지난 2년간의 학회지 "신경정신의학" 심사 평가보고

김찬형,김세주,김도관,김성곤,박원명,송동호,박용천,이영문,오강섭,정영철,이상열,김주한,이동영,이헌정,함병주,김율리,김문두,김정진,이강욱,천근아,김재진,홍진표,홍승철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

청소년 인터넷 중독 검사 방법의 통계적 고찰 및 개선 -Young의 척도를 중심으로

박찬정 ( Chan Jung Park ),김형철 ( Hyung Chul Kim ),고영민 ( Young Min Ko ),현정석 ( Jung Suk Hyun ),김철민 ( Cheol Min Kim ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2010 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.4

국내외에서 이루어진 기존의 인터넷 중독 검사에 대한 연구는 다양하며 방대하지만, 대부분의 연구가 중독도 검사를 위한 항목추출이거나 항목들을 이용한 중독도 분석이었지 항목간의 분석을 통한 차별화는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 리즈렐과 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 Young의 인터넷 중독 검사방법을 고찰하고 문제점을 지적한 후, 검사 방법에 대한 대안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 Young의 척도를 이용하여 청소년 440명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고, 요인분석을 통해 Young 척도의 문제점을 분석한다. 또한, 데이터 마이닝 알고리즘인 J48 및 PART를 이용하여 설문문항들 중에서 인터넷 중독도를 구분 지을 수 있는 항목들을 선별하고 이를 기반으로 인터넷 중독 학생들을 진단하고 처방하는데 활용하는 방법을 제안한다. So far, the researches about the Internet addiction testing are diverse and enormous. However, since the testing factors have the same importance, there is no discrimination among the factors. In our paper, we analyze the problems of the existing researches by using Lisrel and data mining algorithms. Next, we propose an alternative for the Internet addiction testing. In order to accomplish these, we make an questionnaire consisted of Young`s test and then, we asked to 440 primary and secondary school students. In addition, we analyzed the problems of Young`s test with factor analysis and then, we distinguish more important items from others with J48 and PART. Finally, based on this analysis, we propose a method to diagnose addicted students and prescribe them.

Elderly kidney transplant recipients have favorable outcomes but increased infection-related mortality

임정훈,Lee Ga Young,Jeon Yena,Jung Hee-Yeon,Choi Ji Young,CHO, JANG-HEE,Park Sun Hee,김용림,Kim Hyung-Kee,Huh Seung,유은상,Won Dong Il,Kim Chan-Duck 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.3

Background: The number of elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease has been increasing, but the outcomes of kidney transplants (KT) remain poorly understood in elderly patients. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of elderly KT recipients and analyzed the impact of elderly donors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent KT between 2000 and 2019. KT recipients were divided into four groups according to a combination of recipient and donor age (≥60 or <60 years); elderly recipients: old-to-old (n = 46) and young-to-old (n = 83); young recipients: old-to-young (n = 98) and young-to-young (n = 796). We compared the risks of mortality, graft failure, and acute rejection between groups using Cox regression analysis. Results: The incidence of delayed graft function, graft failure, and acute rejection was not different among groups. Annual mean tacrolimus trough level was not lower in elderly recipients than young recipients during 10-year follow-up. Mortality was significantly higher in elderly recipients (p = 0.001), particularly infection-related mortality (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, old-toold and young-to-old groups had increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14– 7.32; p = 0.03; aHR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.51–6.20; p = 0.002). However, graft failure and acute rejection risks were not increased in elderly recipients. Conclusion: In elderly recipients, graft survival and acute rejection-free survival were not inferior to those of young recipients. However, mortality, especially risk of infection-related death, was increased in elderly recipients. Thus, low immunosuppression intensity might help decrease mortality in elderly recipients.

