김유신장군의 백제공격로에 관한 연구 -효령신화와 장군당을 중심으로-

김완수 ( Wan Soo Kim ) 택민국학연구원 2011 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.7

7세기 신라가 일으킨 통일전쟁은 백제공격에서 비롯되었다. 이때 신라군을 지휘한 장수는 가락국 구형왕의 증손자인 김유신이었다. 『삼국사기』「신라본기」의 기록을 인용하면 서기 660년 5월 26일 경주를 출발한 신라 군사는 6월 18일 남천정(경기도 이천)에 도착하였으므로 5월말쯤에 군위군 효령면 장군리 앞 벌판에 유진하였다고 생각한다. 일찍이 신라군이 주도한 영토전쟁은 한강으로 진출하는 경로에 있었다. 이러한 사실을 참고하여 660년 7월 12일 백제 사비성을 공격하는 김유신군대의 진격로는 다음과 같이 예상한다. 즉 신라군은 경주를 출발하여 영천, 신녕, 부계, 효령, 장천, 선산, 상주(이천)로 진격하였다. 이 경주-상주 진로(進路)에서 영천에서 선산으로 나가는 중도에 있는 효령(장군리)은 장천으로 진입하는 길목에 해당된다. 이러한 북진공격로에 있는 장군리는 마을 앞으로 넓은 들(모혜벌)이 펼쳐있고 들 한가운데를 사창천이 흐르고 있다. 또한 사방이 산으로 둘러싸여 분지를 이루기 때문에 이곳에는 수만 명의 군사가 주둔(은폐)하기에 안성맞춤의 지형을 가지고 있다. 이러한 이점으로 장군리는 신라에 있어서는 한때 낙동강으로 진출하는 교통의 요지였다. 이러한 전술적, 교통상의 이점 외에 김유신장군에게는 장군리를 택한 또 다른 이유가 있었을 것이다. 그것은 이 지역가까이에 가야의 유민들이 살고 있었기 때문일 것이다. 필자가 이렇게 상정(想定)하는 이유는 가야후기를 나타내는 석곽묘가 장천(면)에 많이 남아있기 때문이다. 이상과 같은 이유로 장군리는 신라군의 대백제(對百濟) 북진공격로에서 꼭 필요한 경유지였기 때문에 유진할 수밖에 없는 천혜의 장소였음에 틀림없다. 이러한 전술적인 당위성과 함께 지금까지 전승에 의하여 ‘장군’이라는 마을이름이 계속 이곳에 남아있고 또 757년의 ‘군위’와 ‘효령’이라는 지명이 만들어진 유래 등을 종합하여 보면 이곳이 660년 여름 백제 정복전쟁을 위하여 김유신장군과 신라군이 이곳 장군리에 유진한 일이 역사적 사실로 인정된다. 그리고 공민왕 때 사공중상(효령사공씨의 중조)공의 상소에 의한 김유신사(장군당, 삼장군당, 김발한사)라는 사당건립에 대한 전승과 함께 이곳 장군리에 고려 말부터 효령사공(孝靈司空)씨의 집성촌이 이루어져 온 점 등을 감안하면 이상의 일이 모두 사실로 인정된다. 이와 같이 효령의 장군리 사람들은 장군당(김유신사)을 모셨다. 이로서 효령신화가 탄생한 것이다. The Shilla Kingdom’s war for unification in the 7th century began with the conquest of the Baekje Kingdom. General Yu-sin Kim, a great-grand son of King Guhyung of the Garak Kingdom, was the commander of the Shilla military at the time of the war. According to the History of Shilla in the Record of the Three Kingdoms, (The "Shillabongi" of "Samguksagi"), General Kim’s forces, which had left Kyeong-ju in May 660 A.D., were stationed on a field near Janggun Village, Hyoryeong Township, Gunwi District in Kyeongsangbuk Province. Originally, the territorial war led by the Shilla military was on the path to the Han River. Reflecting these facts, the route of General Kim’s force, which attacked Sabi Castle in Baekje on July 12, 660 A.D. is