Scrambling and Parasitic Gaps in Korean

( Jong Un Park ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2019 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.37 No.-

The main aim of this paper is to answer long-standing questions surrounding parasitic gaps in Korean: First, does Korean have genuine parasitic gap constructions?; secondly, if there are PGCs in Korean, what kind of movement licenses PGs?; and third, do a PG and an real gap form a single chain or separate chains? We argue that Korean has not only an adjunct type but also a subject type of PGs, contra S. Park's(2018) view that only the latter type is available in the language. As for the second question, building on K.-H. Lee(1988, 1998), we maintain that it is scrambling that licenses PGs in both types of PGs, and that the operation must apply in those configurations to obviate weak crossover effects. Finally, we present data that support the non-separate chain view, namely that both real gaps and PGs are licensed by the same instance of scrambling. In particular, we adopt the sideward movement approach (Hornstein & Nunes 2002) as a viable way of deriving the properties of PGs in Korean under the non-separate chain view.

Person Restrictions and Control Effects

( Jong Un Park ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2013 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.58

This paper is concerned with person restrictions imposed on subjects in two constructions in Korean and explores how the person restrictions correlate with the determination of the referents of null subjects in embedded contexts. One of the two constructions accompanies the modal marker -keyss with a volitive meaning, while the other involves a subject experiencer predicate (SEP), such as kulip- ``miss`` and sulphu- ``sad``. Showing that the mandatory referential dependencies between an embedded null subject and a matrix argument are obligatory control (OC) in the two constructions, this paper offers a syntactic analysis of how to derive the OC relations. To this end, extending J. Park``s (2011b) analysis of jussive control constructions in Korean, this paper suggests that the OC effects in the two constructions can be derived by a series of syntactic binding, akin to operator-variable binding. It is further shown, as a consequence, that the proposed analysis properly captures shift in the type of person restrictions and that of OC in interrogative contexts.

A Predication Analysis of Korean Numeral Classifier Constructions

( Jong Un Park ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2019 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.38 No.-

The major goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of two major approaches to post-nominal numeral classifier (post-NC) constructions, claiming that a predication approach, where an associate NP and a numeral-classifier (NC) complex are taken to be a subject and a predicate, respectively, is more tenable than a non-predication approach. As convincingly shown in Y.-T. Hong (2019), previous studies under the non-predication view are problematic in that they fail to properly capture several properties. However, although Y.-T. Hong is correct in showing the problematic aspects of the non-predication approach, his own ‘inverted predication analysis,’ which considers the associate NP as a predicate and the Num-Cl complex as a subject, is not unproblematic. After demonstrating that the inverted predication analysis poses some problems, we suggest an alternative version of predication analysis by adapting S.-Y. Park’s (2009, 2017) and Park and Park’s (2019) analyses.

설악산국립공원 멸종위기 산양(Naemorhedus caudatus) 개체군 크기와 서식지 이용 현황

조재운 ( Chea Un Cho ),김규철 ( Kyu Cheol Kim ),권구희 ( Gu Hui Kwon ),김기윤 ( Ki Yoon Kim ),이배근 ( Bae Keun Lee ),송병철 ( Bung Cheol Song ),박종길 ( Jong Gil Park ) 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구에서는 설악산국립공원에 서식하는 멸종위기종 산양과 서식지의 보전 및 관리를 위해 산양의 분변 및 카메라 트랩을 이용한 개체수와 서식지 이용 분석을 2010~2014년 동안 수행하였으며 생태학적 조사 방법(흔적조사, 카메라트 랩조사)을 사용하였다. 분변 조사와 카메라트랩핑 분석 결과 각각 166개체 및 251개체의 산양이 설악산국립공원에 서식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 흔적조사(분변)를 통한 서식지 이용 특성 분석에서 산양은 경사도 35°~60°, 고도 600~700m, 향 북동, 수계와의 거리 0~50m, 도로와의 거리 300~600m, 활엽수림을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 카메라트랩 조사를 통한 산양 개체군 구성, 주간(07-18시)이 56.5%, 야간(18-07시)이 43.5%로 산양의 활동성을 파악하였다. 이러한 산양의 개체수와 서식지 이용 특성 분석은 향후 그들이 살아가는 서식지의 보전과 서식지의 관리를 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study was conducted investigate population size and habitat use for the conservation and management of the endangered long-tailed goral in the Seoraksan National Park using feces and camera trap during 2010 to 2014 (track survey, camera trap). As a result of feces tracking and camera trap, its population size was estimated as 160 (camera trap)~251 (feces) individuals in the Seoraksan National Park. The goral prefer 35°~60° (slope), 600~700m (elevation), NE (aspect), 0~50m (distance to stream), 300~600m (distance to road) and bread-leaved forest (forest type) according to field tracking of fecal. Based on field camera trap, we estimated the age classes of goral populations and activity of gorals during day-time (07-18 time, 56.5%) and night-time (18-07 time, 43.5%). Such analyses of population size and habitat use of the goral could be applied as important fundamental data for conservation of gorals and management of their habitats.