열등의식의 문학적 탐구 : 김승옥의 「더 많은 덫을」에 대하여

김영찬(Kim Young-chan),김승옥 한국근대문학회 2010 한국근대문학연구 Vol.11 No.1

김승옥은 1966년 대중적 상업주간지인 『주간한국』이 지령 100호 기념으로 지식인 100명에게 투표를 의뢰하여 발표한 ‘오늘의 작가’에 선정된바 있다. 김승옥의 소설 「더 많은 덫을」은 그 선정결과가 발표된 『주간한국』 100호 기념호에 〈100인이 선정한 ‘오늘의 작가’의 ‘오늘의 작품’〉이라는 타이틀 아래 실린 것이다. 김승옥의 소설 「더 많은 덫을」은 그동안 독자의 기억에서나 문학연구의 영역에서나 유실되었던 작품이다. 그러나 「더 많은 덫을」은 ‘서울에서 산다는 것’에 임상심리 보고서로서 중요한 가치를 지니고 있을 뿐 아니라, 이 시기 그의 다른 작품과 비교할 때 작품의 질에서도 당연히 뒤떨어지지 않는다. 이 소설에서 주목되는 것은 전라도에서 상경한 촌놈으로서의 자의식, 그리고 그와 얽혀 있는 당대 한국사회의 사회문화적 환경과 사회심리의 표정, 그에 대한 심리적 반응 등이 거의 날것 그대로라 할 만큼 생생하게 증언되고 있다는 점이다. 그런 측면에서 이 소설은 김승옥 소설의 배면에 은밀하게 깔려 있는, 열등의식 가득찬 고단한 ‘상경 촌놈’의 내면풍경을 그 특유의 미려한 장식을 걷어내고 더욱 깊숙이 들여다볼 수 있는 흥미로운 자료로서의 가치도 높다. 김승옥의 소설 「마지막 덫을」은 비루한 자기보존을 위해 남모르는 안간힘을 써야 하는 소외된 열등생의 불행하고 눈물겨운 자의식의 분투를 보여준다. 그런 측면에서 이 소설은 너무나 욕된 생활 속을 죄충우돌 살아가야 했던 열등한 상경 촌놈들의 ‘서울살이’에 대한 또 하나의 눈물겨운 임상심리 보고서다. 그런 가운데서도 이 소설은 김승옥의 여타 임상심리 보고와 의미 있는 차이를 보여준다. 그것은 ‘열등생’이라는 김승옥 고유의 토픽이, 열등감의 사회경제적 배후와 지역차별에 대한 문제의식과 결합되면서 한층 구체적이고도 집중적으로 다루어지고 있다는 점이다. 더욱이 전라도 출신에 대한 차별과 편견이라는, 사회적으로 중요하지만 문학에서 쉬 발설되지 않았던 민감한 문제를 소설 속으로 적극적으로 끌고 들어온 것 자체만으로도 이 소설이 갖는 문제성은 크다. 무엇보다 이 소설이, 소외된 주변의 욕망을 관리하는 동시에 식민화하는 1960년대 한국사회 근대화 과정의 심리적 결과를 화자의 복잡 미묘한 갈등의 굴곡을 통해 정면으로 포착하고 있다는 사실은 중요하다. 그런 측면에서 이것은 ‘서울에서 산다는 것’에 대한 김승옥식 임상심리 보고의 연장이자 그 사회문화적 구체화라 할 만하다. Seung-ok Kim was selected in 1966 as a “writer of the day” in the poll made by a popular magazine Weekly Korea; his fiction 「Even More Traps」 was published in the magazine as a "fiction of today novelist of today" selected by one hundred people. 「Even More Traps」 has been neglected by common readers and literary scholars. However, it is significant as a report of clinical analysis of ‘living or surviving in Seoul’ and comparable to his other works in terms of quality. What draws our attention in the work is that the psychological dynamism of the main character is so vividly described naked: his self-consciousness as a churl from the Cholla Province, a wretched rural area in Korean history; his psychological response to the socio-cultural milieu and mentality of the Korean society at the moment. In this respect, 「Even More Traps」 can be called a hard-boiled testimony of the inner landscapes of a churl who has come to Seoul, undecorated with the writer’s characteristic refined style. The writer carries out a more detailed profound investigation of his own topic of ‘losers’, regarding the socio-economic backgrounds of inferiority complex and the criticism of unjust discriminations against the rural. Furthermore, it is noteworthy his attempt to shed light on the sensitive issue-the discrimination and prejudices of those who are from the Cholla Province, for it has been neglected in literature in spite of its social connotation. More fundamentally, it is important that 「Even More Traps」 faces the psychological outcomes of the modernization of Korean society in 1960’s by the means of the dramatization of sophisticated inner conflicts of the narrator; it is a detailed version of the writer’s signature analysis of society from a clinical perspective.