assumed to be as follows.Namely, his campaign began in Kyeongju, then moved to Youngcheon, Shinnyeong, Bukye, Hyoryeong, Jangcheon, Seonsan, and Sangju(Icheon). Hyoryung (Janggun Village), located at the waypoint of the Kyeongju-Sangju Route, which is on route for Seonsan via Youngcheon, is considered the entrance towards Jangcheon. Janggun Village, located on the attack route to the north, was well positioned to have numerous soldiers deployed in its wide-open plains (Mohyebeol), through which the Sachangcheon River ran, also in a basin surrounded by mountains. Because of this advantage, Janggun Village was said to be a major transportation point for the Shilla on the way to Nakdong River. However, there was another reason for General Kim to choose Janggun Village as the most ideal army post besides the strategic and logistical advantages. This being the emigrants from the Gaya Dynasty, who resided in this area. In fact, this assumption is based on Seokkwakmyo, the evidence which represents the latter period of the Gaya Dynasty andwas found in large amounts in Jangcheon-myun. Therefore, Janggun Village, an important pass on the attack route to the north, is believed to be the location that possessed great strategic value for conquering Baekje. As well as the strategic necessity, the fact that ‘Janggun’ still remains as the name of the region and that the origin of the names ‘Gunwi’ and ‘Hyoryeong’ can be traced back to 757 A.D. indicates the town’s historicity as the domain of Yu-sin Kim and his army during their campaign against the Baekje in the summer of 660. Additionally, considering the fact that a ancestral shrine was built for Yu-sin Kim by Sagongjungsang’s request when King Gongmin reigned, and the residence of Hyreongsagong family was largely formed during the latter part of the Goryo Kingdom’s period, these incidents are believed to be historical facts. Similarly, residents in Janggun Village set up a shrine named ‘Janggundang’ which means ‘a shrine for General Yu-sin Kim’. That is how the myth of Hyoryeong was born.

