아스팔트 콘크리트의 고온변형저항 특성 측정방법 개발

김광우,이문섭,김중렬,이순제 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 정하중하에서 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 저항특성을 측정할 수 있는 새로운 시험방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2가지 골재(편마암, 화강암)와 6가지 아스팔트(일반아스팔트, 5가지 개질 아스팔트)를 사용하여 총 12개의 밀입도 혼합물을 제작하였다. 마샬 배합설계를 통해 최적아스팔트 함량을 구하고, 결정된 최적아스팔트 함량으로 마샬공시체(S=10 cm)와 자이레토리 공시체(S=15cm)를 제작하여 마샬안정도시험, 휠 트랙킹 시험, 개발된 김테스트(Kim -test)를 수행하였다. 김테스트는 공시체와 하중봉을 지지할 수 있는 김시험장치(Kim tester)를 이용하여 하단이 반경(r) 0.5 또는 1.0cm로 원형절삭한 직경(D) 3cm, 4cm의 하중봉을 사용한다. 또한 재하는 마샬 하중재하 장치를 사용하여 공시체를 60℃ 수조에 30분동안 수침시킨 후 실시되었다. 정하중은 공시체의 직경방향이 아닌 축 방향으로 50 mm/min가 가해졌고, 최대하중(P_max)과 수직변형(y)이 측정되었다. 마샬안정도시험과 간접인장강도시험에서 얻어지는 것과 유사한 곡선이 각각의 시험에서 얻어졌다. 강도값은 P_max, r, y 및 H(=D-2r)을 이용한 K_D=4P_max/π(H+2√(2ry-y^2))^2식을 통하여 계산하였고, 이를 변형강도(kgf/㎠)로 정의하였다. 실험결과, 공시체 직경이나 골재종류보다는 하중봉과 하중봉 하단의 원형처리 여부가 K_D와 P_max 값에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통계분석결과에서 K_D가 소성변형 깊이와 동적 안정도에 높은 상관성을 보였다. 향후 연구를 통해 K_D의 유효성이 검증된다면, Kim-test는 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 저항성을 판단할 수 있는 시험방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. This study dealt with developing a new approach for finding properties which might represent rut resistance characteristics of asphalt mixture under static loading. Two aggregates, a normal asphalt (pen 60-70) and 5 PMAs were used in preparation of 12 dense-grade mixtures. Marshall mix design was used in determination of the optimum asphalt content (OAC) and each mixture at the OAC was prepared for a newly-developed Kim test on Marshall specimen (S=10 cm) and gyratory specimen (S=15cm), and for wheel tracking test. Kim test used Marshall loading frame and the specimen was conditioned for 30min at 60℃ before loading through Kim tester, and apparatus consisting of a loading column and a specimen and column holder. Diameter (D) of column was 3cm and 4cm with each column having different radius (r) of round cut at the bottom. The static load was applied at 50mm/min in axial direction of the specimen, not in diameteral direction, and the maximum load (P_max) and vertical deformation (y) at the maximum load point were measured. A curve, similar to the one from a Marshall test or static indirect tensile strength test was obtained from each test. A strength value was calculated based on the P_max, H(=D-2r). r and y by using the equation K_D=4P_max/π(H+2√(2ry-y^2))^2 and is defined as deformation strength (kgf/㎠). The values of P_max/y and K_I=K-D/y were also calculated to see if these have any correlation with rutting. In general, D and r were significant factors affecting K_D, while specimen size was not. The statistical analyses results showed the K_D had the best correlation with rut depth and dynamic stability. The next best correlation was found from P_max which was followed by P_max/y and K_I in order. Therefore, K_D can be used for selecting the highly resistable asphalt mixture against permanent deformation.

