Impact of interleukin-21 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome: increased serum levels of interleukin-21 and its expression in the labial salivary glands

Kang, Kwi Young,Kim, Hyun-Ok,Kwok, Seung-Ki,Ju, Ji Hyeon,Park, Kyung-Su,Sun, Dong-Il,Jhun, Joo Yeon,Oh, Hye Jwa,Park, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Ho-Youn BioMed Central 2011 ARTHRITIS RESEARCH AND THERAPY Vol.13 No.5

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Interleukin (IL)-21 is a cytokine that controls the functional activity of effector T helper cells and the differentiation of Th17 cells, and promotes B-cell differentiation. To test whether IL-21 participates in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), serum IL-21 level was measured and IL-21 expression in the labial salivary glands (LSG) was examined.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Serum IL-21 levels in 40 primary SS, 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 38 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 20 healthy controls were measured. Serum IL-21 levels of SS patients were assessed for correlations with laboratory data, including anti-nuclear antibody, anti-Ro/La antibodies, globulin, immunoglobulin (Ig) class, and IgG subclass. LSGs from 16 primary SS and 4 controls with sicca symptoms were evaluated for IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) expression by immunohistochemistry. Confocal microscopy was performed to further characterize the IL-21 positive cells.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Primary SS patients had significantly higher serum IL-21 levels than controls, and these increments correlated positively with levels of IgG, IgG1. Serum IgG1 levels correlated with anti-Ro antibody titers. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that lymphocytic foci and the periductal area of the LSGs from SS patients expressed high levels of IL-21 and lower levels of IL-21R, whereas the control LSGs showed minimal expression of both antigens. The more the lymphocyte infiltrated, IL-21expression in LSGs showed a tendency to increase. Confocal microscopic analyses revealed that IL-21 expressing infiltrating lymphocytes in the LSGs of SS patients also expressed CXCR5.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Primary SS is associated with high serum IL-21 levels that correlate positively with serum IgG, especially IgG1, levels. The expression of IL-21 is increased as more lymphocytes infiltrated in LSGs. These observations suggest that IL-21 may play an important role in primary SS pathogenesis.</P>

류마티스 활막염에 있어 염증매개물질에 의한 Transforming Growth Factor-β-inducible Gene-h3 (βig-h3) 생산 조절 기전

강영모 ( Young Mo Kang ),김성일 ( Sung Il Kim ),김정섭 ( Jeong Seup Kim ),유동완 ( Dong Wan You ),사금희 ( Kheum Hee Sa ),박은주 ( Eun Ju Park ),김성욱 ( Sung Uk Kim ),서재석 ( Jae Seok Seo ),한승우 ( Seung Woo Han ),남언정 ( Eon 대한류마티스학회 2005 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objective: To investigate the expression pattern of transforming growth factor-β-inducible gene-h3 (βig-h3) within rheumatoid synovial tissue and the regulation of βig-h3 synthesis in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS). Methods: Synovial tissues obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were obtained during joint replacement surgery. βig-h3 expression was evaluated with immunohistochemical stain. FLS was isolated from synovial tissues and stimulated with cytokines including TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10. βig-h3 synthesis was measured using semiquantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence stain, and flow cytometry. Results: Expression of βig-h3 was diffuse and abundant in both lining and sublining layers of rheumatoid synovium, which was more prominent than those of osteoarthritis. Production of βig-h3 in FLS was regulated by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner and was highest at 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1. TNF-α and IL-1β upregulated the production of βig-h3 from FLS synergistically with TGF-β1 but other cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 did not affect. βig-h3 synthesis was efficiently inhibited by dexamethasone at higher dose (100 nM) but not by cyclosporine-A. Conclusion: Production of βig-h3, which is highly upregulated in rheumatoid synovitis, is differentially regulated by inflammatory cytokines.

Preliminary study on the effect of inflamed TMJ synovial fluid on the intracellular calcium concentration and differential expression of iNOS and COX-2 in human immortalized chondrocyte C28/I2

Eun-Ah Choi,Dong-Geun Lee,Chang-Hoon Chae,Young-Il Chang,Young-Ju Park,Young-Kyun Kim 대한구강악안면외과학회 2006 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that inflammatory synovial fluid from TMJ internal derangement initiates a transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in chondrocytes and the induced Ca2+ signaling affects iNOS/COX-2 gene expression patterns following exposure to inflamed synovial fluid. Materials and Methods. Two female adult patients with symptoms of TMD who agreed to participate in the study were selected for this study. Immortalized human juvenile costal chondrocyte C-28/I2 was grown to 80% confluency and synovial fluids from two patients were added respectively to culture media for 24 hours at the concentration of 100ng/10ml. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to examine changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression profile of IL-1α, iNOS, COX-2. Results. Increased [Ca2+]i was observed in chondrocytes subjected to inflamed synovial fluid compared to control cultures and in respective cultures exposed to inflamed synovial fluids from each patient, IL-1β, COX-2 mRNA were detected. However, in neither case iNOS mRNA was expressed. IL-1α, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA were expressed in control culture. Conclusion. Our results show that immortalized chondrocytes cultured with inflamed synovial fluids from patients diagnosed as disc displacement without reduction and limitation in mouth opening showed increased calcium concentration and expression of COX-2 while inhibiting the production of iNOS, which in turn could adversely affect the chondrocytes in at least short term by hindering physiologic role of NO against inflammatory cascades. These findings suggest that inflamed synovial fluid may differentially regulate the transcriptomes of relevant inflammatory mediators, especially iNOS/COX-2 axis in chondrocytes through adjusting calcium transients.

