신생아 집중치료를 받은 극소저출생체중아 치료성적의 시기에 따른 변화

김성신,김문희,심재원,고선영,이은경,장윤실,강이석,박원순,이문향,이상일,이흥재,Kim, Shung Shin,Kim, Moon Hee,Shin, Jae Won,Ko, Sun Young,Lee, Eun Kyung,Chang, Yun Sil,Kang, I Seok,Park, Won Soon,Lee, Mun Hyang,Lee, Sang Il,Lee, Heung J 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.7

목 적: 출생 체중 1,500 그램 미만의 극소저출생체중아(very low birth weight infant, VLBWI)의 치료성적은 신생아 집중치료술 향상여부를 모니터 하는 주요한 지표로 이용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 개원이래 최근 7년간 삼성서울병원 신생아 중환자실의 VLBWI 치료성적의 변화양상을 기간별로 관찰 분석하였다. 방 법: 1994년 10월부터 2000년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 신생아 중환자실로 생후 3일 이내 입원한 VLBWI 374명을 대상으로 기간을 나누어(I기 : 이미 성적이 보고된 1994. 10-1996. 9, II기 : 1996. 10-1998. 12, III기 : 1999. 1-2000. 12) 각 기별, 출생체중별, 재태기간별, VLBWI의 발생빈도와 생존율, 유병률 및 생존기간 등에 관해 의무기록지를 통한 후향적조사를 실시하였다. 생존율은(생존아/총출생 VLBWI)${\times}100$으 로 산출하였고 생존아는 신생아 중환자실에서 생존하여 퇴원한 경우로 정의하였다. 결 과 : VLBWI의 발생빈도는 기간별로 차이가 없었고(I기 : 1.3%, II기 : 1.5%, III기 : 1.4%), 생존율은 III기에 의미 있게 향상되었다. 출생체중별 생존율에서 III기에서 750 gm 미만군(vs II기)과, 1,250-1,499 gm 군(vs I기)의 향상이, 1,000-1,249 gm 군에서는 II기(vs I기)의 향상이 의미 있었고 최저출생 생존아는 I기 624 gm($26^{+5}$주), II기 667 gm($25^{+6}$주), III기 480 gm($26^{+2}$주)였다. 재태기간별 생존율에서 III기의 25-26주군과 29-30군이 I, II기에 비해 의미 있게 향상되었고 최저출생 재태기간의 생존례는 I기 26주(970 gm), II기 $23^{+5}$주(791 gm), III기 $24^{+1}$주(740 gm)였다. VLBWI의 주요 유병률 중 III도 이상의 심한 뇌실 내 출혈의 빈도가 III기 5%로 I기 13%, II기 10.5%에 비해 의미 있게 감소되었고, 전체 사망 중 7일 이전 사망률이 III기(15.4%)에 I기(55.5%)에 비해 의의 있게 감소되었다. 결 론 : 최근 VLBWI의 생존율이 주요 유병률의 증가 없이 현저히 향상되었고, 특히 26주 이하, 750 gm 미만의 초극소미숙아의 생존율 향상이 두드러졌다. Purpose : The outcomes of infants weighing less than 1,500 gm(very low birth weight infant : VLBWI) reflect recent progress in neonatal intensive care. In this study, we analyzed changes over time in survival rate and morbidity of VLBWIs during the past seven years. Methods : A retrospective review of medical records was analyzed for VLBWIs admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center within three days from birth. We compared the outcomes of previous corresponding data(period I : Oct. 1994 to Sept. 1996), with the outcomes of period II(Oct. 1996 to Dec. 1998) and period III(Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2000). Results : As shown in Tables 1 and 3, the distribution of birth weight, gestational age(GA), gender, and inborn admissions did not change during the 7-year study. The overall survival rate of VLBWI increased significantly over time(period I : 72% vs period III : 88.3%, P<0.05). Between period I and period II, the birth weight-specific survival rate increased by 23.6%(75% vs 92.7%, P<0.05) for infants 1,000 to 1,249 gm. Between period II and period III, the birth weight-specific survival rate increased three times(20% vs 66.7%, P<0.05) for infants <750 gm. The survivors of lowest birth weight included infants at 624 gm(GA : $26^{+5}$ weeks), 667 gm(GA : $25^{+6}$ weeks) and 480 gm(GA : $26^{+2}$ weeks) in each period. The gestational age-specific survival rate in period III increased significantly in GA 25-26 weeks and 29-30 weeks(vs period I & period II, P<0.05). The survivors of lowest gestational age included infants at GA 26 weeks(970 gm), GA $23^{+5}$ weeks(791 gm) and GA $24^{+1}$ weeks(740 gm) in each period. The incidence of severe IVH(grade III, IV) and the early death rate(< seven days) decreased in period III(vs period I; P<0.05), reflecting improvements in neonatal intensive care. Conclusion : The survival rate of VLBWI continues to increase, particularly for BW < 750 gm, GA < 26 weeks. This increase in survival is not associated by any increase in major morbidities.