Two Types of Negation in Let Imperatives

Hye ran Lee,Jong Un Park 한국생성문법학회 2014 생성문법연구 Vol.24 No.3

This paper aims to complement Park's (2013) approach to let imperatives by presenting new data. Based on Zanuttini's (1996) generalization about the dependency between the presence of TP and the availability of sentential negation, Park claims that the complement clause selected by -key-ha 'let' in Korean can be negated because of the presence of TP, but the one selected by let in English cannot due to the absence of TP. Although his analysis of the distribution of sentential negation is on the right track, there are English data in which the lower clause of let imperatives can be negated with not. We bring together a wider range of data of let imperatives from various sources, which include not only the data with a sequence of Let not NP VP but also those with a sequence of Let NP not VP. These two patterns of negation are reported to be unavailable in let imperatives by Park (2013), which traces back to Potsdam (1998). However, this paper shows with several diagnostics that not serving to negate the lower clause in these two patterns is no t 'sentential' but 'constituent' negation. The conclusion we draw is that despite the structural difference of the lower clause, there is no difference in logical possibilities of negation of the lower clause between the English let imperatives and Korean key-ha-la imperatives.

한랭작업 근로자들의 건강위해에 관한 연구

박호추,정설미,문덕환,이종태,김대환,김정호,최재일,황용식,이용희,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

In order to evaluate the status of cold exposure and its health hazards of workers at cold storage workplaces and to provide basic data for effective health care, the author measured core temperature and also observed clinical symptoms and signs, past and present history, and general health examination data on 99 cold exposed workers for exposure group and 96 non-exposed workers for control group working at 2 food refrigerating companies in Pusan area from January 6, 1998 to February 24, 1998. The results were as follows: 1. There was statistically significant difference in water intake between the exposure and control group and increased urine volume, urine frequency in exposure group without statistically significant difference. 2. Past and present illness in exposure group were hypertension (18.2%), hepatopathy (8.1%), gastro-intestinal disease(7.1%), arthritis (4.0%), intervertebral disc herniation(4.0%), and so on, and hypertension, arthritis was statistically significant difference compared to control group. 3. Symptoms in exposure group were fatigue(89.9%), headache (64.6%). drowsy(63.6%), neck stiffness(59.6%), excessive food intake(59.6%). general weakness(58.6%), hunger(58.6%), numbness(54.5%), and so on, and there was statistically significant difference between the exposure and control group except fatigue, drowsy. 4. As results of clinical test abnormality rate of the systolic, diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram were significantly higher in exposed group than control. 5. Core temperature in exposure group was statistically significantly lower than control group and the highest statistically significant inverse correlation with the working hours and working frequency of daily mean cold storage. As above results, the author suggested that the further studies should be conducted to evaluate the health status of workers about chronic health effects in cold workplaces and to establish effective health care methods for them.