유사한 전자상태를 가지는 타이타늄 합금의 영률에 베타 안정화 원소 함량이 미치는 영향

유가영 ( Ga Young Yoo ),박찬희 ( Chan Hee Park ),홍재근 ( Jae Keun Hong ),김승언 ( Seong Eun Kim ),강남현 ( Seong Eun Kim ),염종택 ( Jong Taek Yeom ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2013 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.51 No.4

Previously, Gum Metal (Ti-24(Nb + Ta + V)-(Zr, Hf)-O (at%)) exhibiting an ultralow Young`s modulus, ultrahigh strength and super elasticity was developed by Saito et al., who proposed that three electronic magic numbers, an average electron/atom (e/a) ratio of 4.24, an average bond order (Bo) of about 2.87, and an average “d” electron-orbital energy level (Md) of about 2.45 eV, should be satisfied simultaneously to obtain such “super” properties. The purpose of this study was to find new alloy systems possessing those properties and to examine the effect of beta equivalent content ([Mo]eq) on Young`s moduli of new alloys having the same three electronic numbers mentioned above. It was found that not only three electronic numbers but also [Mo]eq should be considered to obtain a similar Young`s modulus and hardness with respect to the Gum Metal.

독성물질의 세포사 기전 및 세포사 유발물질의 검색법 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅱ) : 망간 신경독성을 이용한 파킨슨증 모델의 세포사 Studies on the Mechanism of Parkinsonism induced by Manganese

김종민,박창원,오정자,이보경,서경원,서수경,김규봉,김종원,김광진,김영옥,전범석,박찬웅,이선희 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

1960년대 이후 파킨슨병의 유발물질 중 한 후보로서 망간이 주목받으면서 많은 역학적, 병러학적 연구가 수행죄브다. 그러나 망간이 파킨슨병을 직접 일으키는지, 혹은 파킨슨병과 관련된 부위의 신경세포를 파괴시쿡 파킨슨증만을 초래하는 것인지가 아직 정립되지 않은 실정이다 본 연구에서는 실험동물모델에서 행등학적 변화 측정 및 병리학적, 샐화학적 연구를 통하여 망간의 과다노출글 따른 파킨슨병 유발 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. Sprague-Datylet· 렛드에 망간을 1, 2, 5, 10 mgAg/day의 응량으로 30일 등안 복강 투여하였을 때 모든 망간투여군에서 운동성 감소가 관찰되었다. 뇌조직의 망간 함량을 ion chromatograph?로 측정한 결과 중뇌 흑질과 기저핵 선조체에서 망간 함량의 뚜렷한 증가 소견이 관찰되었으며, 니슬염색체서 선조체의 신경세포수의 유의성 있는 감소가 관찰되었다. 그러나, 흑질의 TH효소 면역염색, GFAP 면역염색, 흑질과 선조체의 T릿효소 western blot 결과는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서, 망간-파킨슨증 모델에서 파킨슨증어 유발되는 기전은 흑질 도파민성 신경 세포의 신호를 받는 선조체 씬경세포의 사멸에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로, 망간 독성에 의한 파킨스증 모델에서는 파킨슨 병과는 달리 흑질 도파민성 신경세포의 세포사는 관여하지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. Manganese(Mn) intoxication causes a parkinsonian syndrome. It may be difficult to distinguish Mn-induced parkinsonism from idiopathic Parkinson disease(IPD). Neuropathological descriptions on the brains with Mn intoxication showed the perferential damage in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticularis. Pathological reports on the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc), a mafor focus of pathologic changes in IPD, are discordant and controversial. The SNpc involvement is of critical importance for the elucidation of pathogenesis of IPD. Therefore, the neurodegeneration in SNpc was investigated in the experimental model of Mn neurotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with manganese chloride(1, 2, 5, 10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 30 days. Treated animals showed low levels of distance-traveled from locomotor activity tests. Ion chromatography revealed that Mn accumulation was significant in SN and basal ganglia in Mn-treated animals. Nissl staining showed neuronal loss of the striatum in all treated animals. The degree of neurodegeneration in SN was determined by immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). The numbers of TH-positive cells on nigral sections were not different from each groups(P>0.05). The densities of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity from SN were similar between groups. TH-westen blotting showed no differences between treated animals and controls. In conclusion, the SNpc remains intact in Mn intoxication, and Mn-induced parkinsonism may be caused by damages of output pathways downstream to the nigrostriatal dopminergic system.

Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique으로 근관충전시 치근면 온도상승 분석

김영주,황윤찬,김선호,황인남,최보영,정영진,정우남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

This study was conducted to evaluate the temperature rise on the root surface while the root canal is being obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique. Maxillary central incisor was prepared for repeated canal obturation. Ten thermocouples (Omega Engineering Inc., Stanford, USA) were placed at 1mm increment from the anatomical root apex. The real temperature of Buchanan plugger was recorded before insertion into the root canal. The root canal was obturated with continuous wave of condensation technique as described by Buchanan and the root surface temperature was recorded during obturation at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ temperature settings of System B HeatSource (Model 1005, Analytic technologies, Redmond, WA, USA). After completion of the temperature recording, the dentinal-cementum thickness at each sites was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test and linear regression test. The results were as follows. 1. When the temperature was set at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ on the digital display of System B HeatSource, the real temperature of the plugger at the 1mm point from the tip revealed 130.82±2.96℃ 158.00±5.26℃, 215.93±6.91℃ and 249.88±3.65℃ respectively. 2. The position of 8 mm from the anatomical apex showed the highest temperature increase at each temperature settings and it was significantly higher than those of other positions (p<0.01). The temperature rise was constantly increased toward coronal portion from apex of the root. 3. The maximum temperature increase on the root surface was 2.37±0.09℃ at 150℃ setting, 3.11±0.12℃ at 200℃ setting, 3.93±0.09℃ at 250℃ setting and 5.69±0.15℃ at 300℃ setting respectively. These results suggest that it be relatively kind to the supporting tissues of the root that the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ temperature settings on digital temperature display of System B HeatSource.

HID 램프용 디지털제어 전자식 안정기에 관한 연구

김영동,강원찬,김남오,김형곤,김병철 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.1

In this paper, digitally controlled electronic ballast for the HID lamps driven by proposed frequency conversion method is described. This electronic ballast consists of a buck converter, a low frequency square wave full bridge inverter, a high voltage pulse generator for the lamp ignition, an over current protection circuit and an 8-bit microcontroller. The fuzzy logic digital control operation is carried out by the 8-bit microcontroller. In spite of the limited control bandwidth caused by low operation speed of the 8-bit microcontroller, the good control performance for the constant lamp current in the warm-up period is obtained using the proposed frequency conversion driving method. The HID lamp is controlled in a constant current mode during the lighting warm up process and is controlled in a constant power mode during lighting steady state. A controlled variable power mode is used to extend the lamp lifetime.