선택적 후근절제술의 수술중 근전도 감시방법과 치료효과

김형일,김연희,김완호,김근수,김동찬 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

Selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR) has been known to reduce the spasticity as well as to improve the quality of life in patients with intractable spasticity. Twenty patients underwent SPR under intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring(IOM). Fifty-two percent of sacrolumbar rootlet were cut after electrical stimulation. Eighteen patients(90%) with spastic type of cerebral palsy showed marked reduction of spasticity and functional improvement without any complication. The patients who did not respond to SRP had mixed types of spasticity. IOM facilitate the selection of pathological rootlets regardless of anaesthetic level. intensity of electrical stimulation, and individual variability of responses. It is concluded that careful selection of surgical candidates and of pathological rootlets under IOM are important to reduce the spasticity. thereby to obtain a better outcome.

Social investment effects of public education, health care, and welfare service expenditures on economic growth

Kim Soo‐Wan,Ahn Sang‐Hoon 한국사회복지학회 2020 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.

Kim's Femoral Stem의 임상적 고찰

김영민(Young Min Kim),김희중(Hee Joong Kim),진종수(Jong Soo Jin),문영완(Young Wan Moon) 대한정형외과학회 1991 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

불응성 자가면역질환에서의 자가조혈모세포이식

민도준,양동원,민창기,김완욱,이상헌,박성환,김동욱,이종욱,조철수,민우성,김범생,김호연,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 기존의 치료에 불응하고 예후가 불량한 자가면역질환 환자들에게 최근 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모 세포이식이 새로운 치료방법으로 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 다발성 경화증(multiple sclerosis, MS) 및 류마티스 관절염(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 등 2명의 자가면역질환 환자들에서 자가조혈모세포 이식을 시행하였다. 방법: 말초혈액 조혈모세포 가동화를 위하여 cyclophosphamide (4 g/㎡) 및 granulocyte colony stimulating factor (10 g/kg/day)를 투여하였고, CD34+ 세포를 분리·채집 하였다, 이식 전처치로 MS 환자에서 BEAM 및 antihymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg), RA 환자에서 fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg)와 busulfan (8 mg/kg)을 투여하였다. 결과: 호중구 수가 500/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 기간은 MS 환자에서 9일, RA 환자에서 15일이었다. 혈소판이 20.000/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 가간은 RA 환자에서 9일 이었고, MS 환자에서는 혈소판 감소증이 발생하지 않았다. 비혈액학적 독성으로 MS 환자에서 WHO 1도의 오심 및 점막염이 관찰되었다. MS 환자는 이식 6개월 후까지 시력감소가 남아있었으나, 이식전에 관찰되던 감각이상 및 운동장애 등의 신경학적 이상 소견은 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. RA 환자는 이식 1개월 후 관절 증상 및 검사소견의 호전을 보였다. 결론: 불응성 자가면역질환 환자에서 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모세포이식은 적은 독성으로 높은 치료효과를 기대할수 있으며, 향후 이 시술의 임상적 의의를 규명하기 위하여 전향적이고 장기적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: High-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hemathpoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed as a new approach to treat severe, refractory autoimmune diseases. We describe two patients with refractory autoimmune diseases (one multiple sclerosis 〔MS〕and one rheumatoid arthritis〔RA〕) who underwent T-cell-depleted autologous peripheral bleed stem cell transplantation for the first time in Korea. Methods: We mobilized autologous stem cells with cyclophisphamide (4 g/㎡) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 ㎍/kg/day). Stem cells were enriched ex vivo using CD34-positive immunoselection and reinfused after high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg) in MS, or fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg) and busulfan (8 mg/kg) in RA. Results: The engraftment with an absolute nerutrophil count greater than 500㎕ occurred on day 9 in MS and 15 in RA, respectively. The time to nontransfused platelet count greater than 2.000/㎕ was 9 day in RA. MS patient did not show ant episode of thrombocytopenia. Regimen-related non-hematopoietic toxicity was minimal. For 6 months since HSCT, them patient with MS had been free from previously existed sensory and motor abnormalities except decreased visual acuity. Then patient with RA and only one tender joint and two mildly swollen joints with improvement in laboratory parameters at one month after HSCT. Conclusion: These results underscore the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive immunosuppression followed by autologous HSCT for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases. The durability of remission, however, remains to be clarified.

시신경 유두를 침범한 급성 임파구성 백혈병 : 1예 보고 Report of One Case

김태운,이건수,이철민,심완섭 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1981 충남의대잡지 Vol.8 No.1

A ten-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, probably T-cell type, who had received intrathecal methotrexate for theprophylaxis of meningeal leukemia, acquired impaired vision during maintenance chemotherapy. Ophthalmologic examinations disclosed a leukemic infiltration of right optic disc. It was followed by meningeal leukemia and systemic relapse successively within 2 months. The response of the ocular lesion to systemic chemotherapy was good.

한국 전통식품의 세계화

김완수 호남대학교 2008 학술논문집 Vol.29 No.2

Food culture of a race became strongly conservative with a series of transmission and creativity from generation to generation under unique environments ,thus, it is not easy to adapt to other food culture. This article addressed possible globalization of various items of our traditional foods which give us the value of the intangible assets by analyzing current status under a rapidly changing society. Additionally, a number of globalization strategies for commercialization of Korean ethnic foods to be suited foreigners' taste were proposed.