경북 천생산, 유학산, 숲데미산지역의 식물군락유형

박강민,김종현,강치욱,이종운 嶺南大學校基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

From April to October 2001, we studied on vegetation of 60 plots through the methods of Braun-Blanquet at Cheonsaengsan, Yuhaksan and Supdemisan in Gyeongbuk. Through the methods of interspecific affinity analysis, DECORANA and TWINSPAN the patterns of plant communities of 60 were analysed. It showed 6 communities at Cheonsaengsan, 5 communities at Yuhaksan, 6 communities at Supdemisan and total appearance of 128 species and covered with 50∼95% of tree layer, 20∼90% of shrub layer, 20∼90% of herb layer. As the result of interspecific affinity analysis it showed one big specific complex composed with 52 species and the 60 plots were divided into 4 groups by classification and ordination. One big species complex as a result of affinity analysis and eigenvalue of 0.303 at first step by classification indicate that Cheonsaengsan, Yuhaksan and Supdemisan are in developing stage of succession.

국내에서 분리된 포도상구균의 Vacomycin 내성빈도 및 특성

박성언,김종배 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.3

Vancomycin은 세포벽의 합성을 억제하여 세균에 대한 항균효과를 나타내는 glycopeptide 계 항생물질로서 그람양성세균으로 인한 감염치료에 광범위하게 사용되며, 특히 methicillin 내성 포도상구균의 선택적 치료제로 쓰이고 있다. 그러나 최근 임상검체에서도 중등도의 내성을 가지는 포도상구균 (Mu50: MIC 8 ㎍/ml)이 나타나기 시작하였고 여러 가지 여건상 국내에서도 내성균주가 분리될 가능성이 높다고 사료되어 임상검체 중 methcillin 내성 포도상구균을 대상으로 vancomycin 감수성 및 내성빈도 조사를 실시하고 이에 따른 내성기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 실험 결과 107주 (株)의 methicillin 내성균주 중 23.3%가 vancomycin에 대하여 내성을 보였으며 vancomycin 내성을 나타내는 표준균주인 Mu5O과 Mu3의 중간 정도의 내성빈도를 보였다. 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 장구균의 vancomycin 내성에 관여하는 vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, vanH 특이 유전자는 증폭되지 않았다. SDS-PAGE를 실시하여 81 kDa, 58 kDa, 33 kDa, 28 kDa 등의 주요 단백 분획을 확인하였고, Mu50에서 45 kDa의 특징적인 단백 분획을 관찰하였다. LDH enzyme assay에서는 한 개의 검체가 Mu50과 함께 높은 LDH 활성을 보였다. The vancomycin, one of the family of glycopeptide antibiotics, inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and has been widely used against gram-positive bacterial infections, especially for a treatment of methicillin resistant S. aureus inflection. However, clinical isolate which was intermediately resistant to vancomycin (Mu5O: MIC 8㎍/ml) was isolated in recent years. In this study we performed vancomycin susceptibility test with the increment method and population analysis with clinical isolates S. aureus. Also we did several kinds of tests with three selected isolates (s129: MIC 7㎍/ml, s134: MIC 7㎍/ml, s135: MIC 8㎍/ml) to find out possible mechanism of vancomycin resistance. As a result, the prevalence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus isolates among S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin was 23.3% (25/107), The vancomycin resistances of isolated strains of S. aureus were between those of Mu50 and Mu3 strains. By PCR analysis, none of the isolates with decreased vancomycin susceptibility contained known vancomycin resistant genes such as vanA, vanB, vanCl , vanC2, and vanH. Major bands of 81 kDa, 58 kDa, 33 kDa, 28 kDa were demonstrable in whole cell lysates by SDS-PAGE from all three isolates as well as reference strains. And especially, 45 kDa protein was overproduced in Mu50 strains. Among them increased production of NAD+-linked-D-lactate dehydrogenase (dnLDH) were detected from one clinical strain (s135) and Mu50 strain. From these data, we suggest that the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in these isolates are distinct from that in enterococci.

