Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Ji Yeon Son,Yoon Jong Kang,Kyeong Seok Kim,Tae Hyung Kim,Sung Kwang Lim,Hyun Jung Lim,Tae Cheon Jeong,Dal Woong Choi,Kyu Hyuck Chung,Byung Mu Lee,Hyung Sik Kim 한국독성학회 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.2

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

유전성 대사질환에서의 동종조혈모세포이식 : 단일 기관에서의 경험 A single center experience

유건희,김흥렬,이지은,이호영,천정미,성기웅,구홍회,이문향,진동규,김종원,김대원,김형록 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.2

배경: 유전성 대사질환의 치료로서 효소 요법 및 유전자 치료가 제한적인 현실에서 동종 조혈모세포이식이 현재로선 가장 중요한 치료가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 단일 기관에서 유전성 대사질환에 대해 동종 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 경험을 보고하고자 하였다. 방법: 삼성서울병원 유전성 대사질환 조혈모세포이식팀에서는 1999년 12월부터 2001년 3월까지 총 6례의 유전성 대사질환을 대상으로 동종 조혈모세포이식을 시행하였다. 대상 질환은 Hunter 증후군 3례, galactosialidosis 1례, 이염성 백질이영양증 1례, 부신백질이영양증 1례였으며 성별 분포는 남아가 5명, 여아가 1명이었으며 연령 분포는 2년 9개월에서 15년 9개월이었다. 5례는 HLA 일치 혈연간 골수이식이었으며 1례는 HLA 불일치 T 림프구 제거 말초혈액 조혈모세포이식이었다. 전처치는 모두 BuCy를 사용하였으며 이식편대숙주반응의 예방에는 cyclosporine을 사용하였다. 이식된 세포는 유핵세포가 4.81×10^(8)(2.40~7.01×10^(8))/kg이었으며 CD34+ 세포는 3.65×10^(6)(0.88~10.72×10^(6))/kg이었다. 결과: 이식 후 조혈기능의 회복은 모두 조기에 달성되었으며(ANC>500: 정중 9.5일, 범위 9~14일; PLT>50K: 정중 32일, 범위 23~34일) 이식과 관련된 합병증은 Gr I의 aGVHD 3례, 국한성의 cGVHD 1례, 경증의 간정맥 폐쇄성 질환이 1례이었다. 모든 환자에서 직간접적으로 이식 후 효소의 생산이 증가함이 확인되었으며 임상적인 호전을 보인 경우가 4례, 질병 진행이 중단된 경우가 1례, 질병이 진행된 경우가 1례이었다. 질병 진행이 중단되었던 1례는 면역억제제 투여 중 수두 감염에 의한 폐출혈로 사망하였다. 결론: 유전성 대사질환에서 동종 조혈모세포이식이 가장 중요한 치료법으로 사용될 수 있고 중추신경계 증상이 나타나기 전, 가능한 조기에 조혈모세포이식을 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것이며 적극적인 지지 요법이 필요하다. 향후 더 많은 임상 경험이 필요하리라 사료된다. Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be the most important treatment modality to cure a number of genetic metabolic disorders because of the limitation of enzyme replacement or gene therapy. In this study, we report our single center experience about HSCT in several genetic metabolic disorders. Methods: We performed 6 cases of HSCT for genetic metabolic disorders from December 1999 to March 2001. Patients' diagnoses were Hunter syndrome (3), galactosialidosis (1), metachromatic leukodystrophy (1), and adrenoleukodystrophy (1). Stem cell sources were bone marrow from HLA matched sibling donors in 5 patients and mother's peripheral blood stem cells in one patient who did not have HLA matched donors. Busulfan and cyclophosphamide for conditioning, and cyclosporine for the prevention of graft versus host disease were used in all patients. Transplanted total nucleated cell counts were median 4.81×10^(8)(2.40~7.01×10^(8))/kg , and CD34+ cells 3.65×10^(6)(0.88~10.72×10^(6))/kg. Results: All patients achieved early hematologic recovery (median 9.5 days, range 9~14 days for ANC>500/μL; median 32 days, range 23~34 days for PLT>50,000/μL). Transplant-related complications were 3 cases of grade 1 acute GVHD, a case of limited chronic GVHD, and a case of mild hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Enzyme levels were normalized in 4 patients evaluated and there were indirect evidences of enzyme production in the other 2 patients after HSCT. Four of the 6 patients showed symptomatic improvement, 1 patient (galactosialidosis) experienced disease stabilization without progression before he eventually died due to pulmonary hemorrhage, and the other 1 patient deteriorated progressively even after HSCT. Conclusions: Allogeneic HSCT can be done as the only curative treatment in a number of genetic metabolic disorders. It seems desirable to perform HSCT as early as possible before the onset of central nervous system symptoms. More experience and long term follow up is needed to evaluate the efficacy and to monitor the long term transplant-related complications.

Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Son, Ji Yeon,Kang, Yoon Jong,Kim, Kyeong Seok,Kim, Tae Hyung,Lim, Sung Kwang,Lim, Hyun Jung,Jeong, Tae Cheon,Choi, Dal Woong,Chung, Kyu Hyuck,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Hyung Sik Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.2

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

입제농약을 활용한 벼 병해충 생력방제 연구

김정수,이종옥,강수웅,김재현 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2003 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.16 No.-

The experiment was carried out to establish of labor-saving control system on paddy field transplanted young rice seedling by machine. We examined the effect of control value between conventional control method that applied 6 times to paddy field during cultivation period and labor-saving control method that applied systematic pesticide one time to the seed, to the nursery box at transplanting day and twice to the middle stage of rice cultivation. The control value in labor-saving control method of Laodelphax striatellus, Nephotettix cincticeps and Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus were 93.4%, 92.7% and 86.1% compared with untreatment field, respectively and also the labor-saving method was more efficient than conventional control method at early stage of rice cultivation. The control value in labor-saving method of Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were more than 84% and these showed almost same trend with conventional control method. The control value in labor-saving method of leaf blast and panicle blast were 91.7%, 93.8%, that showed similar result with conventional control method. The control value in the nursery box at transplanting day of sheath blight was 83.6%, these result were better than conventional control method that applied 2 times at middle stage of rice cultivation.

패혈증 이후 발생한 스트레스성 심근병증 2례

김종훈,남궁준,박혜연,황철웅,박경일,도준형,이성윤,이원로 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

The transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a recently described novel cardiac syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by transient asynergy of the ventricular apex or mid-ventricle in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronay artery disease. This report concerns two types of morphologic difference about left ventricular apex and mid-ventricle. In this case, we report two types of stress-induced cardiomyopathy with review of literatures.

규칙적인 유산소성 운동이 비만아동들의 신체구성 및 호흡순환기능에 미치는 영향

김태운,신군수,김종인,이광무,김성헌,안병철,고기준,한재웅,이재규 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1997 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examined the effect of supervised regulary aerobic exercise program with cardiorespiratory function of obese children. The subjects were 16 obese Childrens(elementary school 4∼5 grade), and engaged in regulary aerobic exercise program for 9 weeks(5 days/week, 100 min/day, 60∼70% HRmax) with mountain climbing, basketball and football. The items of cardiorespiratory function measured VEmax, HRmax, RQmax, VCO₂max, VCO₂max, VCO₂max/kg and BFmax after treadmill exercise load. The conclusion of this study was as follows ; 1. In body composition, there were significant decrease(P<0.001) after aerobic exercise for 9 weeks in body weight, percent body mass index 2. In cardiorespiratory function, there were significant increase(P<0.001) after aerobic exercise for 9 weeks in VEmax and VCO₂max by treadmill exercise load. 3. In cardiorespiratory function, there were significant increase(P<0.001) after aerobic exercise for 9 weeks in VO₂mex and RQmax by treadmill exercise load. 4. In cardiorespiratory function, there were significant increase(P<0.001, P< 0.01) after aerobic exercise for 9 weeks in VO₂max/kg and BFmax by treadmill exercise load.

