주차원단위 산정 모형 개발에 관한 연구 -광주광역시 공동 주택 아파트를 대상으로-

권성대,고동봉,박제진,하태준,Kwon, Sung-Dae,Ko, Dong-Bong,Park, Je-Jin,Ha, Tae-Jun 대한토목학회 2014 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.34 No.2

도시의 급격한 팽창과 함께 주택부족 현상이 나타나게 되자, 정부는 주택부족 문제 해결을 위해 대규모 택지개발을 통하여 주택보급을 확대시켰다. 이러한 현상으로, 공동주택은 우리나라 전체 주택의 83% 수준을 유지하고 있고, 그 중 아파트가 차지하는 비중은 50%로 꾸준한 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 아파트의 경우 입주민들의 승용차 보유 증가에 따른 아파트 단지 내 주차공간 부족문제 등 제반 주차 관련 문제가 발생하고 있다. 특히, 주차계획대수 수립 시 교통영향평가의 주차수요예측 중 전용면적을 고려한 주차원단위 산정 방법은 기존 계획보다 세대수는 증가하여도 전용면적이 작아지면 계획주차대수는 감소하는 것으로 나타나, 보다 현실적인 주차원단위 산정이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 공공주택 아파트를 대상으로 현실에 적합한 주차원단위를 산정하고자 한다. 현장조사 및 설문조사를 실시하고, 구득자료에 대한 분석을 수행함으로써, 기존 교통영향평가의 주차원단위 산정 문제점을 도출하였다. 또한, 주차수요예측에 영향을 미치는 요인 선정을 통해 주차원단위 산정모형을 개발하였다. 마지막으로 실제 조사된 아파트 주차원단위 자료를 통해 기존 교통영향평가의 주차원단위 산정과 본 연구에서 제시한 주차원단위 산정모형을 비교 분석하였다. 향후 본 연구에서 개발된 주차원단위 산정모형은 주차장법 기준 정립은 물론 보다 현실적인 주차수요예측 수행에 적극 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The rapid expansion of cities led to the shortage of housing in urban areas. The government compensated for this shortage through large scale residential developments that increased the housing supply. The supply of condominium apartments remains above 83% of the entire housing supply, and the proportion of apartments are at a steady increase, at about 50%. Due to the increase, illegally parked cars resulting from the shortage of parking spaces within the apartment complex have become increasingly problematic as they block the transit of emergency vehicles, and heighten the tension among neighboring residents in obtaining a parking space. Especially, the future residents are considered to plan the parking based on the estimated demand for parking. However, the parking unit method utilized to estimate the parking demand accounts for the exclusive use of space, which is believed to be far from the parking demands in reality. The reason for this discrepancy is that, as the number of households decrease, and area of exclusive space is expanded, the planned parking increases. On the other hand, when the number of households increase, and the area of exclusive space is reduced, the planned parking decreases, thus methods to recalculate the parking units based on estimated parking demand is an urgent concern. To estimate the parking units based on condominium apartments, this study first examined the existing research literature, and appointed the field of investigation to collect the necessary data. In addition, field study data and surveys collected and analyzed, in order to identify the problems underlying parking units, and problems regarding the current traffic impact assessment parking unit calculation method were deduced. Through identifying the influential factors on parking demand estimates, and performing a factorial analysis based on the collected data, the variables were selected in relation to the parking demand estimates, to develop the parking unit estimate model. Finally, through comparing and verifying the existing traffic impact assessment parking unit estimate against the newly developed model using collected data, a far more realistic parking unite estimate was suggested, reflecting the characteristics of the residents. The parking unit estimate model developed in this study is anticipated to serve as the guidelines for future parking lot legislature, as wel as the basis to provide a more realistic estimate of parking demands based on the resident characteristics of an apartment complex.

