크롬 6가 투여 후 A549 세포에서의 Reactive Oxygen Species와 크롬 5가의 발생

박형숙 한국환경독성학회 1996 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The production of reactive oxygen species on addition of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O_(7) to lung cells in culture was studied using flow cytometer analysis. A Coulter Epics Profile flow cytometer was used to detect the formation of reactive oxygen species after K₂Cr₂O_(7) was added to A549 cells grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, after which cellular esterases removed the acetate groups and the dye was trapped intracellularly. Reactive oxygen species oxidized the dye, with resultant fluorescence, Increased doses of Cr(Ⅵ) caused increasing fluorescence (10-fold higher than back-ground at 200 μM). Addition of Cr(Ⅲ) compounds, as the picolinate or chloride, caused no increased fluorescence. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies indicated that three (as yet unidentified) spectral "signals" of the free radical type were formed on addition of 20, 50, 100 and 200 pM Cr(VI) to the A549 cells in suspension. Two other EPR "signals" with the characteristics of Cr(Ⅴ) entities were seen at field values lower than the standard free radical value.

6가 크롬의 환원과 발암

박형숙 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Cr(Ⅵ)-containing compounds are well-established carcinogens, although the mechanism for chromium-induced carcinogenesis is still not well understood. The reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to its lower oxidation states, particularly Cr(Ⅴ) and Cr(Ⅳ), is an important step for the production of chromium-mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS). The persistent oxidative stress during the reduction process may play a key role in the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)-induced carcinogenesis. This paper summarizes recent studies on (Ⅰ) the reuction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) occur by a multiplicity of mechanisms depending on the nature of reducing agents including ascorbate, diol-and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell orgenells, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free radical-induced cellular damage, such as DNA stand breaks, hydroxylation of 2´-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor κB.

니켈의 독성과 발암성

박형숙,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Human exposure to highly nickel-polluted environments, such as those associated with nickel refining, electroplating, and welding, has the potential to produce a variety of pathologic effects. Among them are skin allergies, lung fibrosis, and cancer of the respiratory tract. The exact mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis are not known and have been the subject of numerous epidemiologic and experimental investigations. This review provides the evidence of the current state for the genotoxic and mutagenic activity of Ni(Ⅱ) particularly at high doses. Such doses are best delivered into the cells by phagocytosis of sparingly soluble nicikelcontaining dust particles. Ni(Ⅱ) genotoxicity may be aggravated through the generation of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species(ROS) and the inhibition of DNA repair by this metal. The epigenetic effects of nickel includes alteration in gene expression resulting from DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation, as well as activation some signaling pathways and subsequent transcrziption factors.

Styrene 및 Styrene-oxide가 송사리 알의 초기발생 과정에 미치는 독성 : Oryzias latipes

박형숙,안혜원 한국환경독성학회 2000 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Toxic lesions of styrene in the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were compared with those of styrene oxide, the active metabolite of styrene, using embryo-larval assays. The developmental stages of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with both chemicals were not altered and progressed normally. However, styrene oxide was more toxic than styrene in terms of causing death and lesions. High concentrations of styrene (higher than 4.9 ppm) and styrene oxide (higher than 2.4 ppm), resulting in more than 50% mortality, caused similar lesions of cardiovascular system, craniofacial bone formation and spinal deformities, although a number of lesions were not observed by both chemicals. In the group treated with styrene, eyeball sizes and intereye distances were reduced, while, in the group treated with styrene oxide, the eyes and eye cups were not developed and two eyes were sometimes fused. In addition, styrene oxide caused the lesion which involved the posterior brain and brain stem were herniated through the spinal cord. The noticeable difference of toxic symptoms between these two chemicals was the time of onset. Toxicities of cardiovascular system and craniofacial bone formation appeared on day 3 of development in styrene oxide treated group, but, styrene treated group stared to show hemorrhages on day 3 and the craniofacial malformation were appeared on day 5. These differences between two chemicals may be due to the metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide, the reactive intermediate.

