Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

慣性系에서의 時間에 對한 相對性理論的 考察

曺判尙 朝鮮大學校 文理科大學 1975 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Since 1905, the problems on the paradox of a clock in the inertial system have been dealt with in various ways. Examining this problem with Moller, Einstein-Tolmann method under the uniformly accelerated motion in a space of gravitational field, the author found; (1) this problem can be solved by the general theory of relativity, and the special theory of relativity is insufficient to solve it, (2) the paradox of clock cna't be recognized.

유한요소법을 이용한 Universal Motor의 최적 설계 연구

申判錫 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 産業技術 Vol.8 No.-

This paper proposed an optimized universal motor for improving its performance and cost using FEM program. To do this various design parameters are set such as airgap length, shape of stator and pole shoe, rotor slot, rotor shaft diameter, stator yoke shape, balancing method, etc. Flux2d program, which is a commertial packge for electromagnetic field analysis, is used to calculate the performance of the universal motor. The various parameters are useful to find an optimum shape of the universal motor. The simulation result has brought an optimized shape of the universal motor and its performance is much better compared with those of the initial model. The final optimized model showed that the weight of the core is reduced by 11 [%] and the efficiency is improved by 5.0 [%]. The FEM analysing method would be a good application tool to improve various types of motors and other actuators.

희소행렬 압축에 기초한 완전 해싱 기법

韓判岩 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1992 硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 주로 컴파일러 디자인에서 파싱 테이블을 저장하기 위해서 사용되는 희소행렬을 일차원 배열로 압축하는 기존의 제안된 방법에 비해서 개선된 방안을 제시함을 목표로 한다. 이를 위하여 Ziegler의 행 대체 방법에 기초한 완전 해시 함수 구축 기법을 제안한다. 주어진 정적으로 고정된 단어 집합에 대하여 선험적 알고리즘으로 유일한 n-터플을 추출 가능하다. 이 추출된 n-터플들이 희소행렬에 매핑된다. 희소행렬 압축 기법을 적용하여 압축 행렬을 구한 다음에 상·하 삼각형의 두가지 백터로 나눈 다음에 행 백터들의 집합으로 분할한다. 이들 분할된 행 백터들을 선형 배열로 압축하기 위하여 행 대체 방법이 적용되며, 이때 분할된 모든 행 백터들의 상대 위치는 Ziegler의 행 대체 방법을 적용하여 결정 가능하다. 이 방법에 의해 얻어지는 장점은 다음과 같은 두가지가 있다. 1. 추출된 n-터플이 01/행렬상에 표현 가능하므로 신속한 비트열 연산이 사용될 수 있다. 2. 해싱 함수가 간단하다. In this paper, a new perfect hashing scheme based on sparse matrix compression method is presented. A unique n-tuple from a set of words extracted by a heuristic algorithm. Then the extracted n-tuples are mapped into a 0/1 sparse matrix. Using Ziegler's row displacement method, a perfect hash function is constructed.