NSIP와 BOOP의 고해상전산화단층촬영 소견과 비교

백상현,박재성,차장규,홍현숙,김대호,박성진,조준희,이혜경,최진수 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.2

Purpose: BOOP and NSIP also share similar clinical features such as subacute flu-like illness, the finding of bronchoalveolar lavage, the result of pulmonary function test and more favourable outcome than usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP). The author try to compare the HRCT findings of NSIP with BOOP by pattern and distribution of diseases. Materials and Methods: HRCT findings of histopathologically proven NSIP(Group Ⅰ; 6, Group Ⅱ; 7, Group Ⅲ; 2) in 15 patients(5 male, 10 female, age range, 39-69 years; mean age, 53 years), BOOP in 15 patients(6 male, 9 female, age range, 26-76 years; mean age, 52 years) were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The common pattern of the two diseases was admixed consolidation, ground glass attenuation & reticular densities with/without architectural distortion(NSIP; 53.3%, BOOP; 46.7%). The main component of the pattern wan predominantly consolidation(NSIP; 46.7%, BOOP; 73.3%) and ground glass attenuation(NSIP; 40.0%, BOOP;20.0%). Architectural distotion was more provinent finding with NSIP(mild ; 3, moderate ; 4, severe; 2) compared with BOOP(mild; 7, moderate; 2, severe; 0). The predominant overall distribution was lower lung, peribronchovascular & peripheral lung field in both of the two entities(NSIP;73.3%, BOOP; 73.3%). Peribronchovascular involvement was more common with NSIP(100%) than BOOP(80%), whereas peripheral involvement was more common with BOOP(93.3%) than NSIP(80%). Conclusion: The HRCT findings of NSIP and BOOP were similar in pattern and distribution. But NIP manifested more frequently ground-glass attenuation, whereas BOOP showed more frequently consolidation. Architectural distortion was more severe with NSIP than BOOP. NSIP invoved more frequently peribronchovascular space and BOOP were more common in peripheral lung field.

프랭크 게리의 디지털 디자인 프로세스에 관한 연구

박정대,김진균 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.10

The purpose of this paper investigates one of the digitally adapted design methodologies in architecture. Reverse Engineering(RE)-based digital design process as surface representation process to construct a complex free-from shape and explore for new architecture. The paper takes as its objective of inquiry a specific set of building intentions, and associated computational strategies, playing a fundamental role in Gerhy's projects the design, engineering and fabrication of surface forms. The digital design process in Frank O Gehry's architecture has typical features that new geometry, structural skin, not mass production but mass customization, new role-model of architect as master builder and cultural transition to collaborative partnerships.

크리깅 기법을 이용한 마이크로 믹서의 최적 설계

박재용,김상락,이원구,유진식,김용대,한석영,맹주성 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

An active micro-mixer, which was composed of an oscillating micro-stirrer in the microchannel to provide rapid, effective mixing at high flow rates was analyzed. The effects of molecular diffusion and disturbance by the stirrer were considered with regard to two types of mixer models: the simple straight microchannel and microchannel with an oscillating stirrer. Two types of mixer models were studied by analyzing mixing behaviors such as their interactionafter the stirrer. The mixing was calculated by Lattice Boltzmann methods using the D2Q9 model. In this study, the time-averaged mixing index formula was used to estimate the mixing performance of time-dependent flow. The mixing indices of the two models were compared. From the results, it was found that the mixer with an oscillating stirrer was much more enhanced and stabilized. Therefore, an optimum design for a dynamic micro-mixer with an oscillating stirrer was performed using Kriging method in order to obtain a optimum solution. The design parameters were established as the frequency, the length and the angle of the stirrer, and the optimal values were determined to be 2.0932, 0.8D and ± 75°, respectively. It was found that the mixing index of the optimal design increased by 88.47% compared with that of the original design.

상악골 관골돌기를 포함한 구강내 관골성형술

박재현,김진환,최준,윤인대,김영환 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.5

The malar bones are major determinants of mid-facial shape. In an oriental population, malar prominences are considered an unpleasing and undesirable feature because they give the face a triangular shape and may produce an emaciated and sunken appearance. There are two main operative approaches to malarplasty. One is a coronal approach and the other is a intraoral approach. The former possess advantages of symmetricity, accuracy and superiorly, medially and posteriorly aesthetical transposition of the malar bone. However, it has drawbacks such as a long visible scar on the scalp and extensive operation. Though the latter is a simple method avoiding a visible scar, it has some problems of asymmetricity, cheekdrooping, partial transposition of the malar complex and difficulty of aesthetic transposition. The authors intended to perform intraoral malarplasty for symmetrically aesthetic transposition of the whole malar bone without cheekdrooping. From February 1996 to January 1999, 9 female patients with prominent malar complex, in whom the coronal incision was objectionable, had intraoral malarplasty performed with 2-point fixation after L-shaped osteotomy involving the zygomatic process of maxilla, resulting in symmetric and aesthetically desirable three dimensional transposition of the malar bone.

