김정일 사후 북한소설에 나타난 ‘통치와 안전’의 작동

오창은(Oh, Chang Eun) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2014 통일인문학 Vol.57 No.-

급격한 정치적 변화에 주목하면, 특정 공동체의 성격이 드러난다. 북한 사회는 2011년 12월 17일에 김정일 사망이라는 전환기적 사건을 겪었다. 김정일의 갑작스런 사망에 대한 기존의 북한문학 연구는 새로운 지도자인 김정은 시대의 도래에 초점을 맞춰졌다. 하지만, 이 연구는 북한 체제가 ‘통치와 안전’의 작동을 통해 ‘정상성’으로 나아가는 양상을 살핀다. 구체적으로는 김정일 사후 북한 소설이 ‘정치지도자의 사망’을 ‘기억과 재현의 정치’라는 측면에서 다루고 있다는 사실에 주목했다. 이를 통해 북한의 ‘통치와 안전’의 메커니즘을 분석했다. 김정일 사후 북한 소설에는 ‘불안과 안전’이 공존한다. 김하늘의 ?영원한 품?은 김정일에 대한 애도의 감정을 ‘불안과 안전’의 긴장을 통해 표현했다. 그러면서, 체제의 안전을 위해 인민의 애도 감정을 생산의 에너지로 전환해야 한다는 ‘통치성’이 발현되기에 인상적이다. 최종하의 「깊은 뿌리」와 김금옥의 「꽃향기」, 그리고 석남진의 「사진에 깃든 이야기」 등도 김정일에 대한 기억과 재현이라는 측면에서 주목할 만하다. 김정일 사후 북한소설은 ‘불안과 안전’을 병치시킴으로써, 혁명의 일상화를 기획하고 있다. 새로 등장한 김정은 체제도 단지 김일성과 김정일에 이은 유사 수령의 탄생이 아니라, 체제의 안전을 위한 인민통치의 안정화로 볼 수 있다. 북한소설에는 인민의 자발성에 기반한 헌신성을 강조하고, 혁명을 계승을 위한 인민의 자주성을 동원하는 양상을 띠고 있다. ‘선군정치’라는 상징적 성과를 전면화하면서도, 내부적으로 ‘경공업’과 ‘인민생활 향상’에 역량을 집중하고 있는 것도 비슷한 맥락에서 이해가 가능하다. 김정일이 ‘고난의 행군’으로 인해 피폐해진 인민경제를 복원하고, 김일성의 업적을 복원하는 것을 과제로 삼았다면, 김정은은 체제의 안전을 우선시하는 방향으로 통치성을 발현할 가능성이 높다. 김정은 체제는 수령의 압도적 카리스마에 기반한 통치이기보다는 국가의 운명에 자신을 동일시하는 광범위한 인민들의 자발성에 의해 작동하는 통치로 전망할 수 있다. 따라서, 김정은이라는 정치 지도자의 ‘자기통치’에 주목함으로써, 북한 체제의 ‘통치와 안전’의 지속 가능성을 주시할 필요가 있다. If we pay attention to a sudden political change, the characteristics of a particular community are revealed. With regard to the changes of the North Korean society, we need to take notice of the death of Kim Jeong Il occurred on December 17, 2011. It is interesting to note the actions of the North Korean system to cope with the sudden death of Kim Jeong Il. While the existing researches were conducted focusing on the arrival of a new leader, Kim Jeong Eun, this research examines the aspects of the North Korean system returning to ‘normality’ through the operation of ‘rule and security.’ In particular, this research examined the fact that North Korean novels after the death of Kim Jeong Il deal with ‘the death of a political leader’ from the aspect of ‘politics of memory and reproduction.’ Through this, the antagonistic relationship between the North Korean people’s self-mobilization aspect and the rule was analyzed. In the North Korean novels after the death of Kim Jeong Il, uneasy consciousness is revealed everywhere. Kim Ha Neul’s Eternal Bosom, which describes the mourning for Kim Jeong Il with a sense of uneasiness and at the same time as the energy to convert it into the security of the state, is impressive. Choi Jong Ha’s Deep Roots, Kim Keum Ok’s Fragrance of Flowers, and Seo Nam Jin’s Stories in the Photograph are all noteworthy from the aspect of memory and reproduction. North Korean novels after the death of Kim Jeong Il are planning to institutionalize revolution by juxtaposing mourning and daily life. The new Kim Jeong Eun system can be viewed as not just another similar leader subsequent to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jeong Il but as the stabilization of the rule of the people for the security of the present system. North Korean novels emphasize the voluntary dedication of the people and the mobilization of the people’s autonomy. Concentrating on ‘light industry’ and ‘improvement of life of the people’ internally while claiming to advocate the symbolic outcomes of ‘military first’ policy also can be understood in the similar context. While Kim Jeong Il restored the people’s economy impoverished by ‘March of Hardship’, Kim Jeong Eun is most likely to give priority to social security through the sovereignty of the state system. It is expected that Kim Jeong Eun’s rule will be the rule operated by the broad spontaneity of the people who identify themselves with the destiny of the nation, rather than the rule based on the leader’s overwhelming charisma. Accordingly, the sustainability of ‘rule and security’ of the North Korean system needs to be explored by paying attention to the ‘self-rule’ of the political leader, Kim Jeong Eun.