高等學校 漢文科 評價의 問題點과 改善 方案

梁判石 한국한문교육학회 2002 한문교육논집 Vol.19 No.-

漢文敎育에 있어서 가장 기본이라 할 수 있는 基礎漢字에 대한 지식수준은 갈수록 저하되고 있다. 이 같은 현상의 원인은 여러 가지가 있을 수 있겠지만, 한문 교육 목표와 관련하여 評價에서 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 왜냐하면 평가는 敎育課程에서 제시하고 있는 목표를 학생들이 얼마나 잘 성취하고 있는지를 확인하는 수단이기 때문이다. 高等學校 漢文科 評價의 問題點과 改善 方案에 대한 先行硏究에서는, 주로 다양한 評價 問項을 開發해야 한다는 쪽으로 치우친 경향이 많다. 따라서 本稿에서는 새로운 평가 문항을 하나 추가하기보다는, 평가가 갖는 제도적·현실적인 문제를 감안한 실질적인 평가 방안을 모색해 본 것이다. 먼저 제7차 교육과정에 있어서 고등학교 한문과의 位相과 그에 따른 評價上의 問題點을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 漢文敎科가 選擇科目이 됨으로써 학습자들로부터 소홀히 다루어지는 성향 때문에 정상적인 평가가 어렵게 되었다는 점이다. 따라서 평가 문항의 개발만으로는 평가의 정상화를 기대하기 어려울 전망이다. 둘째, 정상적인 평가를 위해 한문과의 시수 확보가 선행되어야 하며, 정해진 단위수도 반드시 지켜져야 한다. 셋째, 수행평가가 정상적으로 시행되기 위한 여건의 조성을 들 수 있다. 그러기 위해서 우선 班別 학생수의 감소가 선행되어야 한다. 또한 평가의 客觀性과 公正性이 확보되어야 하고, 아울러 기본점수를 주는 등 점수 부풀리기 식은 사라져야 한다. 고등학교 한문과 평가는 이렇듯 제도적인 제반 사항이 갖추어지지 않는 상황에서 실시되었고, 그로 인한 여러 가지 문제점이 惹起되었다. 특히 漢文敎育에 있어 가장 중요하고도 바탕이 되는 基礎漢字도 모르는 소외 漢盲을 낳기에 이르렀다. 따라서 평가의 정상화를 위한 이상적인 방안을 제시할 것이 아니라, 맨먼저 현재 학생들의 수준과 교육여건을 고려한 평가 방안이 반드시 모색되어야 한다는 것이다. 첫째, 고등학교 학습의 기초가 되는 중학교용 기초한자 900자에 대한 진단 평가를 권장하였다. 둘째, 한문과의 학습 목표가 한자·한자어·한문 능력 습득이라는 점층적 구조 속에 있다는 점에 착안하여, 그 基底가 되는 한자 학습을 언급하였다. 아울러 한자 쓰기 평가의 강화를 몇 가지 방법과 함께 제시하였다. 셋째, 가장 기본적인 사항인 字典活用을 권장하고 그것을 평가에 반영하는 점을 거론하였다. The level of Korean students' basic knowledge about Chinese Characters is gradually decreasing. One of the reasons about this could be the assessment related to the objectives of Chinese Characters subject since assessment is an instrument to measure students' achievement in the educational curriculum. In the previous studies, problems and solutions of assessing Chinese Characters had a tendency to focus on developing the diverse testing forms. In this study, I search for systematic, authentic ways of improving assessment rather than making new test problems in a testing form. The status of Chinese Characters and its problems in assessment in the seventh educational curriculum are presented in this study. First, the reasonable assessment is impossible in Chinese Characters subject because students are not enthusiastic in studying Chinese characters, because the subject is optional, not mandatory. Second, the credit hours for Chinese Characters subject should be acquired and the subject should be taught exactly according to the credit hours. Third, the overall conditions for assessment should be soundly built such as appropriate class size, the reliability and fairness of the subject. These problems led many students to be illiterate of Chinese characters who do not even know the basic Chinese letters. Against the above problems, the assessment should consider the level of students and educational environment rather than presenting the ideal ways about assessment. The solution would be like this : First, the diagnostic assessment is recommended, testing 900 Chinese letters used in the middle school. Second, the learning of Chinese letters are mentioned from the perspective that the learning objectives of Chinese Characters subject are in the spiral structure of Chinese letters, Korean words based on Chinese letters, and it's ability of acquisition. Third, the use of Chinese-Korean dictionary is recommended and its use should be involved in the assessment.

『수학 영재반』 활동 프로그램 개발 및 적용을 통한 창의적 문제 해결력 신장

정판진,오후진 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

수학영재를 발굴하여 교육시키는 이유는 개인적인 발달 가능성과 잠재력을 최대한으로 개발시키고 신장시킴으로써 개인적인 만족감을 가지고 숙달된 상태에 이르게 하기 위한 것뿐만 아니라, 국가 발전과도 직결된다. 따라서 본 연구는 수학 영재교육에 대한 기초 작업의 일환으로 문헌고찰을 통하여 수학영재의 양한 특성을 살펴본 후, 그 특성을 바탕으로 하여 수학영재의 정의를 내리고, 수학영재를 선발하여 학교 현장에서 특기·적성 프로그램에 수학 영재 반을 운영하는데 연구의 토대를 두고 있다. The discovery and education of mathematically gifted students is closely related to the development of individual talents and the development of a nation. This study focuses on managing mathematically gifted students of talent-aptitude programs in junior high schools. For the purpose of this study, the various characteristics of mathematical giftedness and its definition based on individual characteristics were studied.