Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2

The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.

대인간 기술(People Skills) 증진 프로그램의 효과 연구(Ⅰ)

정계숙,심미경 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1998 영유아보육연구 Vol.4 No.-

The study aimed at implementing the social enhancement program, named the People Skills Program for children with problems of social development and describing the effects of the program. As a group counseling program, the People Skills Program was focused on enhancement of children's self-understanding and social skills. Four children from four elementary schools were target children referred by their mother and teachers to the Counseling Depart of Child Educare Research Institutel, Pusan National University. Two boys were in the 3rd grade and two girls were in the 2nd grade. The K-ABC Intelligence Test and the Social Skill Rating Scale were applied to identify whether the developmental charcteristics of the referred children were suitable for the program and the development levels of social skills of the target children. With annecdotal records for 12 sessions, each of the sessions took 90 minutes, once a week, the behavioral changes of the target children were analyzed. Effects of the program were described and discussed.

裡里市 公園開發에 關한 硏究 : Centering around Pai San Park

郭桂煥 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

For the establishment of the inclination of a large Park in middle or Small city is apt to fail many reasons, the establishment of the in clination of the Park in IRi City of which the terrain is plain has to regard the line of movility of citizen and has to develop in small Park and has to emphasize the following : 1. We has to take advantage of the open space which is barren or marsh and has to develop plain. 2. The establishment of on pulclic athletic field is impossible for the national budget and has retain the nonofficial fund.

따뜻한 유아교육공동체 형성을 위한 구성원의 공통 핵심 역량 요소 탐색

정계숙,윤갑정,박희경 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2016 교사교육연구 Vol.55 No.2

The purpose of the study was to examine the community members’ core competences for forming a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community as an ideal model of early childhood education. For this purpose, 6 people including parents, teacher, practician in the communal childcare cooperatives and 6 people including professors, directors teacher, school supervisor participated in the Focus Group Interview (FGI). The results were as follows: The first core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sense of partnership which was characterized by; ‘understanding each other and warm hearted sympathy’, ‘a common purpose for children’s future’, ‘forgiveness and accepting each other’s differences’, and ‘meeting for building a positive relationship’. The second core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sharing of key values between members which was characterized by; ‘establishment of self-identity and community identity’, ‘sharing perspectives and values on education’, ‘willingness for learning together in daily life’ and ‘democratic communication skill and decision-making ability’. Implications for the core competencies development and support toward building a warm early childhood educational community was discussed.

소세지 製造原料肉代替에 關한 硏究

宋啓源,金顯旭 서울大學校 農科大學 1977 서울대농학연구지 Vol.2 No.2

Extenders including wheat flour, defatted soy flour, skim milk powder, and demineralized whey powder were used in examining the value of partial substitution of pork in sausage making. Each of the substuting ingredients were tested at the level of 10%, 20% and 30% of pork. Cooked sausages of Frankfurter style were made by the conventional method and tested for their physico-chemical properties and the tissue structure was compared. Following results have been obtained: 1) As more extenders are added, moisture and protein content of sausages were increased, while the fat content was decreased. This is probably due to added ice water. 2) Moisture, protein, and fat constituted 85.13% of the sausages, which is still good as the standard grade. 3) As more extenders are added, ratio of protein : moisture (W/P) was increased from 5.17 to 5.65, which is still below 6.0 and acceptable. 4) Average free water content of sausages was 6.5%, which evidenced the average binding quality. The sausage containing defatted soy flour contained 4.97% of free water, the one containing skim milk powder had 5.13% free water, the one containing wheat flour had 7.23% free water, and the one containing whey powder had 8.87% free water. 5) Firmness, which was tested by penetration value, did not show much differences among the kinds of extenders, but firmness of the sausages was increased in the order of sausages containing wheat flour, skim milk powder, defatted soy flour, and whey powder. 6) Sausages containing 10% of extenders showed large fat globules well and widely distributed among the fine protein tissue structure, but as more extenders are added, the size of fat globules was decreased and the tissue structure became crude. 7) Considering the content of moisture, protein, and fat, protein : moisture ratio (W/P), binding properties, and firmness, the effectiveness of extenders in substituting pork was decreased in the order of defatted soy flover, skim milk powder, wheat flour and whey powder. Wheat flour and whey powder can be used at the level of 20% or below, and defatted soy flour and skim milk powder could be used up to 30% of the pork. 8) Pediococcus acidilactici was isolated and identified from meat scraps of meat chopper in order to make the fermented sausage. 9) The fermented sausage of the same formulation did mot evidence the spoilage up to 30 days at 20℃ and up to four months at refrigeration temperature. 10) Acceptability of fermented sausages was best with skim milk-containing sausages and decreased in the order of whey powder, wheat flour, and soyflour sausages.