말초혈액 내 백혈구수와 대사증후군과의 연관성

황상태,김범수,황상준,서정열,김병진,이원영,성기철,강진호,김선우,이만호,박정로 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3

삽목시기, 삽상온도 및 생장조절제처리가 낙우송의 발근에 미치는 영향

김홍열,박정주,이영주,고재철 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1997 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.1

낙우송의 경삽시 발근 및 캘루스형성에 미치는 삽수채취시기, 삽상온도 및 여러 가지 생장조절물질의 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 4월 3일, 4월10일, 4월 17일, 5월 22월에 삽수를 채취하여 발근 및 캘루스형성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 발근은 4월 17일이 가장 좋았으며 그 다음이 4월 10일 이였다. 캘루스형성율의 경우 4월 17일이 가장 좋았으며 다음이 5월 22일 이였다. 삽상온도는 삽수채취시기에 관계없이 20℃가 발근 및 캘루스 형성에 가장 효과적이었다. NAA, IAA, S-07처리에 의해서 캘루스형성이 촉진되었다. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of cutting date, bed temperature and growth regulators on the rooting of stem cuttings of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. As a result of investigation for the rooting and callus formation of stem cuttings which were cutted at 3, 10, 17 April and 22 May respectively, rooting cutted at 17 April was best and 10 April in the next. And callus formation rate was highest at 17 April and 22 May in the next. Under 20℃ bed temperature, rooting and callus formation were better than 30℃ regardless of cutting dates. Callus formation was promoted by NAA, IAA, and uniconazole treatments.

국가-기업관계와 경제적 성과

金時潤,金正烈 慶一大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.16 No.4

The consequences of state-business relations and economic performance are disprted. The general presumption is that when the state and business have close relation, economic performance will be reduced. According to Mancur Olson, capitalists and their allies tend to forn distributional coalitions that pressure the government to divert resources to them and away from their most efficient and socially optimal use. Anne Krueger condludes that close relations between the state and business cause economic dissiipation because they both squander rents and invest more resources in pursuit of them. In contrast to them, institutional analyses of development have often concluded that relations between business and the state accouont for the variation in economic performance. Alice Amsden concludes that the more reciprocity that characterizes state-firm relations, the higher the speed of economic growth. Peter Evans also concludes that close ties between tha state and business is the key to the development state's effectiveness. Therefore, close business-state relations either can enhance economic performnce or can degenerate into unproductive, rent-seeking activity. What matters is the quality of relations, not the extent of relations. If so, what makes some state-business relations effective, growth-oriented networks while others devote themselves to rent-seeking? The presence of strong, encompassing business associations and transparency are necessary condijtions. And equally inportant is the autonomy of the state.

피로를 유발하는 등속성 수축시와 회복기 혈중젖산 및 외측광근의 EMG Power Specturm 변화

정정진,조현철,김기진,윤성원,오수일,홍관이,손태열 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

To examine the change of blood lactate concentration, EMG power spectrum, and Torque during fatiguing isokinetic contraction and recovery phrase, 6 sprinters performed maximal isokinetic knee extension at angular velocity of 3.14 rad.sec??(180°sec??) to 75% decreasing point (25%PT) using CybexⅡ system. In exercise phase, there was significant correlation between the decrement of peak EMG and median frequency and that of torque, and decrement of torque was greater than that of EMG . In recovery phase, EMG was restituded as normal value rapidly in a minute, but torque was restituded more slowly, and blood lactate concentration increased gradually from 50%PT to 3 minute after recovery. As a result of this study, it is suggested that muscle fatique due to decreasing of metabolic substrate and accumulation of metabolic products in peripheral site of muscle, and that inhibitory factors act neuromuscular junction in the end of exercise from rapid restitution of EMG in recovery phase.

자전거 에르고미터운동시 유ㆍ무산소성 역치수준의 근전도 변화

김기진,조현철,홍관이,정정진,손태열 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

The aim of present study is investigate the change of IEMG and PEMG in the aerobic, anaerobic threshold by ventilation an blood locate concentration. Subjects of this study is adult sedentary men of age 32.18±4.28yrs. Subjects performed an incremental test on the bicycle ergometer from an initial work load of 0.5KP(60 rpm) to exhaustion by 3-min steps of 0.5KP. The results of this study was as follows: 1. The levels of relative exercises load in the ventilation, lactate, PEMG and IEMG by aerobic threshold were appeared 39.88±15.62%, 39.66±13.05%, 34.31±13.74% and 36.69±13.05%, respectively. It was not significant difference between variables. 2. The levels of relative exercise load in the ventilation, lactate, PEMG and IEMG by aerobic threshold were appeared 70.02±7.72%, 65.69±8.82%, 64.61±8.65% and 69.64±9.76%, respectively. It was not significant difference between variables. In this results above, It is considered that analysis methods by non-linear increase point of PEMG and IEMG related to both respiratory gas variables, blood lactate accumulation type and muscle function, muscle fiber recruitment type for determination of aerobic and anaerobic threshold.