대상청구권에 대한 입법론적 고찰

김대규,전완수 圓光大學校 法學硏究所 2006 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.2

When an obligation become insolvent after the fact, the Korean civil law provide that if it is caused by obligor's responsibility, he should take the burden of the debt, but he can be released from the debt if the default is not his own responsibility. In the latter case, meanwhile, it become an issue whether a consideration duty exists or not if the obligation is based on a bilateral contract. Accordingly, it has been settled by the provision of the risk bearing. The claim rights of vicarious compensation mean the creditors' right of recourse on the profit against the obligators when debtors make profits on vicarious compensation of the object to be fulfilled by the same causes which raised the insolvency. The Korean civil law has no provisionn on the claim rights of vicarious compensation, but the rights are expressly provided in substantive enactment of Germany and France. The rights are acknowledges, but the application scopes are different by each country in various cases like above, and the requisites and the effectiveness are as well. Moreover, the meaning of the claim rights of vicarious compensation in legal schemes and the harmonizations of the laws with other civil law systems are different due to the differences in the ways of the transfer of a real right and the principles of risk bearing etc. of the countries. In conclusion, due to the problems in itself as well as possible conflict with existing system and fairness breaking result of the acknowledging the claim right of vicarious compensation, it is reasonable that the Korean civil law should not acknowledge the claim rights of vicarious compensation.

소비 패러다임 변화에 대응하는 국내 식품산업의 동향

김완수 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2009 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.-

식품산업은 우리에게 먹거리 제공이라는 기본적 역할 외에도 사회적웰빙(로하스), 고령화, 환경친화적, 첨단기술의 융복합화, 안전성 등 점점 복잡한 소비트랜드에 부합되도록 고부가가치산업으로 활성화되고 경쟁력 강화가 이루어져야 세계식품시장의 선점을 모색할 수 있다. 이를 위해 현재 취약한 우리 식품산업의 글로벌 경쟁력을 성장시키고 고용확대 및 수출 산업화가 되도록 국가 및 지역차원의 식품클러스터 조성으로 식품산업이 육성되논 방안을 고찰하였다. Besides providing foods for survival of fundamental role, our food industry should invigorate high value-added industry and strengthen the competitiveness in order to come up to complex consumption trends such as social well-being(LOHAS), an aging society, eco-friendliness, fusion of high technology, safety, etc., resulting in allowing us to secure early dominance in food market internationally. For this, the purpose of this review paper was attempted to consider a measure for fostering food industry through creating national and regional food industrial clusters which would give nurturing global competitiveness of our weak food industry, extending employment and leading export-oriented industrialization.

부산 인근 연안해 지역의 퇴적환경 연구

김완수,석동우 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2002 이학기술연구지 Vol.5 No.-

부산 인근 연안해 지역의 퇴적환경을 알아보기 위하여 천부지층탐사와 퇴적물 입도분석을 실시하였다. 연구지역은 낙동강에서의 미세한 퇴적물의 유입이 상당한 지역으로 유입된 퇴적물은 조류와 대마해류에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받는다. 퇴적물의 분포 상태는 내해에서 니질(mud)퇴적체가 두껍게 발달하고 있으며, 외해쪽으로 수심이 증가하면서 퇴적층의 두께도 얇아진다. 이러한 퇴적체는 홀로세 기간동안 퇴적된 최적물이며, 음향기반 하부의 퇴적물질은 저해수면 시기의 잔류퇴적물로 사료된다. 또한 탄성파 반사 형태로 과거 낙동강 하구의 흔적과 가스 유기물질의 존재 가능성을 확인 할 수 잇었으며, 분석된 천부지층탐사 해석과 입석분석 결과에 의한 퇴적물 분포 양상은 서로 잘 일치하고 있다. In order to investigate the depositional environments in the coastal sea off Pusan area, shallow seismic profiling explorations and grain size analyses were carried out. The study area was supplied by a significant amount of fine grain sediments delivered by the Nakdong River, whose distribution was again influenced by tidal currents and the Tsushima current in the coastal sea. Thick mud deposits are found along the shallow near shore area and the thickness of the deposit decreases in the open sea direction as the depth of water increases. The mud deposit is believed to be of the Holocene Epoch and the acoustic basement is interpreted as the relict deposit formed during the Pleistocene low sea-level period. Based on the characteristic seismic reflections patterns, the paleo-Nakdong River channel and the possible presence of organic gas bubbles are recognized. The characteristics and distribution of the sediment bodr based on the interpretation of the shallow setsmic profiling and the results of gain size analyses are consistent with each other.