a provisional truth and guides one`s future behavior. In this point, the practical reasoning does not correspond with deductive reasoning in strict sense. Practical reasoning is made of the thesis and the hidden premise that appears in a conversation and a discussion. Practical reasoning has inevitably a two step falsification process, i.e., local sufficiency and global sufficiency. Local sufficiency is the test of formal and informal faults or fallacies, falsification by the counter examples in a practical reasoning. But the global sufficiency is particularly important as, compared with each other among more than two parallel reasoning, through it, put asides a relatively weak option and a lack of rationality, takes the best option available under the circumstances as a provisional truth. The practical reasoning that Gardner proposes, as a form of higher order thinking skill, can make further development by Mattew Lipman`s self-correcting process. It guides students to make reasonable judgment by impartial thinking and bias neutralization process. The practical reasoning that Susan T. Gardner proposes, is too delicate to learn for students who have not higher order thinking abilities. Democratic values require high cost education. But if we want our students enjoy admirable future life, we should pay for it now.

구순열 비변형에 있어서 복합적 골이식술

김진환,박원진 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.2

General anatomical structure of the Cleft Lip Nose(CLN) deformity have been well documented. Hypoplastic pyriform aperture is major external factor which causes the CLN deformity and also represent such deformities of alar cartilage, nasal tip and septal deviation, which has been well explained with the concept of tilted tripod by Hogan & Converse in 1971 The correction of hypoplastic pyriform aperture which tilts nasal tripod gives satisfactory result of symmetric nasal tripod including its base. For the correction of hypoplastic pyriform aperture autogenous rib bone, iliac bone, calvarial bone, autogenous cartilage graft, homogenous cartilage graft and implant have been used. Although each method has its own pros & cons, autogenous bone graft have been used. Altough each method has its own pros & cons, autogenous bone graft have been most widely used because of its high survival rate, low postoperative complication rate and logterm stability. Recently, the calarium has become the favorite source of autogenous bone graft since it has many advantages. However it is not easy to fabricate bone graft exactly to fit in the defect and enhance rather wide contact with recipient site to lessen late absorption rate. Authors used outer table of table of calvarial bone, dust and fibrin sealant mixture for the correction of collapsed pyriform aperture. The outer table of calvarial bone play a role to scaffold bone dust and fibrin sealant mixture were used to fit graft material and therefore increase the contact between the donor site and recipient site and molding graft margin for better contouring. Author successfully treated 8 patients of CLN deformity by this fecnique, 6 patients were male & 2 were female. The youngest was 5 years of age, the oldest was 28 years & 4 patients were under 15 years. We corrected the hypoplastic pyriform aperture with calvarial bone dust & fibrin sealant mixture, and achieved satisfactory results. We represent our msthods & cases with review of litelatures.

Cutting performance of tungsten carbide tools coated with diamond thin films after etching for various times

Kim, Jong Seok,Park, Yeong Min,Bae, Mun Ki,Kim, Chi Whan,Kim, Dae Weon,Shin, Dong Chul,Kim, Tae Gyu World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 Modern physics letters. B, Condensed matter physic Vol.32 No.20

<P>In this study, diamond thin films were deposited on tungsten carbide tools using surface-wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (SWP-CVD). To eliminate the adverse effects of cobalt on the diamond deposition process, the cobalt was removed from the surface of the tools by etching with Murakami’s reagent for various times (30, 60, and 120 min). The cutting performance of the untreated and the diamond-coated WC tools was examined by performing cutting test on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP). The results showed that all the diamond-coated tools exhibited great improvement on the durability and wear resistance compared to the uncoated one. In addition, the diamond-coated tool lift time is found to be proportional to the etching time. An increase more than twofold has been achieved when the etch time was increased from 30 min to 120 min.</P>

개원가 내원 성인에서의 요실금 유병률 : 천안 진료중심 연구망 연구

김기성,박윤종,박일환,심석규,이종민,유선미,정유석,정혜원,김광휘,염형택,박정희,원영일,민대홍 대한가정의학회 1999 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.20 No.1

중국 대도시지역권의 지역의식에 관한 연구 -중국 지역사회의 오만과 편견-중국인의 지역정체성과 지역갈등: 작용과 반작용

박상수 ( Sang Soo Park ),이상만 ( Sang Man Lee ),구기보 ( Ki Bo Ku ),서운석 ( Woon Seok Suh ),오대원 ( Dae Won Oh ),이정환 ( Jung Whan Lee ),이은영 ( Eun Yong Lee ),홍정륜 ( Jung Ryun Hong ),유정원 ( Jeong Weon Yu ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2011 中國硏究 Vol.52 No.-

Since reform and opening up, China`s economic have grown rapidly, and cities have also done. Due to economic growth and the floating population, traditional society is being dismantled, and social solidarity is being weakening. However, on the other side, community identity has appeared and expanded with very new style. This study divides China into 7 economic region, and investigated the present situation and causal structure of China`s Community Identity. To do this, we have carried out survey targeting urban residents in metropolitan, and analyzed these questionnaire. Based on the results of this survey, positive aspect of community identity, not negative aspect, have a influence on community solidarity. When people have hope and expectation about their own region, the community identity appear more obviously. Therefore, we tentatively concluded that all community identity does not cause conflict and disorder.