Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

광합성의 생리생태 (2) : 환경변화에 대한 광합성의 적응반응 Adaptation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus to Changing Environment

김판기,이은주 한국농림기상학회 2001 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.3 No.3

靑少年들의 身體發育과 營養指數에 關한 硏究

權判根,鄭成浩,鄭善太 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1985 體育學會誌 Vol.13 No.-

An empirical study was made on the physical development by indices of physical constitution and nutrition of 2272 boys and girls attending middle and high schools in the area of Namhae, Cyeongnam. The results are as follow: 1. Body height It increased in the strict proportion to the age. The biggest growth was made in the years of 12∼13, and 14∼15 in made, whereas 12∼13 in female. In comparision with the provincial and national average, the degree of growth was relatively low in male whereas similar in female. 2. body weight It showed the growth in the strict proportion to the age. The greatest growth by the year year was made in the years of 14∼15 in male, wherease 12∼13 in female. 3. Chest-girth It also showed the growth in the strict proportion to the age. Both sexes made the largest growth in the years of 14~15, and a little more rapid growth was made in female than in male. Compared the average, boys of 15 years were superior, while girls of 14 years inferior. 4. Sitting height It showed the growth in the strict proportion to the age, and the biggest growth by the year was made in the years of 14∼15 in male, whereas 12∼13 in female. Compared with the average, boys of 14 years were inferior, while girls similar. 5. Helative body weight It increased in the strict proportion to the age. Only boys of 17 years showed the similar growth degree with the average one. 6. Relative chest-girth In male, it was small in the years of 12∼14 and normal in the ages of 15∼17, whereas in female, it was small in the years of 12∼13, and normal in the ages of 14∼17. 7. Relative sitting height It showed a little growth in the age of 12, but much I the years of 15∼17 in male, whereas the growth in female was slow. 8. Vervack Index Female made the more rapid growth than male, and the growth was made in the strict proportion to the age. But both sexes fall short of the normal index. 9. Kaup Index It showed good growth in the years of 15∼17 in male, and 14∼17 in female. 10. Livis Index The index showed the similar difference in all age group in both sexes.

일본의 전후 재벌의 해체와 벤처창업붐 : IMF 이후 우리의 구조조정에 시사하는 점

강판국 한국경영사학회 2002 經營史學 Vol.29 No.-

After the Second World War, zaibatus(the financial clique of big monopoly enterprises) in Japan were separated forcefully by the General Head Quarters. However, the forced separation allowed the establishment of professional management system and formulation of many new venture businesses started by the discharged workers of big monopoly enterprises. These new Japanese enterprises with the help of worldwide economic prosperity after the Second World War quickly emerged as competitive big enterprises in the world, elevating the economic competitiveness of Japan as a nation. In the 1960's Korea had pursued the economic development drive policy, centered around big monopoly enterprises. For some time big businesses played a leading role in the rapid economic development of Korea. However, with the preferential treatment by the government, monopoly enterprises extended businesses into many areas, with a loose management. As the nation joined WTO and OECD, monopoly enterprises entered the era of free competition with international businesses, facing bankruptcy if not successful on restructuring efforts. The case of Japanese restructuring, even though it is dated and also forced by the allied forces, will show us some significant implications, as we face the urgent need for Jaebols' restructuring.

T.S. Eliot의 文學世界

陳判慶 관동대학교 1986 關大論文集 Vol.14 No.1

Thomas Stearns Eliot, who became famous for "The Waste Land," his long masterpiece filling the barren circumstances of human spirit in Europe that World War I left, has exerted an important effect on the British & American poetic circles through his excellent poems and literary criticism thereafter published by him What Eliot thinks to be the ideal process of poem-making is that the poem must fuse his own emotion, feeling and thought with 'unified sensibility,' and then he must find 'the objective correlative'. In this 'active, intensive process,' the important precondition is a poet's impersonality through his historical sense, especially in literature, 'Latin Tradition', pursuing insistently 'order' and 'unity'. According to his critical mind in literature, Eliot pretend that poetry is not a mere expression of poet's individual emotion, but a trinity of emotion, feeling and thought in accordance with his whole experience. The objective implies a kind of mode to transmute practical emtions into poetic images or aesthetic emotion and to cope with poet's personality for impersonality with the sense of history, from which the enlargement of poet's talent springs. For the sense of history makes him exist along with the universal order. Eliot revaluated the metaphysical poets who tried to find the verbal epuivalent for states of mind and feeling. It is evident that Eliot made efforts to find out "how to write" rather than "what to write," but he does not refuse emotions and personality.

金大中政府의 政府改革過程 硏究

김판석 서울대학교 행정대학원 2000 行政論叢 Vol.38 No.2

본 논문에서는 공공부문개혁(public sector reform)의 주요 과제 중에서 공기업과 재정개혁을 제외한 정부개혁의 과정 (government reform process)을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 개혁과제는 공공부문 중에서도 중앙정부와 지방자치단체에서 추진되었던 것들을 중심으로 연구하였다. 개혁의 성패와 관련하여 설문조사를 통한 계량적 평가방법을 자주 활용하지만, 본 연구는 그러한 방법을 택하지 않고, 개혁과정자체를 중심으로 연구하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 그 동안의 개혁방향, 과제선정, 과제추진, 개혁추진체계, 개혁제약요소, 개혁관리, 개혁추진전략, 개혁 제약요소, 그리고 향후 추진방향 등을 중심으로 가능한 한 객관적 시각에서 살펴보고 개혁관리상의 정책적 함의 등을 제시하는 순서로 연구를 진행하였다.