식육중 잔류항균물질 비교 조사 -서울지역 도축 소와 돼지를 중심으로-

변정옥 ( Jung Ok Byun ),강영일 ( Young Il Kang ),이달주 ( Dal Ju Lee ),황래홍 ( Lae Hong Hwang ),이양수 ( Yang Soo Lee ),이병동 ( Byung Dong Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2002 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

This study was carried out to compare the residual antibiotic materials in muscles of slaughter cattle and swine from slaughterhouses in Seoul from 2000 to 2001 by EEC-4-plate method, Charm Il and HPLC method. 1. Residual antibiotic materials were detected from 95 samples(0.8%) by EEC-4-plate and 57 samples(10.2%) by Charm Il. The final HPLC method determined the positives are 43(45.3%) and 27(47.3%) respectively. 2. The detection ratios were 45% by EEC-4-plate and 47% by Charm Il. 3. Seventy samples were classified as tetracyclines 56(75.7.4%), sulfonamides 10(14.9%), β-lactam 6(8.1%) chloramphenicol 1(1.4%). Three of them were confirmed to be positive simmultaneously for tetracyclines, sulfonamides and chloramphenicol. 4. The highest residual concentration of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 0.34, 11.29, 68.16, 0.13, 4.0, 0.12, 0.4 and 0.04ppm, respectively.

대장암에서의 nm23과 CD44 단백질 발현에 대한 면역조직학적 분석

신동일,이기형,윤충,이주희 대한대장항문학회 1997 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.13 No.1

Capsaicin과 Paradol이 구강내 유해자극에 의한 개구반사와 신경흥분 전달에 미치는 영향

최동주,신일영,김중수,이종흔 대한구강생물학회 1988 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.12 No.2

This study was performed to elucidate the analgesic mechanism of paradol and to compare effects of paradol with those of dihidrocapscaicin(DHC). Rabbits(2-2.5kg both sexes) were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium(30mg/kg I.V.), and cannulated in trachea and external jugular vein. To observe effects on jaw opening reflex, inferior alveolar nerve(IAN) of both sides were exposed for drug application, and wire electrodes were inserted in anterior belly of digastric muscle for recording of EMGs of anterior belly of digastric muscle(dEMG) and in oral mucosa covering mental foramen for applying noxious stimulation. dEMGs evoked by noxious stimulation with double intensity of threshold for digastric EMG were recorded in magnetic tape recorder. To observe effects on action potential, saphenous nerve were exposed, and three tissue pools were made from surrounding tissue. The most distal pool was used for applying stimulation, the most proximal one for recording of action potentials, and the other on for drug application. Action potentials evoked by 200 folds intensity of threshold for most sensitive fiber were recorded in magnetic tape recorder. One side of IAN and saphenous nerves were used for DHC or paradol applications, the other side of nerves for control experiments(only vehicle application). Vehicle consisted of 10% Tween 80, 10% ethanol and 80% physiological saline(v/v), and drugs were solubilized in vehicle for 1.5% concentration(w/v). dEMGs and action potentials were recorded before drug application, immediate after 30 minutes drug application, at 30 and 60 minutes after drug had been washed out. DHC application on IAN could not influence on dEMG, but paradol application decreased the amplitude of dEMG. In action potential experiments, DHC decreased amplitude and conduction velocity of only C fiber, while paradol did those of C-fiber and Aδ-fiber.

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

직장에 발생한 원발성 악성 흑색종 1예

이석주,김광일,김동호,김홍성,우상민,최덕례,정현용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

An extremely rare case of primary melanoma involving only rectum is reported. This 59 year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital because of hematochezia, difficulty of defection. Endoscopic examination and radical excision showed polypoid lesion with ulceration which measured 6x6x3cm in 2cm from the anal verge. Histopathologic, H&E stain and electron microscopic examination(EM) were performed from endoscopic biopsies and excisional mass. We are reporting a case primary rectal melanoma with brief review of literature.

혈우병 환자에 동반된 자발성 후복막강 출혈

김광일,김동호,우상민,이석주,김홍성,조인성,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to hemophilia A with impaired coagulopathy is very rare. Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage has been recorded as having originated from many retroperitoneal organs and blood vessels, and it may be due to local and/or systemic factors. In the majority of the patients, kidney and adrenal gland were the major site of hemorrhage. The systemic causes of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage are anticoagulation therapy and chronic hemodialysis. During the course of these treatments, hemorrhagic complications may occur at many site, including the retroperitoneal space. Blood dyscrasias including leukemia, polycythemia, sickle cell trait and hemophilia have been reported associated with spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage. We report a case of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage occurred in a gemophilia A patient with brief review of literature

미국 사-벤즈·옥슬리 법(Sarbanes-Oxley Actof 2002)상의 회계개혁입법

윤동은,전일주 진주산업대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.44 No.-

Amid a flurry of publicity and lobbying, the United State has enacted a sweeping new act, known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, intended to regulate practices perceived to have resulted in recent accounting and other corporate abuses, and therefore to restore investor confidence in the US securities markets. The new Act applies to all companies whose securities are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC) and which are required to file financial statements with the SEC. This includes many corporations not domiciled in the United States (so called foreign private issuers) whose securities trade publicly in the Unite Stated. The new Act establishes significant new disclosure regulations and will impose substantive rules of internal corporate governance including establishment of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in areas not previously regulated by US federal authorities. The Act also requires chief executive officers and chief financial officers of registered issuers to certify the completeness and accuracy of their company's financial statements with the Sec. In addition, The new Act provides for substantial new regulation of the conduct of audits and in issuer's relationship with its public accounting firm and creates new criminal offenses for false executive certifications, securities fraud, the obstruction of justice, and actions against whistle blowers. It substantially increases the penalties for existing US criminal offences such as mail fraud and wire fraud.