M/G/I Queue 에 관한 硏究

金貳南,朴鏞成 群山大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

本 論文에서는 M/G/I Queue에 對한 몇 가지 것들을 알아본다. 먼저 Arriving 'Customer's Districution, Departing Customer's Distribution, Outside Observer's Distribution과 이들 사이의 關係를 알아본다. 그 다음 Little 의 定理를 證明하고 이것들 이외에 M/G/I Queue를 分析하는 데 必要한 것들을 몇 가지 더 알아 본 다음 M/G/I Queue의 mean Queue Length와 Mean Waiting Time 을 구해 본다. Inbedded Markov Chain을 證明하고 이를 利用하여 M/G/I Queue Length 에 對한 Probability Generating Function과 Waiting Time 에 對한 Moment Generating Function을 誘導한다. This study is intended to investigate a few things about M/G/I queue. First of all, the researcher intends to know the relationship among Arriving Customer's Distribution, Departing Customer's Distribution, and Outside Observer's Distribution. Then the researcher tries to prove a theorem of Little and to find out a few more things needed to analyze the M/G/I queue additionally. Moreover the researcher intends to find out the mean queue length and the men waiting time of M/G/I queue. Rastly the researcher tries to induce the moment generating function about waiting time and the probability generating function about M/G/I queue length, by explaining and using the Imbedded Markov Chain.

Design of Instrumentation and Control System for Research Reactors

Gee-Yong Park,Sang H. Bae,Dae I. Bang,Taek G. Kim,Jae K. Park,Young K. Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

New design is being carried out for the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems for a nuclear research reactor with intent to replace and improve the existing analog-based I&C systems. The I&C systems being designed are based on computer-based digital systems. Some systems that have not been designed in the exiting, old I&C systems are added into the I&C systems design in order to provide the diversity to improve the safety and availability of a reactor. The concept of the defense-in-depth implemented in the I&C system design is also described in this paper.

Radiosynthesis and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of 1‐(tetrahydro‐5‐hydroxy‐6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)‐5‐[¹²⁵I]iodouracil: A new potential agent for HSV1‐tk

Jo, Nam Hyun,Kim, Jung Young,El‐,Gamal, Mohammed I.,Choi, Won‐,Kyoung,Park, Jin‐,Hun,Kim, Eun Jung,Cho, Jung‐,Hyuck,Ha, Hyun‐,Joon,Choi, Tae Hyun,Oh, Chang‐,Hyun John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceutica Vol.54 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Synthesis, radiolabelling, and <I>in vitro</I> evaluation of a new <SUP>125</SUP>I‐labelled iodouracil hexitol nucleoside analogue are reported. The target compound was successfully synthesized by an iodination–destannylation method and then purified by reverse phase HPLC. The radiochemical purity of the product was >99% with decay‐corrected yields of 48±3%. <I>In vitro</I> cellular uptake testing was carried out using MCA and MCA‐tk cell lines for comparison of compound 1 with [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FHBG. The newly synthesized compound 1 showed higher accumulation in herpex simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1‐tk) gene expression cell line (MCA‐tk cell line) than in the wild type MCA cell line compared with [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FHBG. The MCA‐tk to MCA cellular uptake ratio for compound 1 was higher than that of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FHBG from 2 h after incubation. The radioiodine‐labelled compound 1 (I‐125, <I>t</I><SUB>1/2</SUB>=59.37 days) has a longer physical half‐life than F‐18‐(<I>t</I><SUB>1/2</SUB>=110 min) labelled FHBG. Radioiodine‐labelled compound 1 could be used for monitoring gene expression for a long time. The selectivity for MCA‐tk cell line makes compound 1 a promising imaging agent for HSV1‐tk expression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates with Potassium Ethoxide: Reaction Mechanism and Role of K⁺ Ion

Kim, Song-I,Kim, Min-Young,Um, Ik-Hwan Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.1

A kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted-benzoates (7a-i) with EtOK in anhydrous ethanol at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ is reported. The plots of pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) vs. [EtOK] curve upward. Dissection of $k_{obsd}$ into the second-order rate constants for the reactions with the dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOK (i.e., $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtOK}$, respectively) has revealed that the ion-paired EtOK is more reactive than the dissociated $EtO^-$. Hammett plots for the reactions of 7a-i with the dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOK exhibit excellent linear correlations with ${\rho}_X$ = 3.00 and 2.47, respectively. The reactions have been suggested to proceed through a stepwise mechanism in which departure of the leaving-group occurs after the RDS. The correlation of the $k_{EtOK}/k_{EtO^-}$ ratio with the ${\sigma}_X$ constants exhibits excellent linearity with a slope of -0.53. It is concluded that the ion-paired EtOK catalyzes the reaction by increasing the electrophilicity of the reaction center rather than by enhancing the nucleofugality of the leaving group.

