Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

어린이집 운영에 관한 부모만족도의 종단적 변화 추이 분석

정인숙 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1998 영유아보육연구 Vol.4 No.-

The purposes of this study were to measure parents' satisfaction on management of child care center in five parts; in- and out-side environment, general management, child care and education, relationship with home, and nutrition, health, and safety, and to analyse longitudinal change of parents' satisfaction. The subjects of this study were young children's parent(in 1996 data, 15 fathers and 132 mothers; in 1997 data, 9 fathers and 106 mothers; in 1998 data, 2 fathers and 74 mothers) attending a public child care center in Pusan. The instrument for this study was parents' satisfaction rating scale on management of child care center. The main findings of this study are as following: First, The most parents (more than 85%) were satisfied with management of child care center. In five parts of management, higher satisfaction percent (more than 90%) in enviorment part was shown, and lower satisfaction percent (less than 60%) in relationship with home part was shown. In the rest three parts, satisfaction percent were ranged from 80% to 90%. Second, as year goes, parents' satisfactions were changed but not considerably, although most parents in 1997 rated low score in parents' satisfaction. In enviorment part, general management part, and child care and education part, as time goes, parents' satisfaction were increased. But in relationship with home part, and nutrition, health, and safety part, parents' satisfation were decreased. Further educational implications and suggestions were discussed.

Association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles with Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy in Korean Patients

In Ji Won,Jung Kiwook,Shin Sue,Park Kyoung Un,Lee Hajeong,Song Eun Young 대한진단검사의학회 2022 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.42 No.1

Background: Associations between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been reported in several ethnic groups. We investigated the association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles with the predisposition for IgAN and disease progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Korean patients. Methods: We analyzed HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotypes in 399 IgAN patients between January 2000 and January 2019 using a LIFECODES sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kit (Immucor, Stamford, CT, USA) or a LABType SSO Typing Test (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, USA). Alleles with a significant difference in two-digit resolution were further analyzed using in-house sequence-based typing and sequence-specific primer PCR. As controls, 613 healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors were included. Kidney survival was analyzed in 281 IgAN patients with available clinical and laboratory data using Cox regression analysis. Where needed, P-values were adjusted using Bonferroni correction. Results: The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*04:05 (corrected P [Pc]<0.001), -DQB1 *04:01 (Pc=0.048), and -DQB1*03:02 (Pc=0.021) were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in controls, whereas those of HLA-DRB1*07:01, -DRB1*15:01, -DQB1*02:02, and -DQB1*06:02 (Pc<0.001 for all) were significantly lower in IgAN patients than in controls. The allele frequency of HLA-DQB1*05:03 (Pc=0.016) was significantly lower in the ESKD group than in the non-ESKD group; however, there was no significant difference for ESKD progression between these groups. Conclusions: We report novel associations of HLA-DRB1*15:01, DQB1*02:02, -DQB1*03:02, and -DQB1*04:01 with IgAN. Further studies of HLA alleles associated with IgAN progression in a larger cohort and in various ethnic groups are needed.

근로삼권의 규범론과 정책론

정인섭 한국노동법학회 2003 노동법학 Vol.0 No.17

Compared to the function of case law concerning industrial relations in most of the developed countries, that of the Republic of Korea occupies an overwhelming portion in formulating the practical consciousness of the social partners, as well as the public in general. Social partners sometimes adhere to it in the hope that it would back up their own interest. But if they cannot hope the positive result of it, their attitude turns to the direct opposite. Case law has no persuasive effectiveness to the social partners but the usefulness as a defensive measures. Case law has accumulated the notion that the right to organize, bargain collectively and strike is closely interrelated in that the right to organize and strike is justified only in the context linked to the right to bargain collectively. So the trinity of the right to organize, bargain collectively and strike can have its own meaning only in the condition that it serves as a tool to obtain the better working conditions. On the other hand, case law has construed that the labor law should be supplemented by the concrete legislation, the content of which is reserved to the wide -for my part, it almost seems to amount to "unlimited"-discretion of the competent bodies of legislation. Thus the labor law concerning industrial relations cannot only identify the trade union right but also restrict it. Although it is undeniable that the legislation might restrict the constitutional rights in a limited condition, the constitutional legitimacy of the over-restriction of the legislation should be denied. But case law has pardoned the over-restriction. To make the matter worse, it is accompanied by the context of biased politics. For example, case law has set the prevention of the industrial conflict prior to the democratic administration of trade union, and the possible liability of the unjust concerted activities prior to the normative needs in the strike-ballot. Case law had set aside the normative need to respect the democratic administration of trade union as one of the essence of industrial relations law, because it may cause an industrial conflicts and harm the peace of the premise. In recent years, significant confusion arises in sharing the normative sense of the constitutional rights of workers between social partners, as well as the public in general. Futhermore it is not a foolish foreboding that in the near future it will threats the social integration. So the misunderstandings of the notions of case law should be reviewed in the precise context norm of the trade union right.

