가맹점수수료 인하와 간편결제 확대가 신용카드사에 미치는 영향 분석

김정렬 사단법인 한국신용카드학회 2019 신용카드리뷰 Vol.13 No.4

This paper explores the trend of credit card transaction fee and examines the effect of increasing number of easy payment systems on credit card industry. In 2012 new credit card fee system has been constructed, and the discussion on credit card transaction fee has started. Since then the government reduced the credit card fee arbitrarily and frequently not complying the initial plan in the name of supporting small businesses. Then, profitability in the credit card industry has been expected to fall and it became true afterwards. Easy payment system driven by the government like Zero-pay is low-performing since the social benefits fall short of the operation cost and it potentially crowds out the private sector. On the other hand in the private sector, easy payment system has been creating a win-win environment between credit card industry and easy payment industry in current state. However, the credit card industry is changing almost not different to easy payment system, thus the increase in competition level is inevitable. The credit card industry is facing a harsh business environment. It is facing frequent card fee reducing government policy and increase in cost to survive in competition. Credit card companies are not only under pressure to find alternative profit sources but also facing decrease in stability coming from bad debt increase occurred by economic slowdown. To deal with this situation credit card companies need to reinforce capability in risk management in the short run. In the long run, a breakthrough to customized lending and borrowing by utilizing the big-data is needed to prepare for the environment changes such as non-surface channel preference or growth in realtime transaction. Meanwhile for sustainable growth of the credit card industry, deregulation provided by supervisory institution is needed similar to fintech industry or easy payment industry. Considering the efficiency, it is suggested for the government to downsize the public easy payment system like Zero-pay or support Zero-pay to be incorporated to the private sector creating synergy between public and private sector. 본 연구에서는 가맹점 수수료 체계 및 인하 추이와 간편결제 확대에 따른 신용카드산업에의 영향을 살펴보았다. 2012년 새로운 가맹점수수료율 체계가 구축되면서 신용카드수수료율 책정과 인하에 대한 논의가 시작되었고 이후 정부의 소상공인 지원정책에 따라 예정 및 계획과는 달리 수시로 가맹점수수료 인하 및 적용 범위 확대를 시행하였다. 이에 따라 카드사들의 수익성 악화가 예상되었고 실제로 신용카드사의 가맹점수수료 부문에서는 수익성이 크게 악화되었다. 제로페이와같은 공적부문에 의한 간편결제서비스는 운영비용에도 못미치는 사회적 편익, 민간부문의 간편결제서비스를 구축하게 되는 효과 등의 측면에서 볼 때 운영의 실효성이 떨어지고 있지만 민간부문에 의한 간편결제서비스의 확대는 현재로서는 신용카드사와 간편결제사가 서로 윈윈하게 되는 환경을 조성하고 있다. 그러나 신용카드의 결제방식도 간편결제방식으로 변화해 나갈 것으로 예상되는 가운데 간편결제사업자와의 경쟁 심화가 나타날 것으로 보인다. 신용카드사는 지속적인 가맹점수수료 인하 및 인하 요구 정책, 간편결제 확대에 따른 마케팅비용 증가 등 사업환경 악화에 직면하고 있다. 대체수익원을 찾아야하는 상황에 높인데다 향후 신용판매 성장률 정체, 경기 둔화에 따른 대손비용 증가 등으로 인해 수익성 하락과 안정성 저하도 나타날 가능성이 높다. 따라서 신용카드사는 단기적으로는 카드대출 확대 및 업무다변화에 대비한리스크 관리 역량 강화가 필요하다. 중장기적으로는 비대면 선호, 실시간 접속 활성화 등 금융환경 변화에 대응해 핀테크 및 핀테크기업에 대한 투자와 빅데이터를 활용한 새로운 맞춤형 여신 업무 확대 등으로 신용카드사의 역량을 확대해 나가야 할 것이다. 한편 신용카드사의 건전하고 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 감독당국도 신용카드산업에 대해 간편결제 또는 핀테크산업에 준하는 규제수준으로의 규제완화대책을 검토해야 할 것이다. 이와 함께 정부는 제로페이와 같이 정책효과면에서 실효성이 낮은 공공부문의 간편결제서비스는 축소 또는 폐지하거나 민간부문과의 협업 등을통해 서로에게 시너지가 생성될 수 있도록 지원하는 방안을 검토해보아야 할 것이다.

