Bovine botulism outbreak associated with incidental consumption of presumably contaminated leftover food

( Jae Won Byun ),( Kyung Hyun Lee ),( Ha Young Kim ),( Soon Seek Yoon ),( Ji Youl Jung1 ),( Woo Seog Jeong1 ),( Jae Ku Oem ),( Jong Soo Lim ),( Myoung Heon Lee ),( You Chan Bae ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Nine cattle among 18 in a native Korean herd died or were euthanized within 3 days. The affected cattle showed cowshed. The pigs and dogs had been fed leftover food originating from nearby restaurants, and the cattle could presumably reach the contaminated food in the pig troughs. Necropsy revealed a few chicken bones and red pepper pieces as well as large amounts of grain and rice straw hay mixed in the rumen. Botulism type D was isolated in the ruminal contents of one of the cattle. We speculated that the outbreak was associated with the cattle incidentally eating presumably contaminated leftover food from the pig trough.

Oxalate와 Enrofloxacin투여한 랫트신장에 대한 병리조직학적관찰

오원석,이차수,오규실,정원일,정재용,정다히,정규식 한국임상수의학회 2003 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.20 No.4

To investigate the renal effects of enrofloxacin administration on rats induced with dehydration or hyperoxaluria, male rats were treated with enrofloxacin of 50 mg to 500 mg/kg b.w.. The microscopical observations of kidney and urine sediment were carried out in the experimental groups. The result obtained were as follows; The male rats deprived of water for 72 hours and administered with enrofloxacin. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as loss of appetite, depression, weakness, and loss of urine output became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in renal cortex, vacuolation and necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, proteinous casts within renal tubules. The male rats were orally administered with sodium oxalate and injected with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, and weakness became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there are hemorrhage of glomeruli and cortical hyperemia, vacuolation and necrosis of tubular epithelia, proteinous casts in renal tubules. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there are calcium oxalate crystal (diamond-like type) and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals (rhomboid). The male rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium oxalate and administered with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, weakness were more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in both glomeruli and renal cortex. Severe necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, bluish materials within renal tubules were also found. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there were many calcium oxalate crystals. The present results suggest that enrofloxacin has some injurious effects in rats having dehydration or hyperoxaluria, and clinically, we should consider these renal injury effects when we use enrofloxacin in patients accompanied renal disease, dehydration and hyperoxaluria conditions.

홈쇼핑 기업과 소비재 중소기업의 해외 동반진출에 관한 사례연구

정소원(So Won Jeong),양희순(Heesoon Yang),정재은(Jae Eun Chung) 한국경영학회 2017 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.08

우리나라의 지속적인 경제발전과 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 대기업과 중소기업의 간의 균형 잡힌 발전이 필요하다. 이에 대중소기업간 상생 및 해외 동반진출에 대한 관심이 높으며, 정부에서도 여러 가지 지원정책을 늘리고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 홈쇼핑 기업과 소비재 중소기업의 해외 동반진출에 관한 인터뷰를 통해 홈쇼핑의 특수성을 고려한 효율적인 유통대기업과 중소기업의 해외 동반진출 확대 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 해외 동반진출을 하고 있는 3개의 홈쇼핑 기업을 대상을 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 홈쇼핑 기업은 소비재 중소기업의 해외 판로 개척에 도움이 되며, 자원과 역량이 부족한 중소기업에게 경영 및 마케팅 역량을 활용할 수 있게 해준다. 홈쇼핑 기업이 소비재 중소기업을 지원하기 위해 영상을 제작하거나 언어를 번역해주기도 하며, 무역 통관과 관련된 서류를 지원해주기도 한다. 또한 시장개척단을 구성하여 해외시장 정보 제공 등의 지원을 한다. 그렇지만 아직까지는 홈쇼핑 기업에게 해외 동반진출이 주는 실질적인 혜택이 미미하기 때문에 장기적으로 서로 win-win할 수 있는 전략이 필요하다. 이를 위해 해외 동반진출을 독려할 수 있도록 실질적인 혜택을 제공해야 하며, 궁극적으로 CSV 개념을 실천할 수 있도록 해야 한다. There must be a balanced development of both conglomerates and small and mid-sized companies in order to secure constant economic growth and competitive edge of South Korea. Accordingly, high expectations are being placed on win-win growth and joint overseas expansion of conglomerates and small and mid-sized companies. This study seeks efficient ways to promote joint overseas expansion of major retailers and small and mid-sized companies considering the distinctiveness of home shopping by conducting interviews about joint overseas expansion of home shopping companies and small and mid-sized consumer goods companies in South Korea. Home shopping companies contribute to opening up overseas markets for small and mid-sized consumer goods companies, and allows them to make use of business and marketing competencies that they lack. Home shopping companies also produce visual materials or provide language translations, and help draw up documents for customs clearance in trading. They also form market development teams and provide information about the overseas markets. However, since the actual benefits from joint overseas expansion are minor for home shopping companies, there is a need for a strategy for win-win growth of both parties in the long run. To this end, it is necessary to provide substantial benefits to encourage joint overseas expansion and ultimately implement the concept of creating shared value (CSV).