Modulation of Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activities of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases by Cold, Aba or High Salt Treatments in Arabidopsis

Oh, Jee-Eun,Hong, Suk-Whan,Lee, Yunsook,Koh, Eun-Ji,Kim, Kideok,Seo, Youngwon,Chung, Namhyun,Jeong, Moonsoo,Chang,Chang, Cheolseong,Lee, Byoungcheon,Kim, Kyoung Heon,Lee, Kwangwon,Lee, Hojoung 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

김정은 시대 북한 소설에 나타난 평양 공간 재현 양상 연구 -사회주의 평등과 사적 욕망의 갈등-

오창은 ( Oh Chang-eun ) 한민족문화학회 2020 한민족문화연구 Vol.71 No.-

북한사회에서 평양은 특별한 공간이다. 평양의 공간적 위상은 평양과 타지역 간의 격차, 평양 내에서의 공간 격차의 발생 등을 통해 알 수 있다. 평양의 재개발은 2012년 창전거리 건설부터 2017년 여명거리 건설까지 활발하게 이뤄지고 있다. 김정은 정권 출범 이후에 ‘과학중시, 인재중시’가 국가정책으로 제시되었다. 과학자·기술자·교육자를 위한 특별 공간인 은하과학자거리· 위성과학자 주택지구·미래과학자거리가 평양에 조성되었다. 특정 계층을 위한 공간의 위계화는 사회주의 이념이 지향하는 평등주의, 노동계급의 공간적 권리 보장과 충돌한다.논자는 김정은 시대에 발표된 평양 공간을 재현한 주목할 만한 소설세 편을 분석했다. 이를 통해 ‘평양’의 공간적 상징화가 북한 민중의 내면 세계에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 주홍건의 「우리 집 노래」(<청년문학> 2018.4)는 평양 미래과학자거리의 초고층살림집에 거주하는 신혼 부부의 일상을 그렸다. 이 소설의 주인공인 여교수는 내밀한 목소리를 통해 평양 시민의 공간 욕망과 사적 세계를 드러내고 있어 인상적이다. 김계숙은 「평양사람」(<청년문학> 2016.4)에서 젊은 세대의 감각적 언어로 ‘평양과 농촌’의 공간적 격차가 사회· 문화적 불평등을 생산하고 있음을 그려냈다. 이 소설은 평양에서 태어나고 자란 소설 속 인물이 아버지의 선택으로 인해 농촌의 오지 마을로 들어오면서 겪는 일들을 에피소드 형식으로 그려냈다. 북한의 젊은 세대에게 ‘평양과 평양 바깥’의 공간적 위계는 ‘평양 진출’을 향한 강한 욕망 생산으로 이어지고 있다. 한은희의 「김철녀인」(<조선문학> 2019.3.)은 2019년 북한문학계에서 높이 평가하는 작품이다. 이 소설은 평양에서 나고 자란 주인공이 남편을 따라 함경북도의 ‘김책제철련합기업소’에서 생활하면서 겪는 일들을 그린다. 소설 속 주인공은 ‘김철여인’이 됨으로써 진정한 ‘평양여인’ 되는 길을 선택한다. 이 소설은 평양을 상징적 공간으로 그림으로써, 북한민중들의 강렬한 평양공간에 대한 욕망이 우회적으로 해소되고 있음을 드러냈다는 점에서 의미가 있다.북한 문학작품 속에 평양은 사적 세계의 발현, 지역간 불균형, 평양의 상징 공간화 등으로 재현된다. 평양 공간의 문학적 재현 양상을 통해 공간적 불평등이 북한 사회의 문제로 부각되고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 북한 민중들은 평양을 향한 공간적 욕망을 숨기지 않으면서도, 평양 공간의 상징적 위상을 이데올로기적으로 수락하는 양상을 보인다. Pyongyang is a special space in North Korean society. The spatial status of Pyongyang can be seen through the gap between Pyongyang and other regions, and the occurrence of spatial gaps within Pyongyang. Redevelopment of Pyongyang is actively taking place from the construction of Changjeon Street in 2012 to the construction of Yeomyeong Street in 2017. After the inauguration of the Kim Jong-un regime, “science-oriented, talent-oriented” was proposed as a national policy. Eunha Scientist Street, Wiseong Scientist Housing District, and Mirae Scientist Street, special spaces for scientists, engineers, and