원자력발전소 PSI/ISI 데이터 관리를 위한 지능형 데이터베이스 프로그램 개발(제2보)

박은수,박익근,엄병국,이종포,한치현 한국비파괴검사학회 2000 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.20 No.3

제 1보에서 Windows 환경 하에서 PSI/ISI 데이터의 효율적 관리 및 다원적평가와 분석이 가능한 고리 원전 PSI/ISI 데이터베이스 구축과 프로그램 개발(IDPIN)에 대해 소개하였다. 제 2보에서는 월성 원자력발전소 PSI/ISI 자료 관리를 위한 지능형 데이터베이스 프로그램(WS-IDPIN)을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램에는 월성 원전 PSI/ISI 관련 자료 분석 기능, PSI/ISI UT 검사 보고서 양식의 표준화와 전산 시스템화, PSI/ISI 비파괴검사 결과의 통계적 신뢰도 평가 프로그램(depth and length sizing performance 등) 등을 개발하여 원전 PSI/ISI 데이터 관리 전문가시스템(expert system)화에 한 단계 접근하였다. In a previous paper, we have discussed the intelligent Windows 95-based data management program(IDPIN) which was developed for (effective) and efficient management of large amounts of pre-/in-service inspection(PSI/ISI) data of Kori nuclear power plants. The IDPIN program enables the prompt extraction of previously conducted PSI/ISI conditions and results so that the time-consuming data management, painstaking data processing and analysis of the past are avoided. In this study, the intelligent Windows based data management program(WS-IDPIN) has been developed as an effective data management of PSI/ISI data for the Wolsong nuclear power plants. The WS-IDPIN program includes the modules of comprehensive management and analysis of PSI/ISI results, statistical reliability assessment program of PSI/ISI results(depth and length sizing performance etc), standardization of UT report form and computerization of UT results. In addition, the program can be further developed as a unique PSI/ISI data management expert system which can be part of the PSI/ISI total support system for Korean nuclear power plants.

초등 교원 양성 대학의 교육 과정 비교, 분석 연구

박창언,이종원 한국초등교육학회 2002 초등교육연구 Vol.15 No.1

이 연구는 초등 교원 양상 대학의 위상이나 좌표가 상이한 방식으로 존재하는 초등 교원 양상 대학의 교육 과정 비교·분석을 통해 제시되는 문제점을 찾아내고 이에 따라 교육과정 구성에서 근본적으로 검토되어야 할 점을 모색하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 비교의 대상 대학은 교육대, 종합교원양성대, 종합대학내에 설치된 초등교육과로 선정하였다. 구체적인 비교·분석은 대학의 좌표, 교양 교육 분야, 그리고 전공 교육 분야로 하였다. 비교·분석의 결과 각 대학이 추구하는 방향이 교육과 연구 기능에서 강조점이 다소 차이가 있었다. 교양 교육 분야에서는 교양을 보는 성격이 차이가 있었으나, 일관된 성격을 지닌 것은 아니었다. 마지막으로 전공 교육 분야에서는 교양을 보는 성격이 차이가 있었으나, 일관된 성격을 지닌 것은 아니었다. 마지막으로 전공 교육 분야에서는 구성면에서는 유사한 면을 지니고 있지만, 교육학, 교과 교육, 실기 실습에서 대학이 추구하는 방향과 마찬가지로 차이가 있었다. 그리고 비교·분석 내용을 대학의 좌표 설정과 관련된 교육 과정 구성의 방향과 관련지어 보다 깊이 연구되어야 할 내용에 대해 논의를 하고 제언을 하였다. This study is to explore a few things that should be basically discussed in curriculum through its comparison among different types of universities. First, in order to identify the feature of university, the dimensions were divided into three parts; strategy of university, function of university and academic. Moreover, according to these, the direction of curriculum design was made. Second, university of education, department for elementary education in teachers' college and universities were selected to compare their goal and objective, general and specialized studies courses. As a result, the basic differences are below. 1) Academic teaching was emphasized in university of education while in the department for elementary education of teachers' college and universities academic discovering emphasized. 2) There were differences between contents related nature of general education. And model of general education and concrete elective courses should be improved. 3) There were differences of credit rates between education and subject teaching in major fields. And there were differences of credit and time allotment in art and physical exercise. Therefore, these issues need to be deeply discussed to establish the identity of the universities.