결핵성 육아종에서 Thioredoxin peroxidase-2 의 발현

박근호,유형륜,정영진,윤기중,한원철,유대열,문형배 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.2

Background: Thioredoxin peroxidase(TPX) is a kind of recently discovered antioxidant enzyme which react as rapid hydrogen ion donor for the removal of hydroperoxide. The action and distribution of the TPX was poorly understood in the human diseases. This experiments were designed for the study about the distribution of the TPX in the chronic granulomatous inflammation and about the correlation between the expression of TPX and the site of inflammation, histological activities of tuberculous inflammation or existence of mycobacterium in the inflammatory foci. Methods: The immunohistochemical stains were performed for the localization of the TPX-2 in the epithelioid cells, giant cells and lymphocytes in the chronic granulomatous inflammation. The tissue sections were obtained from the paraffin blocks of the 54 cases of tuberculosis (lung 21 cases, lymph node 12 cases, bone and soft tissue 12 cases, kidney 9 cases; active 33 cases, inactive 21 cases by the histologic classification; presence of mycobacterium 15 cases, no mycobacterium 39 cases by PCR reaction). Results: The expression of TPX-2 was 16.7% in the giant cells, 27.8% in the epithelioid cells and 100% in the lymphocytes of tuberculous inflammations. The expression of TPX-2 in the giant cells and epithelioid cells of the tuberculosis were 28.6% and 57.1% of the pulmonary tuberculosis; 33.3% in each cells of the renal tuberculosis; 0% in each cells of the lymph node or bone and soft tissue tuberculosis. The expression of TPX-2 in the giant cells and epithelioid cells were 9.1% in each cells of the active tuberculosis and were 28.6% and 57.1% in each cells of the inactive tuberculosis by histologic classification. The expression of TPX-2 in the giant cells and epithelioid cells was 40% in each cells of tuberculosis which mycobacteria were detected and the expression of TPX-2 was 7.7% and 23.1% in each cells which mycobacteria were not detected by PCR reaction in the paraffin embedded tissue. Conclusions: The above results were summarized that the TPX-2 in the giant cells and epithelioid cells were more frequently expressed in the inactive tuberculosis than in the active tuberculosis. These results suggest that the TPX-2 is a kind of regulating or suppressing factors in the activity of the tuberculosis.

濟州道 食品 수요豫測을 위한 調査硏究

朴吉淳,宋大鎭 제주대학교 1974 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

In this survey we tried to find out how habit, income, and the price of foodstuffs affected the eating habits of the people in Je Ju Do so that the most economical and efficient plan of foodstuffs distribution could be carried out. The results are as follows : 1) The rate of consumption of several foodstuffs (banana, dried persimon, canned fish, canned meat etc. ) decreased markedly when their price doubled. But the rate of consumption of other foodstuffs (soy sauce, bean paste, hot bean paste etc. ) only decreased slightly when their price doubled. 2) when we asked what foodstuffs the people would eat if their food budget was increased 50%, the highest percentage responded that they would eat more rice cakes. Others mentioned rice, barley, wheat flaur, broad, apple, mandarin oranges, pears, eggs, milk, etc. But the increase of these foodstuffs was only slight. The consumption of wine was reduced. 3) The frequency of consumption for some foodstuffs was small while for others it was large.

배기 가스 정화용 금속 담체의 브레이징시 제조 변수의 영향

朴大鎭,金容奭 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The effects of brazing temperature and time, and the thickness of filler metal on the joint microstructure of metallic catalytic convertor were investigated. Especially, the formation of brittle eutectic structure was examined. In general, it was found that processing conditions which promote the diffusion of Si in the filler metal reduce the formation of the eutectic structure. The condition includes the higher bonding temperature, longer brazing time, thinner filler metal. The higher bonding temperature and longer brazing time, however, led to extensive dissolution and degradation of the catalytic material. Thus, it was found that the brazing conditions using thinner filler metal at moderate brazing temperature and time are most effective in preventing the formation of the brittle eutectic structure in the brazed joint of the catalytic convertor.

