Organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction

Won, D. I.,Lee, J. S.,Cheong, H. Y.,Cho, M.,Jung, W. J.,Son, H. J.,Pac, C.,Kang, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Faraday discussions Vol.198 No.-

<P>Efficient hybrid photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction were developed from dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles and their catalytic performance was optimized by ternary organic/inorganic components. Thus, the hybrid system consists of (E)-2-cyano-3-(5'(5 ''-(p-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2 ''-yl)thiophen-2'-yl)-acrylic acid as a sensitizer and fac-[Re(4,4'-bis(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine)(CO)(3)Cl] as a reduction catalyst (ReP), both of which have been fixed onto TiO2 semiconductors (s-TiO2, h-TiO2, d-TiO2). Mott-Schottky analysis on flat-band potential (E-fb) of TiO2 mesoporous films has verified that Efb can be finely modulated by volume variation of water (0 to 20 vol%). The increase of added water resulted in substantial positive shifts of Efb from -1.93 V at 0 vol% H2O, to -1.74 V (3 vol% H2O), to -1.56 V (10 vol% H2O), and to -1.47 V (20 vol% H2O). As a result, with addition of 3-10 vol% water in the photocatalytic reaction, conversion efficiency of CO2 to CO increased significantly reaching a TON value of similar to 350 for 30 h. Catalytic activity enhancement is mainly attributed to (1) the optimum alignment of Efb by 3-10 vol% water with respect to the E-ox* of the dye and E-red of ReP for smooth electron transfer from photo-excited dye to ReP via the TiO2 semiconductor and (2) the water-induced acceleration of chemical processes on the fixed ReP. In addition, the energy level was further tuned by variation of the dye and ReP amounts. We also found that the intrinsic properties of TiO2 sources (morphology, size, agglomeration) exert a great influence on the overall photocatalytic activity of this hybrid system. Implications of the present observations and reaction mechanisms are discussed in detail.</P>

학령전기 아동 부모의 성지식, 성교육 인식 및 현황, 성교육 요구도에 관한 연구

김다연,김민지,김유정,방예림,손윤희,윤지현,조아람,조은미,최지현,Jubilie Hta 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual knowledge, and sex education perception and current status of the parents of preschoolers. The objective was to analyze the relationship between sexual knowledge and sex education demands of parents. Method: The method used in this study was a descriptive correlationstudy. The subjects were 278 parents of 3-to-6 year old children in 5 kindergartens located in Seoul. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation using the SPSS 20.0 program. Result: The results of this study were the following: 1.There was no significantdifference in the sexual knowledge between the father and mother of preschoolers (Father 20.76, Mother 20.73). According to the findings, sexual knowledge was higher when both father and mother were older (P=.005). Similarly, when the economic level of the father and mother was high, sexual knowledge was also high (P=.030). 2.Concerning sexual education perception, it was found out that both father and mother thought that sex education was necessary. 3.In terms of sex education, a significant difference was noted. Mothers conducted sex education more often than fathers (Fathers, 46.7% Mother, 60.3%). Both the father and mother thought that providing sex education would be best in Grades 1-2, especially for ages 6-7. 4.When asked about the demands for sex education in terms of the physical, social, and living aspects, living aspect was the highest demand. It was revealed that both fathers and mothers were aware of the need for sex education, and when parents hadmore sexual knowledge, they would demand more sex education. Accordingly, there was a correlation between parent’s sexual knowledge and demand for sex education (r=.202, p=.001). Conclusion: Since the age,knowledge, education and economic levels of parents were different, it was necessary to develop sexeducation programs in accordance with their levels. In this way, preschooler parents would be able to teach sex education appropriate to their children’s level.

Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Korean Anthracite

Shun, D 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.34 No.3

정전기력 방식의 Drop-on Demand 토출을 위한 MEMS 잉크젯헤드 제작

孫尙郁(S. U. Son),金永珉(Y. M. Kim),崔在鎔(J. Y. Choi),李錫漢(S. H. Lee),高漢瑞(H. S. Ko),金容載(Y. J. Kim),邊渡泳(D. Y. Byun) 대한전기학회 2007 전기학회논문지 Vol.56 No.8

This paper presents a novel electrostatic drop-an-demand ejector with a conductive pole inside nozzle. The MEMS fabricated pole-type nozzle shows a significant improvement in the performance and reliability of forming meniscus and generating a micro dripping mode of droplet out of the meniscus. It is verified experimentally that the use of the pole-type nozzle. The liquid is used D2O+SDS+SWNT (5 %wt). The gap between upper electrode and nozzle is about 600 ㎛. Electrostatic drop-on-demand ejection is observed when a DC voltage of 1.5 ㎸ is applied between the control electrode and ground electrode. Droplet diameter is 100 ㎛.

중년여성의 자기효능감과 우울과 건강증진행위의 관계

권서진,김덕운,박소라,박혜영,신소영,심재영,손지희,이수연,정다회,홍지혜 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2010 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.44

The purpose of this study was to investigate health promotion behaviors and its influencing factors, self-efficacy and depression among middle-aged women. Data on 204 women between the ages of 45 and 59 were collected from June 8th, 2009 to July 10th, 2009. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaption. Health promotion Lifestyle Profile which was developed by Park(1995), Kim(1996), Jung(1996), revised by Choi(2004) was used. It consisted of 6 sub-categories likewise self actualization, exercise and stress management, hygine, rest, nutrition and health responsibility. Self-efficacy which was developed by Becker, Stuifbergen & Hall(1993), The Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale revised by Choi(2004) was used. Depression which was developed by Radloff(1977), revised by Jun(1992) CES-D scale(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows to t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. The results of this study are as follows: 1.The ones who thought they were healthy had a statically higher score than those who thought they were unhealthy in a health promoting behavior score(p=.004). 2.The ones who had higher monthly income had a statically higher score than those who had lower monthly income in a self-efficacy score(p=.019). 3.The score of depression was statically high when the ones had lower education level, lower monthly income or lower health level estimated by themselves(p=.002). 4.There was a weak correlation between health promoting behavior and depression(r=-.320, p=.000), and between depression and self-efficacy(r=-.313, p=.000). There was a strong correlation between self-efficacy and health promoting behavior(r=.766, p=.000). In conclusion, the results of this study show that the degree of self-efficacy and depression effects health promotion behavior, and suggest that self-efficacy and depression should be considered significantly to develop efficient health promoting programs.