用寒遠寒과 用熱遠熱에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論에서

채영진,신창환,임현택,여성원,한성규,이재원,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

Five elements motion and six kinds of natural factors influence not only human disease but also difference of medicine effect. Because the climate of summer is very hot, that is easy to increase the properties of hot medicines, a doctor must be careful to use it in summer. Also the climate of winter is very cold, that is easy to increase the properties of cold medicines, a doctor must be careful to use it in winter. But in the certain conditions to use diaphoretics or purgatives, in spite of that regulation a doctor can use them.

하악 제1대구치 이소맹출의 치험례

소정원,이광희,라지영,안소연,김윤희,반재혁 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

Ectopic eruption is caused by an abnormal direction of eruptive path, most common in maxillary first molar, mandibular lateral incisor, and maxillary canine, and sometimes mandibular first molar. Ectopic eruption of first molar leads to abnormal root resorption of second deciduous molar, which, if left untreated, could cause premature loss of second deciduous molar; mesial tilting and rotation of first permanent molar; lack of space for eruption of second premolar; and occlusal problems. Therefore early treatment is advised when diagnosed as ectopic eruption. Treatment of ectopic eruption in the first permanent molar involves providing proper guidance for the direction of eruption using interproximal wedging and distal tipping methods while preserving second deciduous molar. This case report shows satisfactory results of the ectopic eruption of mandibular first molars in young patients who were treated with Humphrey appliance and Halterman appliance. 이소맹출은 치아가 비정상적인 위치로 맹출하는 경우를 말하며, 주로 상악 제1대구치, 하악 측절치, 상악 견치에서 발생하며 하악 제1대구치에서는 드물게 발생한다. 제1대구치의 이소맹출은 흔히 제2유구치의 비정상적인 치근흡수를 야기하며, 이를 방치하게 되면 제2유구치의 조기상실, 제1대구치의 근심경사 및 회전, 제2소구치의 맹출 공간 부족 및 교합문제 등을 야기하게 되므로 이소맹출로 진단될 경우 조기 치료가 추천된다. 이소맹출은 대개 통상적인 방사선검사를 통해 발견되나, 간혹 제2유구치의 치근흡수가 심할 경우 치수가 감염되어 동통을 야기하는 경우도 있다. 이소맹출의 치료는 제2유구치를 보존하면서 제1대구치의 맹출 방향을 바로 잡아 주는 것으로 크게 치간이개(interproximal wedging)와 원심경사이동(distal tipping)을 이용한 방법을 사용한다. 본 증례들은 하악 제1대구치의 이소맹출을 보이는 환아들로, Humphrey appliance와 Halterman appliance를 이용하여 양호한 치료 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