educators, were created in Pyongyang. The hierarchicalization of space for a specific class collides with the egalitarianism of socialist ideology and the guarantee of spatial rights of the working class.We analyzed three notable novels recreating the space of Pyongyang published in the Kim Jong-un era. Thus, the impact of the spatial symbolization of “Pyongyang” on the inner world of the North Korean people was examined.Ju Hong-geon's 「Our Home Song」(< Youth Literature > April 2018) depicts the daily lives of newlyweds living in a skyscraper house in Pyongyang Mirae Scientist Street. The protagonist of this novel, the female professor, is impressive because she reveals her desires for space and the private world of Pyongyang citizens through her inner secret voice. In 「Pyongyang People」(< Youth Literature > April 2016), Kim Gye-suk portrayed that the spatial gap between “Pyongyang and rural areas” is creating social and cultural inequality in the sensuous language of the younger generation. This novel depicts the episodes of a character who was born and raised in Pyongyang, but who came to live in a remote village in a rural area due to his father's choice. For the younger generation of North Korea, the spatial hierarchy of “Pyongyang and outside Pyongyang” is leading to the creation of a strong desire for “entering Pyongyang”. 「Kim Steel Woman」(< Joseon Literature > March 2019) by Han Eun-hui is highly evaluated by the North Korean literature community in 2019.This novel describes the life of the protagonist who was born and raised in Pyeong, and who now lives in'Kim Chaek Iron and Steel Complex' in Hamgyeongbuk-do after accompanying her husband to the complex. The protagonist in the novel chooses to become a true “Pyongyang woman” by becoming a “Kim Steel Woman”. This novel is meaningful in that it reveals that the North Korean people's intense desire for the Pyongyang space is indirectly being resolved by depicting Pyongyang as a symbolic space.In North Korean literature, Pyongyang is reenacted through the emergence of the private world, the imbalance between regions, and the symbolic space of Pyongyang. Through the literary reenactment of the Pyongyang space, it can be confirmed that spatial inequality is emerging as a problem in North Korean society. The North Korean people seem to ideologically accept the symbolic status of the Pyongyang space, without hiding their spatial desire for Pyongyang.