성인 물질남용 환자의 치료결과와 관련된 요인

김길숙,박용천,남정현,안동현,오동열 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 본 연구는 성인 물질남용 환자의 치료프로그램 탈락율, 치료결과 및 예후에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1992년 9월 1일부터 1997년 4월 15일까지 국립서울정신병원 물질남용 입원치료프로그램에서 치료를 받고 퇴원한 환자 97명을 대상으로 병록지 검토를 통해 인구학적 특징, 물질남용상의 특징, 입원전 위험 행동력, 치료기간중의 특징이 치료완료여부와 관련이 있는지 분석해 보았고, 이중 전화추적조사가 가능했던 53명을 대상으로 물질남용 중단여부를 조사하고, 이와 관련된 요인을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1) 퇴원형태에 따라 59명의 탈락군(60.8%)과 38명의 완료군(39.2%)으로 나누어 비교한 결과 탈락군은 입원기간이 짧고, 자의 입원율이 낮으며, 난폭행동의 과거력이 많고, 규칙위반의 횟수가 많은 것으로 나타났다(p〈.05), 프로그램에서 탈락한 주 이유는 병동내 규칙위반(45.3%), 산책중 도망(23.7%), 외출, 외박중 미귀원(15.2%)의 순이었다. 2) 전화로 추적조사가 가능했던 53명중 32명이 물질남용을 중단했고(60.4%). 21명이 아직 남용중인 것으로(39.6%) 나타났다. 남용군은 공존정신질환의 빈도가 높고, 과거 정신과적 입원 횟수가 많으며, 자살기도력의 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다(p〈.05). 3) 물질남용을 중단하게 된 계기는 국립서울정신병원의 치료프로그램에 참여하고 난 후가 45.3%로 가장 많았고, 치료를 완료한 환자일수록 퇴원후 치료결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 물질남용을 중단한 환자일수록 직업을 가지고 있는 경우가 더 많았다(p〈.05). 결 론 : 물질남용 여부는 공존정신질환, 과거정신과적 입원횟수, 자살기도력등 동반된 정신과적 문제와 관련이 많은 것으로 나타나 이런 요인들에 대한 철저한 평가 및 치료가 필요할 것으로 추측되고, 환자의 동기는 치료를 완료하는 중요한 요인으로 나타나 입원 과정에서 치료에 대한 동기를 강화시킬 수 있는 정신과적 면담이나 전략이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : We investigated the factors related to the treatment outcome for substance abuse inpatients. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 97 patients who were discharged from the substance abuse treatment unit in Seoul National Mental Hospital. We then had follow-up telephone interview with 53 family members and / or patents of 97 patients. Results : 1) Among 97 discharged patients, 59 patients were dropped out, 38 patients graduated successfully from the treatment program. The dropout group had shorter treatment period, were more often admitted involuntarily, had greater incidence of violence history and violated ward rules more often(P<0.5). The main reasons for dropout were violation of rules(45.3%), escape during outdoor activities(3.7%), and refusal of return to the hospital(15.2%). 2) At the follow-up interview, 32 patients were abstaining from substances whereas 21 patients resumed use. The abuser group had more previous psychiatric admissions, more comorbid psychiatric disorders, and higher percentage of history of suicide attempts than the abstaining group(P<0.5). 3) After the discharge from the hospital, 45% of patients showed to discontinue substance. Treatment graduates were more in recovery from substance abuse. The abstaining group had a higher percentage of employment than the abuser group(P<0.5). Conclusion : The treatment outcome was more likely to be related with co-existing psychiatric problems such as previous psychiatric admission, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and history of suicide attempts. Therefore it is suggested that careful evaluation and appropriate treatment for such factors are needed for better treatment outcome. And psychiatric interview to enhance the motivation of patients is needed for completion of treatment.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Axial Ligation of Hemin. Activation Volume for the Dissociation of Imidazole from Monoimidazole Complex in N,N-Dimethylformamide