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in the Korean food basket and estimation of dietary exposure

Barghi, M.,Shin, E.s.,Son, M.H.,Choi, S.D.,Pyo, H.,Chang, Y.S. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers 2016 Environmental pollution Vol.213 No.-

1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant that is used worldwide in expanded and extruded polystyrene foam and simultaneously emitted to the environment. HBCD can easily accumulate in animals and humans and cause neurotoxicity, thyroid hormone disruption, and reproductive disorders. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the HBCD concentrations in foods and estimate the human exposure through the diet. In this study a total of 521 food samples from eight food categories were sampled and analyzed for their HBCD content. Based on consumption data, the average dietary intake of the general Korean population and specific subgroups was calculated. The highest levels of HBCD were found in fish and shellfish (0.47 ng g<SUP>-1</SUP> ww), and this was attributed to natural exposure to the contaminated marine environments and the HBCD bioaccumulation. In addition, the use of expanded polystyrene buoys in aquaculture was also found to be a potential source of HBCD in bivalves. The high solubility of α-HBCD in water and the persistence of this diastereomer compared to β- and γ-HBCD in biological tissues, led to higher accumulation of α-HBCD in animal-based foods. In contrast, the diastereomeric selectivity and lower metabolic capacity in plants compared with animals led to the predominance of γ-HBCD in plant-based foods. The dietary intake of HBCD was estimated to be 0.82 ng kg<SUP>-1</SUP> bw d<SUP>-1</SUP> in the general population and 2.89 ng kg<SUP>-1</SUP> bw d<SUP>-1</SUP> in children up to 5 years of age. The high HBCD intake in children was found to be a result of their lower body weight and their high consumption of milk and homemade Korean baby foods that usually contain fish.

방사선 중합에 의한 폴리프로필렌 부직포-아크릴산 공중합체의 합성과 금속 흡착 특성에 관한 연구

손원근,신경섭,황대성,황택성,황의환 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.2

The PP-g-AAc copolymers were synthesized by the irradiation grafting reaction of acrylic acid onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics. The physicochemical properties of PP-g-AAc copolymers, such as structure, thermal stability and morphology were investigated by using FT-IR, TGA and SEM analyzer. It was observed that the degree of grafting increased linearly with the increase of acrylic acid monomer concentration. After the adsorption of metal ions in PP-g-AAc copolymers, their morphology seemed like small brain, lump and sponge.

홍삼 내공검출을 위한 X-선 영상처리기술 (Ⅱ) : 내공검출결과 Results of inner hole detection

손재룡,최규홍,이강진,최동수,김기영 한국농업기계학회 2003 바이오시스템공학 Vol.28 No.1

Red ginsengs are inspected manually by examining those in the dark room with back light illumination. Manual inspection is often influenced by physical condition of inspectors. Sometimes, the best grade, heaven, has some inner holes though it was inspected by a specialist. In order to resolve this problem, this study was performed to develop image processing algorithm to detect the inner holes in the x-ray image of ginseng. Because of little gray vlaue difference between background and ginseng in the image, simple thresholding method was not appropriate. Modified watershed algorithm was used to diffrtrntiate the inner from background and normal ginseng body. Inner hole edge region detected by watershed algoruthm consists of many number of blobs including normal portions. With line profile analysis with scanning one line at a time beginning the starting point. it showed two peaks both ends representing extracting each blobs. in which setting threshold value as of lower peak value enabled us to obtain inner hole image. Once this procedure has to be done till the finishing point it is completing inner hole detection for one blob. Thus, conducting all blobs by this procedure is completing inner detection of one whole ginseng. Detection results of the inner holes for various size of red ginsengs were good even though there was small detection variation. 6.2% according to position of x-ray tube.

홍삼 내공검출을 위한 X-선 영상처리기술(Ⅰ) : 내공검출에 적합한 전처리기법 Preprocessing technique for inner hole detection

손재룡,최규홍,이강진,최동수,김기영 한국농업기계학회 2002 바이오시스템공학 Vol.27 No.4

Retinoic Acid 의 농도와 돼지 갑상선 세포의 기능에 관한 In vitro 연구

손용석,이성호,김기동,고광석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.2

The effect of retinoic acid (RA) on iodide metabolism in the thyroid was studied in an in vitro culture model. Porcine thyroid follicular cells were incubated with Coon's modified Ham's F-12 medium with or without RA (10^(-8)-10^(-5)M) for 48 hours, and cell proliferation, iodide uptake, iodide organification and intracellular cAMP concentration were determined. RA did not influence the proliferation of thyroid cells. However, marked inhibition of the iodide uptake was observed when incubated with 10^(-8), 10^(-7), 10^(-6) and 10^(-5) M RA as compared with control (p $lt; 0.05). Iodide organification reflecting thyroid hormone synthesis was also inhibited by addition of RA (p $lt; 0.05). Pretreatment of thyroid cells with RA caused a significant inhibition of TSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation (p $lt; 0.05) in the cells. The results obtained indicated that RA inhibited iodine metabolism by reducing TSH-stimulated cAMP response and also by acting on the metabolism steps subsequent to cAMP production in thyroid cells.