Derivation of Q* Parameter for Evaluating Creep Crack Growth Rate of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel

I.M.W. Ekaputra,Woo-Gon Kim(김우곤),Jae-Young Park(박재영),Seon-Jin Kim(김선진),Min-Hwan Kim(김민환),Yong-Wan Kim(김용완) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

The concept of the Q* parameter was first proposed by Yokobori et al. The Q* parameter is defined as the exponent of the exponential function in the thermal activation process equation. In this study, the creep crack growth (CCG) behavior of the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel is evaluated using the Q* parameter. The CCG tests were carried out under various loads at 550oC and 600oC. The K and C* parameters have been used to characterize the CCGR of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. The results show that the K parameter exhibits the largest scatter data, and there is no systematic trend in each series of tests, while C* showed a narrower scattering of data of CCGR than the K parameter. However, C* decreased during the early stage of crack growth and subsequently increased, i.e., a dual value due to the nose appearance, and it did not distinguish among the series of data under various loads at 550oC and 600oC clearly in a one linear line. The Q* parameter was able to evaluate the CCG by a simple monotical linear function without a dual value owing to nose existing in the early stage, and it exhibited an increase or decrease regardless of the testing conditions. The Q* was regarded as an independent parameter that is not depending on stress and temperature, whereas the C* was regarded as a dependent parameter depending on the creep stress and temperature.

Original Article : Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir-Based Rescue Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Previous Nucleo(s/t)ide Treatment Failure

( Cho I Lee ),( So Young Kwon ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Won Hyeok Choe ),( Chang Hong Lee ),( Eileen L Yoon ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Ju Hyun Kim ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.1

Background/Aims: We investigated the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who failed previous antiviral therapies. Methods: Seventeen patients who failed to achieve virological responses during sequential antiviral treatments were included. The patients were treated with TDF monotherapy (four patients) or a combination of TDF and lamivudine (13 patients) for a median of 42 months. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were measured, and renal function was also monitored. Results: Prior to TDF therapy, 180 M, 204 I/V/S, 181 T/V, 236 T, and 184 L mutations were detected. After TDF therapy, the median HBV DNA level decreased from 4.6 log10 IU/mL to 2.0 log10 IU/mL and to 1.6 log10 IU/mL at 12 and 24 months, respectively. HBV DNA became undetectable (≤20 IU/mL) in 14.3%, 41.7%, and 100% of patients after 12, 24, and 48 months of treatment, respectively. HBeAg loss was observed in two patients. Viral breakthrough occurred in five patients who had skipped their medication. No significant changes in renal function were observed. Conclusions: TDF-based rescue treatment is effective in reducing HBV DNA levels and is safe for patients with CHB who failed prior antiviral treatments. Patients` adherence to medication is related to viral rebound. (Gut Liver 2014,8:64-69)

아산시 지역에서 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률: 표본인구 설문조사

조영석 ( Young Seok Cho ),최명규 ( Myung Gyu Choi ),신석준 ( Seok Jun Shin ),추교영 ( Kyo Young Choo ),정우철 ( Woo Chul Chung ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ),김상우 ( Sang Woo Kim ),최황 ( Hwang Choi ),한석원 ( Sok Won Han ),정인식 ( I 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2004 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.10 No.1