수자원 관리 기술의 해외 진출과정에서 나타난 거버넌스 체계 연구

김정렬,곽명신 한국정부학회 2015 한국정부학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.09

중학교 영어교과서 현장 채택기준 개발 연구

김정렬,이지은 한국영어교육학회 2009 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.64 No.2

This study aims to develop selection criteria with high validity and reliability for middle school English textbooks and related materials (teachers’ guides, activity books and electronic materials). To this end a survey was conducted to identify English teachers’ needs when they select textbooks at schools. In addition, some previous studies were reviewed to draft factors to be included in the evaluation criteria of textbooks and related materials, and evaluative criteria for authorizing textbooks from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology were closely examined. Initial criteria selecting an English textbook have been proposed based on the analysis of the survey and the analysis. Another survey was done to decide the weighing scores for the items chosen by EFL teachers. Based on the results of the survey, this study developed different weighing value for different categories of criteria in selecting an English textbook. The study also conducted the tests to confirm the inter-scorer and intra-scorer reliability test of such, and some of which were revised by the tests. The results of this study can help the EFL teachers choose an appropriate English textbook, and improve the quality of their English teaching eventually.

초등 영어체험교실 운영 실태 분석을 통한 활성화 방안 모색

김정렬,백소희 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.2

The purpose of this study was to suggest the efficient establishment, operation methods and groping for improving methods of EECs(English experience centers). This research were conducted to the teachers and students of 32 elementary schools with EECs. The data analysis yielded some interesting findings. first, the actual conditions of EECs have been changed since 2006. In most EECs, the practicing space was the main part, but recently teaching-learning spaces and English libraries have been added to help the effective learning of English. Second, the programs in EECs can be assorted into 3 types such as classes by teachers, voluntary learning activities and the events. In the result, not only regular classes but also special after-school programs are highly active, but others are not. Almost schools are running the conversation class following the English curriculum and the special programs are not developed yet. Third, while teachers have positive opinions about the influence on the English abilities of students, students showed negative opinions about the influence. It means we need to develop English programs that offer students more fun, considering their interests. Fourth, the overall opinions about EECs seemed to confirm) that EECs could provide students more opportunities to use and learn English. The requirements of teachers and students indicated that the shortage of working staff, the heavy work load on the staff in charge, and the absence of special programs were first to be solved. Further research is therefore needed in this areas.

경골 골절후 발생한 족부 변형들의 분석 및 치료 결과에 대한 분석

김정렬,김영신,신성진,김상림,서규범,Kim, Jung-Ryul,Kim, Young-Sin,Shin, Sung-Jin,Kim, Sang-Rim,Seo, Kyu-Bum 대한족부족관절학회 2009 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the relating factors for deformities of the foot after tibial fracture and the outcome of respective surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: We studied thirty-two patients (thirty-five feet) who had foot deformities after tibia fracture. The age, gender, shape, location, concurrent soft tissue injury and operative treatment of tibial fracture were analysed and outcome of the surgical treatment was investigated. Results: Deformities of the foot mostly occurred in open fractures of Gustilo type 3 or closed fracture with severe soft tissue injury. Variable surgical treatments such as simple release, lengthening, Z-plasty and osteotomy were performed. The AOFAS ankle-hind foot scale was improved from average of 37.3 points preoperatively to an average of 77.2 points at the last follow up. The Maryland foot score was from 42.9 to 90.2 and AOFAS Lesser Toe Metatarso-phalangeal interphalangeal scale was from 42.9 to 90.5. Radiological correction was also improved from 21.9 degrees to 7.9 degrees (Meary angle), from 112.2 to 138.5 (Hibb's angle) and from 33.8 to 25.9 (Calcaneal pitch). Conclusion: We proposed that great care should be taken of treatment for the tibial fracture and early detection and proper management of the foot deformities are crucial.