알레르겐 면역요법

정재원 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.3

알레르겐 면역요법은 특정 항원을 반복해서 주사함으로써 lgE 매개성 알레르기 질환을 앓고 있는 환자들에서 증상을 완화시키고, 염증반응을 감소시키는 치료법이다. 면역요법시 관찰되는 다양한 면역학적인 변화에도 불구하고, 임상적 호전을 설명할 수 있는 정확한 기전의 규명은 아직 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 현재 제시되고 있는 유력한 면역학적인 기전으로는 세포 반응성의 감소, 차단 항체의 생성, 내성 유도, anti-idiotype 항체, 제 2형 조력 ?? 림프구의 억제 등이다. 면역요법은 알레르기 비염, 결막염, 기관지 천식, 벌독 알레르기 등에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 면역요법의 대상은 lgE 매개성 알레르기 질환을 앓고 있는 환자로서, 시간과 위험을 감수할 정도의 증상이 있어야 한다. 회피가 불가능한 알레르겐이 원인이어야 하며 약물치료에 의한 증상 경감의 정도, 증상 조절에 필요한 약물의 양과 증류 등도 고려되어야 한다. 면역요법의 가장 큰 부작용은 아나필락시스이다. 따라서 아나필락시스 발생시 이에 대처할 수 있는 숙련된 의사의 감독 하에 시행되어야 한다. 면역요법의 부작용을 견딜 수 없는 상태이거나 베타차단제를 복용중인 환자는 원칙적으로 면역요법을 받아서는 안된다. 면역요법을 언제까지 지속해야 하는 지에 대해서는 아직 논란이 많다. 효과가 있는 환자들의 경우 4-5년 정도 유지요법을 할 것을 권유하고 있으나. 이후에도 면역요법을 중단하면 증상이 악화되는 환자들이 있으며, 훨씬 오랜 기간 치료가 필요할 수도 있다.

장방형내 저온 단일 수평 원관 주위의 동결현상에 관한 실험적 연구

정현철,윤재원,장원택,전승배,이동석,김병철 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2007 機械技術硏究 Vol.10 No.1

An experimental study on water in a rectangular cavity with a horizontal cooling tube was carried out to investigate the flow character and thermal behavior in the system. Each experiment was performed with variation of initial temperature and cooling tube temperature. When the cooling tube temperature was -4℃, the supercooling phenomenon was observed regardless of the initial water temperature. And the case of cooling tube temperature was -6℃ with initial temperature was below 4℃, the supercooling phenomenon was also observedin the large region of the test section. When the cooling tube temperature was -10℃, the local region of supercooling phenomenon was observed during the freezing process. And the higher initial temperature was, the higher supercooling degree and the less difference of the ice thickness between upward and downward was observed. It is shown that by controllingthe supercooling phenomena and the cooling tube temperature, it would lead to an increase efficiency of ice making.