삼출성 늑막액에서 양악성 감별지표로서 CEA, TPA, SCC Ag 측정의 의의

김경찬,김민수,김미정,권두영,한승범,전영준 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1998 계명의대학술지 Vol.17 No.4

상피 세포에서 기원한 대표적인 종양표지자인 carcinoembryonic antigen (이하 CEA로 약함)은 삼출성 늑막액 환자의 양악성 감별에 보고적으로 사용되고 있다. CEA 이외에 혈청에서 양악성감별의 보조적 지표로 알려진 tissue polypeptide antigen (이하 TPA로 약함)과 squamous cell carcinoma antigen (이하 SCC Ag으로 약함)을 혈청과 늑막에서 동시 측정하여 늑막삼출액의 악성 감별에 어느 정도의 임상적인 유용성이 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 이 연구를 시행하였다. 1997년 1월 1일부터 동년 8월 31일까지 계명대학교 동산의료원에 입원한 환자들 중 삼출성늑막액을 가진 61명을 대상으로 하여 혈청과 늑막액에서 CEA, TPA, SCC Ag의 수치를 방사면역법으로 측정하였다. 각각의 조양표지자들은 악성과 양성군으로 구분한 뒤 분석하였으며 악성군이 28례, 양성군이 33례이었다. 그리고 진단양성기준치를 설정한 뒤 종양표지자들의 특이도, 민감도를 산출하였고 상기 지표들을 종양표지자와 늑막액 세포검사르 조합한 경우에도 산출하여 비교 분석하였다. 혈청 CEA 와 TPA는 각각 7.0 ng/ml, 80.0 ng/ml, 늑막액 CEA와 TPA는 각각 50. ng/ml, 4700.0 ng/ml로 진단양성기준치를 설정하였을 때 특이도를 낮추지 않으면서 가장 높은 민감도를 보였다. 늑막액 세포검사와 동시에 혈청 TPA 도는 늑막액 CEA를 측정하였을 때 특이도는 떨어뜨리지 않으면서 민감도를 높이는 좋은 조합인 것으로 나타났으며 혈청 CEA 및 TPA수치를 늑막액 세포검사와 도시에 시행하였을 때 특이도를 떨어뜨리지 않으면서 가장 높은 민감도를 얻었다. 늑막액 세포검사가 음성인 경우에도 혈청 CEA와 TPA를 동시에 측정하여 높은 민감도와 특이도를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 CEA와 TPA는 늑막삼출액의 양악성 감별 진단 유용한 보조적 지표로서 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), the most widely used tumor marker was measured in pleural fluid of patients with exudative pleural effusions in order to differentiate malignant from benign effusions. This study was performed to find out if there is any clinical utility in differential diagnosis of malignancy by measuring simultaneously CEA, tissue polypeptide antigen(TPA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC Ag) in serum and pleural fluid. The study population was 61 patients with exudative pleural effusions who were admitted to Keimyung University Hospital from January 1 to August 31, 1997. Each CEA, TPA and SCC Ag level in serum and pleural fluid were measured using radioimmunoassay method. These patients were divided to malignant and benign group. Malignant group consists of 28 cases and benign group consists of 33 cases. And the sensitivity and specificity of each tumor marker was obtained using cut-off value and that combining tumor markers and pleural fluid cytology were also obtained and analyzed. When the cut-off value was applied to CEA and TPA in serum using 7.0 ng/ml and 80.0 ng/ml respectively, the highest sensitivity was obtained without specificity being lowered. The same result was obtained when the cut-off value was applied to CEA and TPA in pleural fluid using 5.0 ng/ml and 4700.0 ng/ml respectively. When CEA in pleural fluid or TPA in serum were measured in combining with pleural fluid cytology sensitivity was increased without decreasing specificity than measured in pleural fluid cytology alone. When CEA in serum and TPA in serum were measured in combining with pleural fluid cytology simultaneously, the highest sensitivity was produced without decreasing specificity than measured in any other combinations. In addition, when serum CEA and TPA in serum were measured in the negative group of pleural fluid cytology, high sensitivity and specificity were obtained. These data suggest that CEA and TPA can be used as useful tumor markers for the differential diagnosis of malignancy and benign condition in patients with exudative pleural effusions.

영골(靈骨).강압혈(降壓穴) 자극(刺鍼)이 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影向)

임영남,심성용,한지완,고호연,박종형,한양희,전찬용,김동우,Yim, Young-Nam,Sim, Sung-Yong,Han, Ji-Wan,Ko, Ho-Yeon,Park, Chong-Hyeong,Han, Yang-Hee,Chun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Dong-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).