아동의 학습준비도의 성취동기, 가정 및 지역환경과의 관계(I)

정계숙 부산대학교 사범대학 1988 교사교육연구 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables related with preschool children's learning readiness. Children's motivational factor, home environment factors(parent's achievement pressure, play materials of home) and community factors (achievement pressure of community, educational resources of community) were selected as independent variables on the basis of review previous researches. The subjects of the study were 105 kindergarten children (61boys, 44girls) and their mothers in city and rural area. 'School Readiness Test', 'Children's Achievement Test(Nalongyee)' and questionnaire about home and community environment were administered to them. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Preschool children's learning readiness correlated with their achievement motivation positively (r=.27) and r of urban children was higher than that of rural children. But between two areas was not significant. 2. Preschool children's learning readiness positively correlated with parent's achievement pressure and play materials of home (r=,19, .43). Correlation between rural children's readiness and play materials was higher than that of urban children, but not significant. 3. Preschool children's learning readiness have significant correlation with educational resource of community (r=.32), but not with achievement pressure of community. Only urban children have two significant correlation coefficients between learning readiness and community variables. In the case of achievement pressure of community the difference of correlation between two areas was significant. 4. There were some significant moderate relationships between independent variables. But degrees of those some correlations between them were significantly different in urban and rural subjects. 5. Dependent variable was explained 23% by 5 independent variables, especially play materials of home and children's achievement motivation were the most predictable variables. Degree of explanation were different in urban and rural children.

쌓기영역에서의 소꿉놀이감 제공이 유아 사회-인지 놀이행동에 미치는 영향

정계숙,이은하 부산대학교 사범대학 2000 교사교육연구 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the provision of house-keeping materials in the block area on young children's social-cognitive play behaviors during free-play time. The subjects were a total of 68 4year olds from two classrooms of a preschool located in Pusan. The major findings of the study were as follow: First, there were no significant differences between experimental and control group girls on social-cognitive play behaviors. Second, for experimental group boys, the frequencies of social-cognitive play behaviors, like solitary-role, parallel-role & group-role play were increased significantly, but not for control boys. Third, the frequencies of solitary-role, parallel-role & group-role play behaviors were significantly different between experimental and control group. There was a meaningful the frequency of solitary-constructive play between boys and girls. However, there were no interaction effects by groups (experimental vs control) and sex of children on social-cognitive play behaviors.

통합교육을 위한 부모교육 프로그램 개발의 기초 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 1999 교사교육연구 Vol.37 No.-

교육연극을 적용한 집단상담프로그램이 유아의 친사회적 행동 증진에 미치는 영향 : 또래관계 형성이 어려운 유아를 중심으로

정계숙,김미정,김정은 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2002 영유아보육연구 Vol.8 No.-

This study examined the applicability of creative drama to group intervention for poorly accepted elementary school children. The study was one of the planned variations study series for identifying the effectiveness of the social and emotional difficulties or developmental delays by the Child Counselling and Intervention Center Child Educare Research Institute, PNU since 1998. The goal of the program was to improve prosocial behavior through creative drama on emotion regulation and social skill. The subjects were 6 children, age 10∼13, with poorly accepted elementary school children. The program was composed of total 16 sessions for 16 weeks. Each session was implemented for 90 minutes by intervenient. Every child was observed and recorded on 3∼4 target behaviors after the 4th session. The behavior episodes of each of children were described through all sessions by the assigned observers for each child. The effects of the program were described with qualitative analysis and the behavior episodes related each child's target behaviors. The changes of target behaviors and other related prosocial behaviors of children were different to children. It was concluded that the group intervention program intended to improve prosocial behavior through the creative drama was generally effective for poorly accepted children.

어머니의 거부적 양육태도로 인한 반항적/적대적 행동문제 유아의 놀이치료 사례연구

정계숙,이은하 부산유아교육학회 2003 유아교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

본 연구논 어머니의 거부적 양육으로 인한 반항적이고 적대적인 행동 문제로 일상생황에 부적응을 나타내는 만3세 5개월 된 유아를 대상으로 아동 중심 놀이치료를 실시한 결과에 대한 보고이다. 치료 과정을 탐색단계, 보호의 시험단계, 실험적 치료단계, 그리고 종결단계로 나누고, 그 단계별로 유아-치료자간의 관계와 놀이에 나타난 유아의 정서를 중심으로 유아의 변화를 펴보았다. 그리고 어머니와의 면담과 전화상담을 통한 모자 관계의 변화도 함께 기술하였다. 그 결과, 유아는 놀이치료 과정을 통하여 자신의 내면화된 갈등과 억압을 객관화함으로써 감정을 조절할 수 있게 되었고 자기상(self-image)이 긍정적으로 변화되어 문제행동이 크게 감소되었다. 또한 어머니의 양육태도와 행동의 변화로 모자관계가 바람직한 방향으로 변화되었다. This study aimed to report the effect of child-centered play therapy for a young child with oppositional/defiant behavior problems caused by rejective parenting of mother. The subject was a 3.5 year old girl. According to the 4 stages of play therapy process such as the exploratory stage, the testing for protection stage, the realistic healing stage, and the terminal stage, the changes of child were described qualitatively on the standards of analysis, the child-therapist relationship and the emotion of child expressed in play activities. The changes of mother-child relationship were analyzed on the basis of data from weekly direct interviews and telephone counseling with mother. The results showed that the child could externalize her own internalized conflicts and constraints resulting from inappropriate and rejective parenting and make her emotion objective through the process of play therapy, therefore the problem behaviors were reduced a lot. Having the regular interviews and counseling with therapist, mother could understand the development of her daughter and change her perception of child’s problem behaviors, and these changes made the mother-child relationship positive. It concluded that not with the child’s own changes, but the changes of mother helped her child to develop a positive self-image, and to reduce oppositional/defiant behaviors.