天然産 자라의 食品學的 成分에 對한 硏究

金仙英,權敬順,朴一雄,金鍾培 군산대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The object of this study is to obtain a fundamental data on the food and nutritive components of wild fresh water Mud-turtle, Amyda-sinensis, propduced in Korea.For this purpose, the food components in each portion such as the layer of fat, blood and total flesh were investigated and compared by the distinction of sex, respectively.Th results obtained are summarized as follows : 1.Proximate compositions of total flesh between the female and male were nearly the same on the whole, as the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, total sugar and crude ash were 78.4-80.1%, 16.8-18.7%, 1.5-1.6%, 0.3-0.4%, 1.1%, respectively. Protein-N occupied 89%, 91% of total nitrogen content, respectively. 2.The analysis of free amino acids showed that histidine, methionine and arginine were major amino acids in the flesh extract of female, having 32.7% (546.30mg%), 28.8%(481.44mg%),19.7%(329.72mg%) on dry basis, and that histidine, methionine, serine were major in the male, having 34.6% (360.45mg%),28.6% (298.39mg%),8.2% (85.18mg%) of total free amino acid contents, respectively. While the other free amino acid contents except threonine and proline in trace of undetected amount were relatively poor by the content ratio of 0.2-5.3%. 3.The content of lysine in total flesh of the female and male seemed to be marked differences, being 13.5%(2415.73mg%) and 9.3%(1465.37mg%) respectively, but the other amino acid compositions of the female showed similar tendency to that of the male without significant differences. The major amino acids were glutamic acid (16.3-17.7%), lysine (9.3-13.5%), aspartic acid (7.6-8.7%) leucine (7.7-8.3%), alanine (5.8-6.2%) and arginine (5.6-6.0%) occupied 56.2-56.5% of total amino acids, but such amino acid contents as proline, threonine glycine, valine, phenylalanine, serine, isoleucine, tyrosine, methionine and histidine were low in order, while cystine and tryptophan were least amount. The essential amino acid content of 8 kinds occupied 38.0-43.2% (2471.92-2832.72mg/gN) of total amino acids. 4.Among the 9 kinds of minerals analyzed such as total flesh and blood, mineral compositions in the female showed similar to the pattern in the male. Such macrominerals as potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus contents in flesh were absolutely predominant being more than 98.0% (498.5-521.6mg%), these four elements in blood also occupied 92.7-94.1% (498.1-551.6mg%) of total minerals, while iron content of micromineral in blood 5.3-6.8% (31.0-36.4mg%). 5.Fatty acid compositions in total lipid were different considerably by the distinction of sex and each portion except layer of fat. The major fatty acids of flesh in the female and male were shown to be C18 : 1(1425.7%), C16 : 0(13.5-18.6%), C18 : 3(9.0-17.4%), C16 : 1(13.4-16.4%), and particulary C18 : 2(20.0%), C14 : 1(16.5%) in the male.In fresh blood of the female and male, C18 : 1(16.3-36.7%), C16 : 1 (16.2-18.5%), C18 : 3 (13.7-17.3%), C16 : 0(8.5-9.6%) were the most abundant fatty acids, and particulary C14 : 1(10.1%), C18 : 2(9.1%) in the male. In the layer of fat, the major fatty acids were C18 : 1(25.2-28.0%), C16 : 0(17.2-18.3%), C16 : 1 (15.8-17.0:7), C18 : 3 (10.5-11.6%) and C18 : 2(8.8-9.7%).Total lipids consisted of 18.3-32.5% of saturated fatty acids, 42.6-60.6% of monoene and 19.2-29.2% of polyene acids to total fatty acids, respectively, and P/S ratio in each fortion were in sphere of 0.7-1.2.