치과용 디지털 색상 분석용 기기의 정확성과 재현 능력에 대한 평가

정중재,박수정,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.4

본 연구에서는 치과용 디지털 색상 분석기기 중 하나인 ShadeScan (CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada)의 색상 분석의 정확성과 재현 능력을 평가하였다. 균일한 치아 배열을 가진 20대 성인 남자 8명과 여자 8명의 상악 인상을 고무인 상제 (Exaflex, GC, Japan)를 이용하여 채득하고, 인상에 A2 색상의 임시 크라운 제작용 자가중합형 레진을 주입하여 치아 모델을 완성하고, ShadeScan을 이용해 각 치아의 영상을 얻어 컴퓨터의 ShadeScan 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 그리고 측정 결과의 재현 능력를 평가하기 위해 2개의 치아 모델을 임의로 선택하여 각 치아마다 10회의 색상 측정을 시행하여 분석 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 분석된 영상의 동일 shade 간의 색차를 확인하기 위해 광중합 복합레진인 Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan)와 shade guide의 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 백색과 흑색 배경판 상에서 spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, USA)로 측정하고, ShadeScan에 의해 동일한 shade로 분석된 shade guide간의 색차를 계산하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 모든 치아에서 모델 제작 재료와 동일한 A2 색상므로 분석된 경우는 없었으며, 개개의 치아에서 전체 순면이 동일한 색상으로 분석된 예는 없었다. 또한 동일한 치아군에서 치아의 크기 , 형태 , 순면의 굴곡 등에 따라 서로 다른 색상 분포를 보였다. 재현성 평가에서 각 치아의 중앙부는 비교적 일정한 재현성출 보였으나, 절단부와 주변 부위는 재현성이 낮았으며, 동일한 shade로 분석된 shade guide 간에는 3 이상의 색차 (ΔE^(*))를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 치과용 디지털 색상 분석기기는 비록 높은 재현 능력은 가지고 있지만 정확성에 오류가 있음을 시사하며 , 따라서 이러한 기기를 이용한 색상 분석 시 좀 더 세밀한 주의와 다른 방법의 추가 사용이 필요하리라 사료된다. This study was done to evaluate the reliability of the digital color analysis system (ShadeScan, CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada) for dentistry. Sixteen tooth models were made by injecting the A2 shade chemical cured resin for temporary crown into the impression acquired from 16 adults. Surfaces of the model teeth were polished with resin polishing cloth. The window of the ShadeScan handpiece was placed on the labial surface of tooth and tooth images were captured, and each tooth shade was analyzed with the ShadeScan software. Captured images were selected in groups, and compared one another. Two models were selected to evaluate repeatability of ShadeScan, and shade analysis was performed 10 times for each tooth. And, to ascertain the color difference of same shade code analyzed by ShadeScan, CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)values of shade guide of Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan) were measured on the white and black background using the Spectrolino (GretagMacbeth, USA), and Shade map of each shade guide was captured using the ShadeScan. There were no teeth that were analyzed as A2 shade and unique shade. And shade mapping analyses of the same tooth revealed similar shade and distribution except incisal third. Color difference (ΔE^(*)) among the Shade map which analyzed as same shade by ShadeScan were above 3. Within the limits of this study, digital color analysis instrument for dentistry has relatively high repeatability, but has controversial in accuracy.

민감도 분석을 이용한 필릿용접용 용접변수 선정에 관한 연구

정재원,김일수,김학형,손성우,김인주,전광석 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Arc welding process is one of the most important technologies to join metal plates. Robotic welding offers the reduced manufacturing cost sought, but its widespread use demands a means of sensing and correcting for inaccuracies in the part, the fixturing, and the robot. A number of problems that need to be addressed in robotic arc welding processes include sensing, joint tracking, and lack of adequate mathematical models for parameter prediction and quality control, Problems with parameter settings and quality control occur frequently in the GMA(Gas Metal Arc) welding process because of the large number of interactive parameters that must be set and accurately controlled. The objectives of this paper are to realize the mapping characteristics of bead width using a sensitivity analysis and develop the neural network and multiple regression method, and finally select the most accurate model in order to control the weld qua1ity(bead width) for fillet welding. The experimental results show that the proposed neural network estimator can predict bead width with reasonable accuracy, and guarantee the uniform weld quality.

인삼을 천연배지로 하는 고등균류 배양에 관한 연구

鄭宰顯,崔元碩,曺柱鉉 충주대 2004 産業科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

This research to develop a functional food by using higher fungi from white ginseng, investigated the higher fungi using with ginseng media, the optimal culture conditions of the solid culture and the consistent of solid-product cultured. The results obtained were as follow; 1. Hericium erinaceum, Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum were observable the growth which is most excellent among 14 strains of the higher fungi using substrate with ginseng residue extract, therefore, it were used for the breed strain. 2. The optimal culture conditions of the solid culture for mycelial growth of Hericium erinaceum, Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum were added 10%(w/w) of nutrient material as brown rice etc. supplement for maximum mycelial growth. 3. The Ginseng-H. erinaceum (Ginseng-P. linteus, Ginseng-G. lucidum) solid-product cultured under these conditions consisted that were moisture of 3.5%(3.5, 3.6), crude proteins of 7.65%(9.22, 13.57), crude lipid of 8.79%(4.66, 12.02), ash of 9.86%(8.27, 13.38) and carbohydrate of 70.246%(74.33, 57.43).