목적: 우리나라의 과민성 장 증후군과 배변증상의 유병률을 조사하고, 다른 진단 기준을 적용하였을 때 유병률에 차이가 있는 지를 알아보기 위하여 지역사회 주민을 대상으로 무작위 표본추출조사를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 충청남도 아산시 보건소와 협조하여 11개 면과 2개동을 무작위로 선정한 후, 인구에 비례하여 18세 이상 70세 미만의 남녀 2,024명을 무작위로 표본추출하였다. 조사원이 대상가구를 직접 방문하여 배변증상을 설문지로 조사하였다. 결과: 3회 방문에 부재 중이거나 제외기준에 속한 주민을 제외하고, 1,417명(남 762명, 평균 44±14세, 여 655명, 평균 43±15세) 이 설문지를 완료하였다. 로마기준 II에 의한 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률은 2.2% (95% 신뢰구간 [95% CI], 1.4~3.0)이었고, 로마기준 I으로는 2.8% ([95% CI], 1.9~3.7)였다. 복통과 Manning 기준 중 2가지 이상을 만족하는 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률은 3.6% ([95% CI], 2.6~4.6)였다. Manning 기준과 로마기준 I, 그리고 Manning 기준과 로마기준 II간에는 각각 moderate agreement를 나타내었다(κ=0.48; p<0.001), (κ=0.50; p<0.001). 로마기준 I과 로마기준 II간에는 substantial agreement를 나타내어(κ=0.66; p<0.001) 세 가지 진단기준 중 로마기준 I과 로마기준 II의 경우에 일치의 정도가 가장 높았다. 결론: 로마기준 II를 적용하여 표본추출 설문조사에 의한 우리나라의 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률은 2.2%이며, 적용된 진단기준에 따라 차이가 있었다. Backgr ound/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in Caucasians and Japanese, but its epidemiology has not been studied in random Korean populations. It has been suggested that the variation in the prevalence of IBS may be due to the application of different diagnostic criteria. New criteria for IBS have been proposed (Rome II). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IBS in a random population in Asan city, Korea by using the Bowel Symptom Questionnaire (BSQ), which was based on the multinational, diagnostic, Rome II criteria for functional bowel disorders, as a measure of GI symptoms and to compare diagnostic criteria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using a reliable and valid questionnaire based on the fulfillment of the Rome II criteria was performed in a random population in Asan city, Korea, on residents aged 18~69 yr. The response rate was 78.4% (n=1417). All respondents were interviewed at either their homes or offices by a team of interviewers. Results: The prevalence for BS according to the Rome II, Rome I, and Manning criteria was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4~3.0), 2.8% (95% CI, 1.9~3.7), and 3.6% (95% CI, 2.6~4.6), respectively. There was moderate agreement between the Manning and Rome II criteria (κ=0.48; p<0.001), and between the Manning and Rome II criteria (κ=0.50; p<0.001), but substantial agreement between the Rome I and Rome II criteria (κ=0.66; p<0.001). The prevalence for abdominal bloating was 4.0% (95% CI, 3.0~5.1), for diarrhea was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3~1.2), and for constipation was 2.6% (95% CI, 1.8~3.5). Conclusions: The prevalence of IBS based on the Rome II criteria was 2.2%. The prevalence of IBS varied substantially depending on the specific definition of IBS used. (Kor J Neur ogastr oenterol Motil 2004;1:49-56)

Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted- Benzoates with Potassium Ethoxide: Reaction Mechanism and Role of K+ Ion

Song-I Kim,Min-Young Kim,엄익환 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.1

A kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted-benzoates (7a-i) with EtOK in anhydrous ethanol at 25.0 ± 0.1 o C is reported. The plots of pseudo-first-order rate constants (k obsd ) vs. [EtOK] curve upward. Dissection of k obsd into the second-order rate constants for the reactions with the dissociated EtO – and ion-paired EtOK (i.e., k EtO- and k EtOK , respectively) has revealed that the ion-paired EtOK is more reactive than the dissociated EtO – . Hammett plots for the reactions of 7a-i with the dissociated EtO – and ion-paired EtOK exhibit excellent linear correlations with  X = 3.00 and 2.47, respectively. The reactions have been suggested to proceed through a stepwise mechanism in which departure of the leaving-group occurs after the RDS. The correlation of the k EtOK /k EtO ratio with the σX constants exhibits excellent linearity with a slope of –0.53. It is concluded that the ion-paired EtOK catalyzes the reaction by increasing the electrophilicity of the reaction center rather than by enhancing the nucleofugality of the leaving group.

생명과학1 "세포와 생명의 연속성"단원의 교육과정 일치도 분석

김대이 ( Dae I Kim ),임수민 ( Soo Min Lim ),김영신 ( Young Shin Kim ),서경희 ( Kyoung Hee Seo ) 한국생물교육학회 2015 생물교육 Vol.43 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the curriculum alignment of ‘cell and continuity of life’ unit in Life Science I. It is not easy to estimate the consistent degree among planned, implemented and assessed curriculum. In these reasons the consistent degree among teachers’ planned, implemented, and assessed and between students’ implemented and assessed were analyzes with ‘cell and continuity of life’ unit. For this, the subjects for this study consisted of 29 teachers and 341 students. The objectives of each subject for ‘cell and continuity of life’ units were categorized, based on Bloom’s 6 types of cognition levels. And the result reveals the curriculum alignment by Porter’s alignment index and contents map. The result is follows : First, students’ implemented . students’ assessed curriculum alignment index is the highest, and teacher’s implemented - student``s implemented curriculum alignment index is the lowest. But curriculum alignment index appears higher than previous studies. Second, teachers’ and students’ curriculums are mainly required low-level cognitive process, such as ‘understand’. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the reason why students show low achievement despite a relatively high degree of curriculum alignment.