영양사 유무에 따른 재가노인 급식서비스 제공기관의 실태 분석

정현영,양일선,채인숙,이해영 대한영양사협회 2004 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.10 No.2

The purposes of this study was to analyze the operational difference of foodservice center for homebound elderly by the presence of the dietitian. The questionnaire was developed to measure all variables for menu management and distributed to 103 meal service centers in charge of congregate meal service program and 57 centers for home-delivered meal service program. The data of 160 centers in charge of congregate meal service and home-delivered service centers were usable for analysis. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS 8.1 package program for descriptive analysis and chi-square test. Only 2 1.9% meal service centers had dietitians, what is more, they were not professionals who did menu management but foodservice managers, volunteers, cook or social workers. The current foodservice programs for the homebound elderly were operated without professional. In the part of menu management, dietitians were more actively involved in menu planning in the elderly foodservice center in the presence of the dietitians. The performance level of healthcare service was not significantly different, but the nutrition education in the elderly foodservice center with the dietitians was more frequently performed than that without the dietitians(p<0.05). In the food purchasing and food production management, the significant differences were shown that in the elderly foodservice centers in the presence of the dietitians, the proportion of the contract purchasing was significantly higher than that of direct purchasing(p<0.01). In food sanitaq management, the significant differences were not shown in the part of management of keeping meal for identifying the cause of food-borne illness and left-over, but the sanitation education for the foodservice employees was performed more frequently by the presence of the dietitians(p<0.01). In conclusion, the foodservice management was more systematically conducted in the elderly foodservice centers in the presence of the dietitians than that without dietitians. The elderly foodservice program has offered the health-related support for homebound elderly. Although there were several problems in elderly foodservice management, the program delivered well-targeted, effective, and efficient nutrition services and wide range of supportive service to the at-risk older population. It needs to be managed by professional for the improvement in the elderly foodservice.

기본교육과정 수학과의 생활중심 교육과정 내용 보완을 위한 연구 : 시계,달력,화폐를 중심으로 A Focus on Money, Clock and Calendar

정인숙 국립특수교육원 2000 특수교육 교육과정 연구 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 제7차 특수학교 교육과정의 기본교육과정 수학과의 내용 중, 유치부 과정으로부터 졸업후 독립생활을 영위하는 과정에 이르기까지 모든 일상생활에서 중요한 영역인 화폐, 시계, 달력 단원을 선정하여, 제6차 학교수준 교육과정 및 '기능적 생활중심 지도자료'의 내용들을 분석하고, 기능적 생활중심 교육과정의 관점을 바탕으로 제7차 기본교육과정 수학과의 화폐, 시계, 달력의 내용을 보완하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, '화폐' 영역에서는 수학Ⅲ의 화폐(1,2,3)단원을 연관지어 통합할 필요가 있으며, '시장놀이'등과 같은 가상보다는 실제 생활 속에서 자신의 필요에 의한 구매부터 시작하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 그리고 먼저 학생을 잘 알고 도와줄 수 있는 가까운 가게를 이용하도록 하고 점차 자연스러운 상황에서 물품을 구입하도록 지도하며, 백화점의 광고 전단지나 패스트후드점의 가격표, 신문 광고 등을 이용하여 실생활 속에서 경제생활을 영위할 수 있도록 지도하여야 한다. 또한 돈 관리 단원을 구체화하여 용돈 사용에 대한 계획을 수립하여 사용하도록 하고, 능력에 따라 졸업 후 직장생활에서 요구되는 월급의 관리 및 의식주에 관한 예산 편성 및 집행, 가계부 기록하기 등과 계산기의 사용 능력에 관한 내용 등이 보완되어야 할 것이다. '시계' 영역에서는 시계 지도에서 가장 어려운 분야인 '시'와 '분'을 읽을 수 있도록 발달장애 학생의 특성을 고려하여, 숫자 한 개만을 기록한 시계부터, 점차 기록된 숫자를 늘려 '시'를 정확히 읽게 하고, 분 단위는 숫자 없이 작은 눈금만이 표시된 시계를 이용하여 1분 단위로 '분'을 읽게 하는 체계적인 교육이 요구되고, 전자시계에 관한 교육의 도입이 요구된다. '달력' 영역에서는 가장 높은 단계인 수학Ⅲ 단계에서 최초로 달력에 관한 내용이 제시되기보다는 가장 낮은 수학Ⅰ단계부터 교육하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 일상생활 속에서 '의미 있는 날들'을 중심으로 달력보기를 생활화 할 수 있도록 좀더 보완하여 지도하여야 할 것이다. This study mentioned below deals with basic curriculum of arithmatic division in the 7th revised version of the special education curriculum. This study only chooses domains(spheres) such as money, clock(time) and calendar(dates) as subjects of the particular study, all of which are very important throughout our lives from kindergarten to adulthood. By analyzing contents from "functional teaching methods" and from the 6th revised version of the school-level education curriculum, this study tried to supplement some of the missed-out points on chapters concerning money, clock(time), calendar(dates) in the contents of the 7th revised version of basic curriculum on funtional curriculum point of view. Here are some of the results of the studies. In the "money" domain, it's advisable to combine chapter Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ of the arithmatic Ⅲ in teaching process. Rather than letting students play imaginary games like "market game", teachers are advised to teach students buy products according to their real every day needs. Teachers should also recommend students to use/shop at stores quite familiar to them. Teachers, then can go on to the next stage where students can make their own purchases in natural environments. Teachers should also guide the students to use pamphlets from department stores or price list from fast food stores or newspaper advertisements so that students can life more thrifty lives in real lives. Moreover, teachers should make the "money managing" part more concrete so that students can be able to make their own plans with their allowances. Not only with the allowances, but contents concerning money managing after graduation, compliation and performance of the budget, usage of the checklist, usage of calculators should also be supplemented to help student's actual needs in their daily lives. In the "clock" domain, the hardest part is the hours and minutes section. In order to help students tell time, teachers have to put in mind some of the characteristics of the students. Starting from the very easy ones like on digit numbers, teachers can proceed to the next level with more complex numbers so that students can understand it exactly. With 'minutes', more systematic approach is needed in which students can read 'minutes' with a clock that only has notch makes on a scale(without the numbers written) on a one-minute unit. Furthermore, lessons on electric(digital) calculators are required to be implemented. With the "calendar" domain, it's more effective to start teaching children with the contents about calendars in arithmatic Ⅰ rather than presenting them with it in arithmatic Ⅲ, which is the highest level in the current arithmatic curriculum. Teachers should also teach students by supplementing some contents to the original ones so that children can learn to read days and feel the days naturally around the dates that are very "meaning" to them.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