김정성,박윤열,HIROSHI TOMIYASU 大邱大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Unusual kinetic behavior was observed in the substitutions of hemin with imidazole and cyanide ion under conditions of [L] S 2[hemin] (L=substituting ligand) in N,N--dimethylformamide. The rates of these reactions were much slower than those the formations of mono- and bis-coordinate complexes. Based on the kinetic results, these slow reactions were interpreted in terms of the dissociations of mono-coordinate complex to solvated hemin. The activation volume was determined to be 24.3 -- 0.4 cm3 mol'1 for the reaction with imidazole by the high pressure stopped flow method. The large positive value of the activation volume strongly supports a limiting dissociative mechanism.

보조공학기기 이용실태 및 서비스 희망에 대한 심층면접

정민예,김정란,양노열,유인규,박혜연 대한보조공학기술학회 2009 대한보조공학기술학회지 Vol.1 No.1

목적 : 구직장애인, 장애인공무원과 지원을 많이 받아보지 않은 사업주를 대상으로 심층면접을 통해 보조공학기기 이용실태 및 서비스 희망을 조사하고, 이를 통하여 앞으로 보조공학서비스 서비스 방향을 제안하고자 조사하였다 연구방법 : 심층면접의 대상자는 장애인공무원, 구직장애인, 사업주로 분류하여 반구조화된 가이드라인 설문을 구성하였다. 면접 대상은 설문조사를 위한 모집단 중 무작위로 추출하여 면담 조사에 협조를 약속한 대상자 사업주 7명, 구직장애인 7명, 장애인공무원 5명을 대상으로 총 19명이 응답에 참여하였다. 결과 : 수집된 자료는 질적 분석 절차를 통해 보조공학기기의 사용경험, 보조공학기기 신청경험 또는 개인적 구입경험, 장애유형에 관련된 보조공학기기의 사용경험여부 및 인식조사, 보조공학서비스에 대한 인식정도 및 이용경험과 보조공학서비스 방향과 추가로 제공을 희망하는 서비스 내용 5가지의 주제가 도출되었다. 결론 : 보조공학서비스의 보다 효율적인 운영방식을 고려해야 할 것이며, 보조공학서비스를 할 때 구입이나 사후 관리도 보다 사용자 중심에서 서비스 제공이 필요할 것이다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to provide the information about the actual demand and use of assistive technology among people with disabilities who not received assistive technology service. Methods : In-depth interview subjects were government officials with disable, disabled job seekers, and employers hiring workers with disabilities. We made up the semi-structure guidelines question with group into three classes. We asked for an interview with subjects that choose samples at random. Results : These results show five themes related to use and application experience in assistive technology, the awareness of assistive technology service, and the demand to make of assistive technology service. Conclusion : In conclusion, we suggests that they want to be included assistive technology services target and replied use of those assistive devices will help them to get a job or to improve work efficiency and capacity.

전환기 행정개혁의 쟁점과 대안

김정렬 대구대학교 2008 행정문제 연구 논집 Vol.1 No.

Contemporary administrative reforms are in a time of transition. In this context, this study overviews and examines disputing issues of the reforms in terms of vision and objective, system and strategy, and instrument and method. In regard of the vision and objective of administration, the significance of competent government, frugal government, wise government, clean government, and polite government will be discussed with reform agendas derived from diverse ideological positions. Then, demands from internal and external environments as well as responding strategies and system transformation as counter moves of governments will be researched. Regarding the issue, the investigation includes the issues of change management and communication with environments. Moreover, it suggests tangible reform alternatives such as system restructure to harmonize of centralization and decentralization, strategy development for balancing conflicting interests, establishing participatory and regular reform agencies, and increasing governmental capabilities as preparation for the future. Lastly, instrument and methods of administrative reforms will be examined with ten specific issues.