서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

Multi-Agent System을 이용한 배전계통 자율 적응 최적 보호 시스템

鄭廣鎬,崔勉松,李承宰 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The topology of the power distribution network with protection scheme using over current relay is changed frequently because of load change, maintenance, mending and so on, but the setting values of protective devices are maximum values to ignore load and topology changes of the distribution network. Therefore the protection system can't isolate the light fault from distribution system. Currently, multi-agent system is focused one's attention on the world. And also the protective device is made by digital component and it has communication ability through the influence of communication technology. Because of these reasons, "an adaptive optimal protection of a distribution system network using multi-agent system" is proposed to apply multi agent system for automatic operation of protective system in this paper. The characteristic of multi-agent system has autonomy that is self-start ability and intelligence, with own knowledge, reasoning and judging ability. The agent works together to achieve a global goal, in which case each agent does the given job only. A protective agent of the proposed system has two autonomous functions with basic the protective function. One is the detecting function of network change. The other is the resetting function for optimal protection of a distribution system by coordinating with neighbor agents. When the fault is detected on network, agents isolate fault from network, then it sets parameters to new operation conditions by collaborating with other device agents. This system has adaptive protection with optimization "Protectability" applying protection. It is the "Protectability" concept for evaluation of protection system to describe how the system is well protection by an index numerical value. This system can operate optimal protection, because it detects adequate parameter by optimal method based on collaboration with neighbor agent. The purpose of proposed paper is development of system which has automatic detection of network change and rapidly automatic adaptation against network change with optimal method to set adequate parameter for complete protection.

신장기증자들의 심리적 특성

정승아,김재환,강종명,이장한,김경욱 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1998 精神健康硏究 Vol.17 No.-

中小都市의 成長要因과 特性에 관한 實證的 考察

정영동,오재화,김우혁,송승헌 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2000 建設技術硏究 Vol.20 No.1

The study is concerned with all small and medium size cities. Study on the major purpose is to identify the domanial factors and their change for the growth of small and medium size cities through the analysis of correlation with growth rate. It could be done by case study of growth trends of all existing small and medium size cities for analysis period. The analysis results are summarized as follow : 1. Inevitably, the classification standards of the small and medium sized level in an urban hierarchy may vary among countries, depending on their pattern of urban settlement, level of development, and economic structure, population density, etc. But, the most convenient and frequently used criterion for identifying small and medium sized cities is relative population size because the city is proportional to the functional complexity. 2. The major factors affecting growth of small and medium size cities are POP, FIN, HIS, i.e., in 1986's. and the most dominant factor among them is POP, and The major factors affecting growth of small and medium sized cities are HIS, SAC, ASS, i.e., in 1996's, and the most dominant factor is HIS. 4. As the result, in small and medium size cities three variables, i.e., POP, HIS, SAC-are selected as the general factors concerned with urban population growth.

운동제어의 신경생리학적 기초

정성태,홍승길,임재형 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.2

Many motor activities of animals and human beings are a critical aspect for their survival. Although it has not been clearly understood how motor activities are produced, the idea that various motor programs exist somewhere in the central nervous system (CNS) is generally accepted. As evidence for existence of motor programs in the CNS, we may consider a simple, repetitive movement like walking. Walking does not require continuous thinking. Once it is initiated, it becomes quite automatic. If we try to control consciously our automated movement, then it becomes so unnatural. Edward Evart, a neurophysiologist, noticed in his monkey experiments that the arm muscle contraction for handle movement was preceded by the activation of neurons in the motor cortex that governs the arm movement. These experimental results may be taken as evidence for existence of central programs for movements in the motor cortex. Many other studies, however, have indicated that cerebellum is an important structure where motor program are stored. Potentially, motor programs may not be restricted to a particular site in the CNS. Instead, they may be distributed in the cortex. cerebellum and other neural structures such as the basal ganglia. To understand movements at the neural level, we should determine how movements are coded in the CNS. More specifically, we may have to reveal how neurons are interconnected and how they communicate with each other to ultimately produce movements. An important thing to realize before we attempt to answer these questions is the fact that there is no clear-cut boundary between voluntary and involuntary movements. Even in the voluntary activities such as tennis game, there are lots of involuntary components. Also, in many other cases, there is good evidence that perfect movements can be achieved involuntarily. Diving, which requires a rapid, coordinated control of eyes, arms, legs and other parts of the body, is a good example. To perform this type of movement, there must be a motor program. Cerebellum has been indicated as a key structure necessary for this kind of program. Cerebellum is known as a site involved in the control of independent limb movements, especially rapid, skilled movements. Such movements are initiated by neurons in the frontal association cortex, which control neurons in the primary motor cortex. Both the frontal association cortex and the primary motor cortex send information about intended movements to the cerebellum. Information from the somatosensory system, which informs about the current position and rate of the movement of the limbs-information necessary for computing the details of a movement-is also sent to the cerebellum. When the cerebellum receives the information that the motor cortex has begun to initiate a movement, it computes the contribution that various muscles will have to make to perform that movement. The result of this computation is sent back to the motor cortex. Thus, the information from the cortex enables the cerebellum to modify the ongoing movement initiated by the frontal cortex. The capacity of the cerebellum to fine-tune motor drive generated in the motor cortex may be enhanced by training. In this case, the training will influence the involuntary components of movement.

Method for Protection of Single‑Line‑Ground Fault of Distribution System with DG Using Distance Relay and Directional Relay

Jung‑Hun Lee,Min‑Su Park,Hong‑Seon Ahn,Kyung‑Won Park,Jun‑Seok Oh,Seung‑Gyu Jeon,Dong‑Kyu Kim,Jae‑Eon Kim 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.4

When large scales DG are connected to the distribution system of unidirectional power currents, bi-directional power currents are formed, making it impossible to use conventional overcurrent protection methods alone to detect and isolate fault sections for ground and short-circuit faults. To solve these problems, this study proposed the method of protection against single-line-ground fault of common neutral line multi-contact local power distribution system using distance relay and directional relay. The proposed protection method was applied to the common neutral multi-ground distribution system to validate the protection against single-line-ground fault through the PSCAD/EMTDC software package and efectively detect and isolate only the zone of single-line-ground fault without malfunctions.

쌍각자궁에서 4회 반복유산 후 만삭 둔위 분만 1예

홍정의,김윤숙,최승도,선우재근,배동한 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.2S

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류마티스 관절염 병이에서 제2형콜라겐에 대한 면역반응의 역할

정영옥,황승재,김호연 Official Journal of the Korean society for immunol 2003 Immune Network Vol.3 No.1

랫드 배양배아에서 ginsenosides가 superoxide dismutase 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

김재승, 이세라, 김연, 연정민, 백인정, 안병우, 김윤배, 이범준, 윤영원, 남상윤 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2006 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.7 No.2

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