손유희를 이용한 영어교수법이 유아의 영어 단어 재생에 미치는 효과

오은순(Oh Eun-Soon) 한국영어어문교육학회 2004 영어어문교육 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this article is to study the effect of finger play teaching method on the reproduction of children's English words. The hypotheses are as follows: 1) there will be the difference of the reproduction of children's English words between the experimental group(that is taught by finger play teaching method) and the controlled group (that is taught by only oral teaching method). 2) there will be the difference of children's retention capacity of reproducing English words between the experimental group and the controlled group. The researcher made the time series data. The measure tool was the check list for reproduction test of children's English words that was made by Eun-Soon Oh and J. Eden(2004). The researcher analyzed the data using the Repeated Measures ANOVA and the Analysis of Covariance. The findings of research are as follows: 1) the more the frequency of teaching increases, the more there are the difference of reproducing English words according to frequencies and groups. The reproduction capacity of the experimental group is better than that of the controlled group. A degree of statistical significance is p<.001. 2) The difference of retention capacity of reproducing English words between the experimental group and the controlled group is a statistical significant, p<.05. The experimental group is better than the controlled group.

Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Serum Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Phospholipids in Men

Oh,Eun-Joo,Kwon,Jong-Sook,Chang,Yu-Kyung 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.4

1970년대 서울 공간 경험과 근대적 주체의 구성

오창은(Oh, Chang-eun) 중앙어문학회 2013 語文論集 Vol.53 No.-

This thesis was written to grasp Seoul space in the 1970s through Jo Seon-jak’s full-length novel Miss Yang’s Adventure (1975) from the subjects’ compositional aspect.<br/> Miss Yang’s Adventure is the work in which Seoul city space in the 1970s is embodied with place names written accurately. Jo Seon-jak, the author of this work, was of the group of writers such as Choi In-ho, Song Yeong, Hwang Seok-yeong, Jo Hae-il, who were the most noteworthy writers in the 1970s. In this work, the events that heroine Yang Eun-ja underwent as she left her home town Chungnam NonSan and came up to Seoul. Simultaneously, the process, in which women subjects in the 1970s constituted capitalistic consuming subjects, was grasped. When desire is formed voluntarily, it contributes to the vitalization of capitalist microscopic power. The subjects actively connect desire with the image of modern capitalism and set the rise of status or affluent consumption as their own task. In a different sense, it also can be seen that the subjects are formed through the work of life power.<br/> This work juxtaposes city space experiences with the subject composition and shows well the fact that life power of cities works in the mechanism of exclusion and inclusion. In the core, there is the way in which the capitalistic exchange value is integrated. City women subordinate subjects entered into the inside of life power by accepting ‘commercialization of the body.’ Life power adopted a circulating system in which it made the city itself become a camp, produced survivors in the storm of modernization, and accommodated them in the camp. Through this, it created circumstances which made modern capitalism continue as exception status.<br/> Miss Yang’S Adventure well grasped the fact that modern capitalistic life power composed the subjects in the course of forming cities. The writer paid attention to ‘the particular’ with a realist attitude, and this kind of writer’s attitude played an important role in embodying ‘the effectiveness of power amid actually existing concrete events.’ This work shows that there is a possibility of resistance inside the inner workings by embodying the life power in Korea in the 1970s. Since subjects are composed by city space and at the same time the nature of city space also can be changed by subjects, the possibility of the subjects’ resistance still holds good.

The Computer Algebra Systems in Mathematics Education : A Review of Recent Research

Kwon, Oh-Nam,Shin, Eun-Ju,Shon, Bo-Kyung 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2001 East west education Vol.18 No.-

This study examines the potential role for Computer Algebra Systems(CAS) in such an educational context, particularly their potential to get students more engaged in the learning of mathematics as well as to reduce the "strangle hold" of prerequisite algebraic skills, in courses such as functions, introductory calculus. What is the present status of and near-future outlook for computer algebra in Korean secondary schools? The answer that arises from this review of available fact is: bright with promise, but still dim. Several recent developments have set the stage for an acceleration in the dissemination rate for CAS to high schools. However, this review of some past and present conditions indicates that many years will pass before computer algebra is impacting high school mathematics as much as hand-held calculators are doing now.

루이스 칸의 후기주택작품에서 ‘방’에 드러나는 거주의미 연구

오상은(Oh, Sang?Eun) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.33 No.10

The purpose of this study is to analyze on the meaning of dwelling in ‘Room’ of Louis I. Kahn’s Architecture. ‘Room’ is generated by a realization of the nature of space. Nature of all kinds of an institution is in human’s dwell. The characteristics of dwelling analyzed from the ‘Room’ sketch, printed 1971 and his words unfold the senses of dwelling, which is the authenticity of architecture. These features are also linked analyzed with Louis I. Kahn’s three house projects, Esherick House, Fisher House, and Korman House. The phenomenal way acts this study. ‘Room’s is generated showing three characteristics, which are relational relativeness by territory between room and society of rooms, twin phenomena of inside and outside, and availability expressing of one’s self.

노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램이 노인의 신경인지기능과 우울 증상에 미치는 효과

유계준,송정은,오병훈,안석균,이홍식,오희철,구은형,황혜숙,이은철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