활성탄의 표면 구조 변화에 따른 흡착 특성 연구

김정렬,서문원,신창호,김영호,이근회,지상운 한국연초학회 1994 한국연초학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Relationships between surface structure and adsorption properties of smoke components were investigated in surface-modified and un-modified activated carbon filter cigarettes. Commercially available activated carbon was treated with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, and their pore volume, surface structure, BET surface area, pore type and size were studied. BET surface area and pore volume were decreased by nitric acid treatment, but median pore diameter was 8.1 $\AA$, which showed better development of pore compared with that of un-modified activated carbon, 6.9 $\AA$. In case of hydrogen peroxide treatment, BET surface area and pore volume were increased. Their pore was found to be a slit type based on V-t plot analysis. Neutralization capacities for bases of different strength (NaHCO3, Na2CO3, NaOEt and NaOH) showed that the majority of the acidic surface groups are of weak acidity. Modification of the activated carbon surface led to a slight change in adsorption properties when analyzing the smoke of triple-filter cigarette with surface-modified activated carbon.

공공서비스 관리방식의 전략적 결정사례분석

김정렬,안병철,서상원,한인섭 한국청소년환경시설학회 2007 한국청소년시설환경학회보 Vol.5 No.2

Expression of PTEN, Tumor Suppressor Protein, in Aggressive Fibromastosis

김정렬,Kim, Jung-Ryul The Korean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 2003 대한골관절종양학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare soft tissue tumor with locally invasive and infiltrative characteristics. The mechanism of this invasive nature was not reported until now. Mutations or reduction of PTEN, tumor suppressor gene, in cancer tissues, have been found to be associated with invasiveness and metastatic properties of cancer cells. To know the pattern of expression of PTEN in aggressive fibromatosis, we analysed the expression of PTEN with immunohistochemical stain and immunoblotting. PTEN was homogeneously expressed in the normal musculoaponeurotic tissues, but absent or very faint in tissues of patients with aggressive fibromatosis as evidenced by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical examinations. Although the meaning of decreased PTEN expression in aggressive fibromatosis is not certain, it might be involved in the growth of the aggressive fibromatosis, and associated with phenotype of aggressive fibromatosis.

ICT 기반 영어 교수-학습 프로그램에 구성된 의사소통성 증진 방안 연구

김정렬 한국영어교육학회 2002 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.57 No.4

Treatment Outcomes at Skeletal Maturity after Calcaneo-Cuboid-Cuneiform Osteotomy for Symptomatic Flatfoot Deformity in Children

김정렬,김기범,정성우,함동훈,왕성일 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes at skeletal maturity after a calcaneo-cuboid-cuneiform osteotomy (triple C osteotomy) for symptomatic flatfoot deformity compared with healthy young adult controls. Methods: Nineteen patients (30 feet) who undergone a triple C osteotomy for idiopathic symptomatic flatfeet from July 2006 to April 2013 were compared with 19 controls (38 feet). Radiographic measurements at preoperative examination, 1-year postoperative follow-up, and follow-up at skeletal maturity were evaluated. Functional outcomes were assessed by using the validated visual analog scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA) and the modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery (AOFAS) score. Results: In the triple C osteotomy group, 11 of 12 radiographic measurements were significantly improved at 1 year postoperatively and the last follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no recurrence at skeletal maturity (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in nine of 12 radiographic measurements between the triple C osteotomy group at maturity and the control group (p > 0.05). Average VAS-FA and AOFAS scores were significantly improved at the time of skeletal maturity (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Surgical correction of symptomatic flatfoot deformity in childhood resulted in favorable outcomes after the triple C osteotomy. Deformity correction was also maintained during follow-up at skeletal maturity.