흰쥐에서 Deferoxamine이 신 허혈 후 재관류에 의해 유발되는 신손상에 미치는 영향

배인수,정희창,박동춘 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.7

Celay/In-Ceram, Conventional In-Ceram, Empress 2 전부도재관의 변연적합도에 관한 비교 연구

양재호,여인성,이선형,한중석,이재봉,Yang, Jae-Ho,Yeo, In-Sung,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Han, Jung-Suk,Lee, Jai-Bong 대한치과보철학회 2002 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.40 No.2

There have been many studies about marginal discrepancy of single restorations made by various systems and materials. But many of statistical inferences are not definite because of sample size, measurement number, measuring instruments. etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptations of the anterior single restorations made by different systems and to consider more desirable statistical methods in analysing the marginal fit. The in vitro marginal discrepancies of three different all-ceramic crown systems (Celay In-Ceram. Conventional In-Ceram. IPS Empress 2 layering technique) and one control group (PFM) were evaluated and compared. The crowns were made from one extracted maxillary central incisor prepared with a 1mm shoulder margin and $6^{\circ}$ taper walls by milling machine. 10 crowns per each system were fabricated. Measurements or a crown were recorded at 50 points that were randomly selected for marginal gap evaluation. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1 Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for the maxillary incisor crowns were $98.2{\pm}40.6{\mu}m$ for PFM, $83.5{\pm}18.7{\mu}m$ for Celay In-Ceram, $104.9{\pm}44.1{\mu}m$ for conventional In-Ceram, and $45.5{\pm}11.5{\mu}m$ for IPS Empress 2 layering technique. The IPS Empress 2 system showed the smallest marginal gap (P<0.05). The marginal openings of the other three groups were not significantly different (P<0.05). 2 The marginal discrepancies found in this study were all within clinically acceptable standards ($100\sim150{\mu}m$). 3. When the variable is so controlled that the system may be the only one, mean value is interpreted to be the marginal discrepancy of a restoration which is made by each system and standard deviation is to be technique-sensitivity of each one. 4. From the standard deviations. the copy-milling technique (Celay/In-Ceram) was not considered to be technique-sensitive in comparison with other methods. 5. Parametric analysis is more reliable than non-parametric one in interpretation of the mean and standard deviation. The sample size of each group has to be more than 30 to use parametric statistics. The level of clinically acceptable marginal fit has not been established. Further studies are needed.

Investigation on the electronic state of In-doped ZnO nanocrystals by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

Mina Jung,Sunyeo Ha,Seungjun Oh,구지은,Keisuke Kobayashi,Tae-In Jeon,Yoshihiro Murakami,Jiho Chang,Takafumi Yao 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2

ZnO:In nanocrystals (NCs) with various In contents were synthesized by using a mixed source vapor transportation method. The morphological variation and electronic structure of ZnO:In NCs were studied by bulk sensitive hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HX-PES). ZnO:In NCs are classified into ZnOlike hexagonal and In2O3-like cubic groups, based on the crystal structure, and we have estimated the In content for the phase transformation to be as high as 35 atomic% (atm.%). A filled electronic state in the conduction band was observed from the ZnO-like group, which is regarded as a metallic state, due to an increase of extrinsic carrier density. ZnO:In nanocrystals (NCs) with various In contents were synthesized by using a mixed source vapor transportation method. The morphological variation and electronic structure of ZnO:In NCs were studied by bulk sensitive hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HX-PES). ZnO:In NCs are classified into ZnOlike hexagonal and In2O3-like cubic groups, based on the crystal structure, and we have estimated the In content for the phase transformation to be as high as 35 atomic% (atm.%). A filled electronic state in the conduction band was observed from the ZnO-like group, which is regarded as a metallic state, due to an increase of extrinsic carrier density.