노인에게 있어서 신경인지기능의 저하와 우울 증상은 가장 흔한 장애이며 신체적, 정신적인 면에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 이러한 장애중 비임상군에서 심리사회적 치료개입의 효과가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 지역사회에서 노인에게 제공되는 심리사회적 치료개입의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이전의 연구에서는 대상이 특정 집단이거나, 비교군이 없거나, 치료효과에 대한 추적 관찰이 이루어지지 않는 등의 제한점이 있었으며, 현재 국내의 노인 낮병원은 소수에 불과하고 이러한 낮병원의 치료효과에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역사회 정신보건센터에서 운영하는 노인 낮병원에 참가하는 노인들을 대상으로 낮병원의 심리사회적 프로그램이 노인들의 신경인지기능과 우울 증상에 미치는 효과와 이에 대한 유지 효과의 유무를 알아보고자 하였다. 경기도 광주군 정신보건센터의 노인 낮병원에 참여한 노인을 치료군으로, 치료를 거부하거나 치료 중 탈락한 노인을 비교군으로 하여 10주간의 낮병원 치료전후와 치료종결 후 10주에 신경인지기능은 한국형 간이 정신상태검사(이하 MMSE-K)로, 우울 증상은 단축형노인우울척도(이하 SGDS)로 평가하여 두 군을 비교하였고 치료군의 치료 직후와 치료종결 후 10주를 비교하였다. 연구결과 노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료가 시간에 따른 SGDS점수 변화에 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, MMSE-K점수 변화에는 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 10주 추시가 가능했던 치료군 중 약 43%가 10주 후 SGDS가 증가하여 호전되었던 우울증상의 악화를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램 개입은 노인에게 있어서 우울 증상을 호전시키며 신경인지 기능에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상당수에서 심리사회적 치료 개입으로 인한 우울 증상의 호전이 유지되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 노인우울증상의 치료에 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램이 효과적일 수 있음과 치료 후 이를 유지하기 위한 부가적인 치료개입의 필요성을 시사한다. Cognitive impairment and depression are the most common symptoms affecting the elderly on physical and mental states. Studies have shown that these symptoms in mild cases are improved by psychosocial intervention, emphasizing the importance of therapeutic intervention provided in the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the psychosocial program at a geriatric day care service has any therapeutic effect on the cognitive function and depressive symptoms in the elderly and whether such effect can be maintained. The experimental group was composed of 37 elderly patients attending the day care service at the mental health center located in Kwangju county, Kyonggi province. The control group was composed of 22 elderly patients who either refused intervention or who dropped out of the program. Cognitive function was assessed with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam(MMSE-K), and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS). The experimental group and the control group were compared on the score of on each test, which was administered before and after the program and 10 weeks after discontinuation of program. In the experimental group, the scores acquired immediately after the program and at 10 weeks of follow-up were also compared. The results showed that psychosocial intervention at a geriatric day care service was significantly associated with the change in SGDS scores dependent on time but not significantly associated with the change in MMSE-K scores. In the experimental group whose follow-up assessment was possible, it was further shown that 43% of patients had increased SGDS scores 10 weeks after the program ended, indicating that depressive symptoms had worsened. This study suggests that psychosocial therapeutic intervention in the geriatric day care service improve depressive symptoms but not cognitive functions in the elderly. In addition, for a considerable percentage of subjects in the experimental group, the improvements in depressive symptoms were not sustained after the intervention was withdrawn. These findings proposes a need of strengthening therapeutic intervention to maintain such effect.

Species and habitat-dependent accumulation and biomagnification of brominated flame retardants and PBDE metabolites

Choo, Gyojin,Lee, In-Seok,Oh, Jeong-Eun Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.371 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The occurrence, species- and habitat-dependent distribution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PBDE metabolites comprising 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 17 methoxylated (MeO-) BDEs, and 8 hydroxylated (OH-) BDEs were determined in marine environments (sediment and seawater) and 20 biota species in food web in the southern part of Korea. The concentration of HBCDs was statistically higher in both pelagic (5.73–60.1 ng/g lipid weight [lw]) and demersal fish (2.45–31.3 ng/g lw), whereas a higher level of OH-BDEs was observed in benthic invertebrates (2.48–40.7 ng/g lw), suggesting different composition of BFRs and PBDE metabolites between species. The concentrations of TBBPA and MeO-BDEs were significantly higher in pelagic fish (1.31–11.3, 6.15–61.5 ng/g lw) than in demersal fish (not detected [N.D.]–4.45, 0.956–8.52 ng/g lw) and benthic invertebrates (N.D.–8.11, 0.182–4.65 ng/g lw), reflecting a dependence on habitat. Additionally, analogue distribution of PBDEs in pelagic fish was similar to that in seawater, whereas the distribution in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates was similar to the distribution in sediment. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and trophic magnification factor (TMF) of α-HBCD, some of PBDEs, and 6-MeO-BDE47 were up to 5000 and 1, respectively, suggesting strong bioaccumulation and biomagnification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Different distributions of BFRs and PBDE metabolites were observed according to the species and habitat of biota. </LI> <LI> The level of HBCDs was higher in pelagic and demersal fish, whereas OH-BDE level was higher in benthic invertebrates. </LI> <LI> The concentrations of MeO-BDEs and TBBPA in pelagic fish were higher than those in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates. </LI> <LI> α-HBCD, some congeners of PBDEs (BDE49, 71, 100), and 6-MeO-BDE47 were strongly biomagnified and bioaccumulated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>