논우렁이의 營養學的 成分에 관한 硏究

金鐘培,朴一雄 군산대학교 1987 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.2

This study was carried out to obtain an information for the nutritive component in edible portion of river snail, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, as proximate compositions, contribution proteinnitrogen, free amino acids, amino acids, fatty acids constituting to total lipid, and minerals compositions. In total nitrogen contents, protein-N was 80.8%. Arginine, alanine and histidine were the main amino acids in quantity of river snail extract, having 20.2% (58.98mg%), 15.8% (46. l2mg%), 12.6% (36.80mg%) of total free amino acid contents, respectively, and the order of the next contents showed as lysine, glutamic acid, threonine, leucine, proline, serine, methionine and isoleucine , but the content of valine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid were all low, cystine was detected in trace amount and tyrosine was not detected. Amino acids in edible portion of river snail appeared to be 18 kinds, glutamic acid (19.1%), aspartic acid (9.3%), leucine (8.5%), arginine (7.6%), and Iysine (7,0%) content were the most abundant amino acids, while such amino acids as alanine, glycine, proline, threonine , serine, phenylalanine, valise, tyrosine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, and tryptophan were low , and cystine was detected in least amount. Valine was the first limiting amino acid in the 8 kinds of essential amino acids and its amino acid score 67%. The fatty acid constituting to total lipid was composed chiefly of oleic-acid (33.4%), linolenic acid (15.2%) stearic acid (13.6%), palmitic acid (10.5%), and palmitoleic acid (8.7%), but margaric acid, linoleic acid, myristoleic acid, myristic acid and lauric acid were small amount. The content of Ca, P, K, Na Mg, Fe, Zn. Mn, and Cu were 1055.0,191.0,116.3,70.0, 16.7,11.8,6.2,0.8 and 0.7mg%, respectively.

양성 및 음성 정신분열병 아형에서 사고의 정신병리적 특성에 관한 비교연구

김종숙,함웅,홍광화 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.3

The authors have studied the content and severity of thought disorder between the subjects of the positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia. It's hypothetical ground is that the positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenics might bear highly significant differences in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, psychopathology, also therapeutic and prognostic terms. In that regards, the author reported the neuropsychological significance in differentiating the two subtypes from each other, such that the negative subtype showed the worse function in the short-term recall against the auditory stimuli than the positive. To comparatively analyze the content and severity of thought disorder between the two subtypes, the authors utilized the Thought Discorder Index(TDI) scores and Holt's scale of the primary process thinking content. The results were as follows: 1) The total score of TDI as a whole, showed somewhat more thought disorder in the positive subtype subjects than the negative, though this failed to reach the statistical significance. In 0.75 level of TDI, the positive subtype subjects showed statistically significantly worse thought disorder than the negative. 2) In the comparative study of the primary process thinking content, the positive subtype subjects showed degree in the aggressive content but lower degree in the anxiety content than the negative subtype subjects with statistical significance. 3) In the correlation study, 0.5 level of TDI correlated with the libidinal content of the primary process with blunted affect and the aggressive content with lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation. The above result might suggest that the positive subtype of schizophrenia demonstrated more severe thought disorder, if we regard that responses scored at the 0.75 level of TDI represent clear thought disturbances. The negative subtype of schizophrenia tends to possess higher anxious and libidinal content of the primary process thinking.

미꾸라지 열처리중 지방산 조성의 변화

金鍾培,朴一雄 군산대학교 1984 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.3

This experiment was carried out to investigated the instant food impossibility of wild loach, Misgurnus mizolepis, which is important fresh-water fish in this country. Semi-dressed meat heated at 80℃ by microwave (2450 MHz), that temperature decrease to comparatively the nutrient damage and yield to the most high taste ingredients. Quality estimatiens were conducted to the heating time each, and then followed by organoleptic test. Composing patterns of the fatty acids were investigated by gas-liquid chromatography. Wild loach contained mainly C18:1 , C16:1 , C18:2 , C16:0 and next C18:3 , C18:0 , C14:0 , C14:1 , and C20:4 , C20:1 , were contained small amount. In composition fatty acids of loach roasted, satureted fatty acid was 26.5%, unsatureted fatty acid 58.5%. Total fatty acid decreased by 0.9% as raw ratio in loach roasted.