ARIA 블록 암호의 소형화 구조

박진섭,김용대,유영갑 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2005 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.13 No.2

본 논문에서는 128 비트 ARIA 암호 알고리듬을 소형화시킨 32 비트 하드웨어 구조를 제안하고 있다. 최근 휴대폰을 이용한 금융결제나, 노트북에서 무선 인터넷을 이용한 VPN 접속과 같이 휴대형 장치에서도 보안 서비스가 이루어지고 있다. 휴대형 장치는 제한된 크기와 전력에서 동작하기 때문에 보안서비스를 추가하기위해서는 저전력, 소형화 설계가 요구된다. 본 논문의 ARIA 하드웨어 구조는 이러한 제한된 환경에 적용 가능한 저전력, 소형 구조이다. 제안된 ARIA는 32 비트 구조이다. 소형화를 위해서 4개의 S-box와 32비트 확산 함수를 구현하였다. 또한 복호화할 때 라운드 키 생성에 필요한 확산 함수의 사용하지 않도록 데이터 패스를 수정하였다. 본 논문의 32비트 ARIA는 초기값 생성을 위해 53 클록 사이클이 필요하다. 암/복호화에는 236 클럭 사이클이 요구된다. 32비트 ARIA는 0.35 ㎛ CMOS 공정으로 13,960.5 EG로 구성되었다. This paper presents a 32bit hardware architecture for the ARIA cryptographic algorithm. Recently security service has extended on portable devices such as cellular phones and VPN with wireless Internet at laptops. The mobile units have a limited power with small size demanding a low-power and compact design. The hardware design in this paper is a low-power and compact version of ARIA for the limited mobile environment. The proposed ARIA is based on 32-bit architecture.

수종의 광중합기에 의한 복합레진 중합시 미세누출에 관한 연구

박성진,이광희,,김대업 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

현재 광중합 복합레진은 치아의 수복을 위하여 많이 사용되며 복합레진이 많이 사용되는 만큼 광중합을 위한 광중합기도 다양하게 사용된다. 하지만 광중합기에 따른 복합레진의 미세누출은 아직 연구대상이다. 본 연구의 목적은 광중합기에 따라 발생하는 미세누출에 대한 평가를 하는 것으로 최근에 개발된 광중합기의 중합능력을 전통적인 할로겐 광중합기와 비교하는 것이다. 전통적으로 사용되어지던 저출력 할로겐 광중합기(Optilux 360), 일반 플라즈마 아크 광중합기(Flipo), 저발열 플라즈마아크 광중합기(Aurys), 고출력 LED 광중합기(Freelight 2)를 사용하였다. 건전한 유구치에 와동을 형성한 후 복합레진(Z100)을 동일한 레진 접착제(Scotchbond Multi-purpose)를 사용하여 충전한 후 각 광중합기를 이용하여 복합레진을 중합시켰다. 광중합기의 광조사 시간은 제조사에서 복합레진의 광중합을 위해 권장하는 시간으로 Optilux 360은 40초, Flipo는 5초, Aurys는 9초, Freelight 2는 20초간 조사하였다. Optilux 360만 광강도의 변화가 없는 광조사 방식이며 그 외 광중합기들은 광강도가 광조사 중에 증가되는 soft-start 광조사 방식이다. 각 시편을 증류수에 24시간 보관 후 열순환을 1000회 시행한 후 2% methylene blue 용액으로 색소침투를 시켰으며 각 시편을 절단하여 색소침투 정도를 점수화시켜 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 미세누출을 각 점수화하였을 때 Aurys가 평균 0.95로 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 Freelight 2(1.05),Flipo(1.25), Optilux 360(1.30)의 순이었다. 하지만 각 중합기군 간의 값에서는 통계학적인 유의성은 관찰되지 않았다.(P>0.05). This study was to evaluate the effects of several light curing units on the microleakage of composite resin restorations in primary teeth. The types of curing units were traditional low intensity halogen light(Optilux 360), plasma arc light(Filpo), low heat plasma arc light(Aurys) and high intensity LED(Freelight 2). After preparing cavities on sound primaty teeth. cavities were filled with composite resin(Z100) using the same resin bond agent(Scotchbond MultiPurpose) and were cured with each curing light system. After storing each specimen in sterile water for 24 hours, thermal circulation was done 1,000 times followed by pigmentation using 2% methylene blue solution. Each specimen was sliced and the degree of Aurys was 0.95 which was the lowest and Freelight 2(1.05), Filpo(1.25), Optilux360(1.30) followed. But values were not shown statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The results suggest that the newly developed curing units which has advantage in children by decreasing discomfort and procedure time can increase the microleakage of the composite resin.