요추척추궁 절제술 환자의 표준관리지침서 개발

박재정,박형숙 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management of patients who have received Lumbar Laminectomy because of low back Pain, arm and le9 numbness, and radiating pain in the leg. For this study a preliminary critical pathway was developed through a review of the literature including five critical pathways which are currently being used in the USA. In order to identify the overall service contents required by these Patients. 30 cases were analyzed. These cases were taken from medical records of those with Lumbar Laminectomy between January. 1998 and December, 1998 in the department of neurosurgery at the Pusan National University Hospital in Pusan. An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway, a clinical validity test was also done using 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy between October 1, 1999 and January 31, 2000. After these Processes, the final critical pathway was developed. The results are summarized as follows. 1.The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items: assessment, consultation, diet, test, medication treatment, activity, ducation/discharge planning. The horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge. Analysis of the 30 medical records was done. analysis of the service contents showed the horizontal axis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 12th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which should have occurred according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 2.As a result of the expert validity test, it was found that among the 233 items, 203 showed over 88% agreement and 30 of them showed less than 88% agreement. which were then revised or deleted from the critical pathway. At the preliminary meeting for the clinical validity test, the time of hospitalization on the horizontal axis was shortened to the 10th post operation day. A clinical validity test was done with 12 patients with Lumbar Laminectomy. All the cases progressed according to the critical pathway although some variances were noted in assessment, consultation, test, medication, and treatment. 3.Based on these results, a final critical pathway was determined. In conclusion, this critical pathway is partially applicable to the care of Patients with Lumbar faminectomy and needs further investigation.

산화성 크롬의 배양세포에서의 독성작용

박형숙 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The ROS-producing potency of chromium compounds of several oxidation states were determined in the H₄ cells. K₂Cr₂O_(7) as Cr (Ⅵ), synthetic Cr (Ⅴ) compounds and Cr (Ⅲ) as TPF' produced high level of ROS. However, ROS values of Cr-picolinate as Cr (Ⅲ), CrCI₂, CrCl₃ were almost equal to the control. The effects of physiological antioxidants compounds which react with free radicals were examined for their effects on chromate-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 cells after the addition of K₂Cr₂O_(7). The compounds used were vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (a-tocopherol), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The preincubation of ascorbate (200 uM) with A549 cells for 20 hr resulted in a significant reduction of hexavalent chromate(I00uM) induced ROS. However, there is no effects of preincubation of the cells with vitamin E succinate (10 and 20 uM, 20 hr) on the ROS production. Also, the effects of Cr (Ⅵ) on the cell cycle of A549 cells was measured by adding the DNA intercalating agent, propidium iodide. S phase of the cell cycle was increased by the chromium (Ⅵ) compounds up to 20 uM indicating toxicity or possible mitogenic action of the cell. The shoulder in Go/GI phase at 20 uM Cr (Ⅵ) with 24 hr treatment indicates apoptosis.

중학생의 외상응급처치 교육에 대한 효과

고경숙,박형숙,조균영 韓國學校保健學會 2009 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the effect of knowledge and competence of first aid treatment among middle school students after the education on the injury treatment. Methods : The study design was randomized pretest and post-test control group nonsynchronized design. Study subjects were 32 Srd-grade students of Y middle school in P city and 34 Srd-grade students of M middle school in P city in this research. Among two Srd-grade classes. one classes were randomly assigned to experimental group (32 students) and two were control group (34 students). The intervention for experimental group was providing five-time 45-minute injury treatment education. Results : 1. The First hypothesis : After intervention on the injury treatment education, knowledge of injury treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.480, p<.001). 2. The Second hypothesis After intervention on the injury treatment education, competence of injury treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t= -15.121, p<.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that the injury treatment education can facilitate knowledge of injury treatment, competence of injury treatment in the middle school student. Therefore, it is considered that the injury treatment education can be utilized as a effective way to implement the 7th nation curriculum.

부산 백세인 특성

김윤진,이정규,박형숙,김동희,손용진 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2008 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.23

Purpose: The proportion of centenarians has been increasing in many parts of the world, and the issues of longevity has been the subject of the research concern in recent years. We has conducted the first study with centenarians in Busan, 2006 and this is a follow-up study for prospective research of centenarians in Busan. Methods: The demographic database of Busan Centenarian Study existing in 2006 wasutilized for our studies. Twenty-five centenarians or a proxy were contacted and eight individuals agreed to have a direct interview using a questionnaire. Data were collected from May to June 2007. Results: Of the 2Scentenarians, 2(8%)were men and 23(92 %) were women. The average age was 101.3 years and the highest one was 106 years of age. The majority of the centenarians were living with family, most of those were living with their sons. Among 8 visited centenarians, there were 2 drinkers(2S%) but no one was smoking. Among them, 7 centenarians (87.5%) had regular eating pattern and, 3 centenarians(37.5%) participated social activities. Conclusions: The centenarian in Busan is likely to be healthy and they are living with their family. The centenarians study in Busan has important meaning to understand the health of centenarians.

관상동맥 스텐트 내 재협착의 발생에 미치는 임상적 관동맥 조영술적 요인들

윤혁준,김기식,박형섭,이영수,현대우,한성욱,허승호,김윤년,김권배,박남희,원경숙 대한순환기학회 2003 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.33 No.12

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.