환경행정에 있어서의 주민투표와 정보공개제도

박효근 한국환경법학회 2002 環境法 硏究 Vol.24 No.2

A referendum system is not intended to nullify the indirect democratic system of representation but to enhance and improve the latter s effectiveness. It does connote all kinds of inherent problems. It can cause residents to decide illogically to remove the good aspect of a representative system and to be unnecessarily concerned. It can bring about administrative confusion by the misuse of votes. And although it provides a way for the executors of the referendum to tackle issues head-on, it may provide a means for the head of local government and local assembllymen to evade responsibility. On the other hand, a referendum system has advantages that residents, as the ultimate rulers of the local administration, can take part in the local administration, adress problems and any opposition for themselves, make a law concerning major issues, and call to account a law that they passed. It also allows residents to improve concern for local autonomy, to bring about effective political education, and to advance residents elementary political knowledge. As mentioned above, the referendum system has merits and faults at the same time. Therefore we cannot draw a conclusion about the definite value of the referendum system. If the system has advantages, it also has its week points. And if anyone wants to abuse the system, he or she can abuse it. In any case, we introduce a direct democratic system to compensate for the faults of an indirect democratic system, the discontent of the administration and the politics of an indirect democratic system. It is a problem of how well we can use the functions of a referendum system. When we examine the application of the referendum system by other countries, we can see that each country enforces the referendum uniquely and specifically. For example, in the United States, an administration area or local government charter must execute a referendum for any important articles. So, the United States is called a country coercive about referendum . In Japan, there are two systems. One is formal referendum; the other is a practical referendum. Of the first is the constitutional referendum of regulations. Also in the case of other countries, the referendum system is alive and well. However, in the case of Korea, referendum awareness has been insufficient up to the present time. These days, one of the rules of local government is about the introduction of referendums, Article 13-2. But some necessary laws are missing. A country that makes the pertinent law of refemdum must consider several things: the basic purpose of the referendum and the laws pertinent to the referendum process. First, residents have to have a sense of mastery and responsibility because they are the primary subjects of local govemmnt. Second, since the local assembly in a democratic system is a fundamental institution of local government, it must unify and mediate the needs of residents actively and with diversity. Third, since the referendum system allows room for abuse, the prod& system has to be repaired and information must be open. Fourth, Articles that clearly define and include the legalization of referendum, referendum object, referendum procedure, referendum initiative and referendum force are necessary. Fifth, the referendum laws should produce articles of a general nature; it is reasonable to entrust free judgment to local governments concerning more specific articles. And the opening of information, under the recognition that administrative information is not the private property of the government office but the public property of citizens and the government office, includes both sides, the opening of information and public relations. The one is the side that the government office admits its duty to respond in such a case as citizens ask for the opening of information. The other is the side that government office positively provides information for citizens. To build a free and rich society, the opening of information will have to be developed into the following direction. Firstly, the law system of the opening of information has to be established. Secondly, administrative public relations must be performed in the stage of decision-making, not in the stage of policy implementation as a means of obtaining citizens cooperation. So to speak, for the realization of ideals of the true citizen participation, citizens right for opening of information must be guaranteed and a more positive information supply should also be ensured. Thirdly, the management of official documents and data should be improved to be proper to the goal of the opening of information. And finally, civil servants and citizens behavior on the opening of information must be led to become positive toward the opening of information through local administration and experience education in the real training field.

MTT법을 이용한 사람 골육종과 상피암 세포주들에 대한 항암제 감수성 검사

박승오,신효근,김오환,지은정 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1991 전북치대논문집 Vol.9 No.1

Three anticancer agents which are different in time or dosage dependence, as well as in phase specificity namely mitomycin and adriamycin from natural products and widely used synthetic drug 5 FU, were evaluated for their chemosensivitivy on the five different cancer cell lines ; Four epidermoid carcinomas originated from larynx, cervix, skin and gut were used together with one osteosarcoma as the target cells of single and combined administration of anticancer drugs. Semiautomated tetrazolium dye assay(MTT) appears to offer an attractive option for chemosensitivity of the head and neck cancers since it is a simple, valid and inexpensive method of assessing chemosensityvity for large sample in a short time. The results obtained from this study were as follows. l. Good correlations were obtained with the results of the MTT test and those of ^3H thymidine uptake assay. 2. LD_50 values of HIST and St.Ca, which showed relatively high doubling time on adriamycin were 30㎍/㎖ and 15 ㎍/㎖ while those of HeLa, HEp-2 and KHOS/NP were 2.1㎍/㎖, 4.8㎍/㎖, and 6.8㎍/㎖ respectively. 3. The LD_50 value of 5-FU five cancer cells on were very high ranging from 15㎍/㎖ to almost indefinite number, which means 5 FU is very resisitant to epidermotd carcinomas or osteosarcoma examined in this study. 4. Mitomycin was relatively effective showing 80% cancer cell killing effect on HeLa, 70% on St.Ca, and 50% on HEp-2 at the high concentrations used. 5. Adriamycin was the most effective showing 90% cancer cell killing effect on KHOS/NP, 98% on Hela, 80% on HEp-2, and St. Ca. The least susceptible cancer cells towa adriamycin was HIST having only 55% cell killing effect at the high concentration. 6. Combined therapy of adriamycin and 5-FU was more effective than single administration in all the cases, examined. Most effective synergism was observed on St. Ca. At the low concentration, showing 21 times higher than each single administration.

원자력행정에 있어서 재량의 절차적 통제

박효근 한국환경법학회 2003 環境法 硏究 Vol.25 No.2

As modem society becomes more diverse and complicated, the need of administrative law which is more professional and technical than the legislative law is required. The enlargement and technicalization of the administrative function has made not only that the legislative law cannot carry an effective deed but also that it is not appropriate to be dealt in the administrative work. In the case of the violation of restrictive discretion, than activity is illegal. But free discretion activity is not an object of judicial review. According to the deviation and abuse of the administrative powers, the legislative body looks for a principle of law relating to the same activity of administrative power and has to make extentions for individual understanding. And the limits of administrative discretion are not related to unification, so the administrative powers need to be restrained by procedural control and public good. For guaranting efficient administrative activity and security of the individual rights at the same time, administrative discretion will admit that proper discretion will be used in all matters no matter small or seemingly insignificant the scope may be. And within the limits of administrative discretion, pertinent administrative powers will be exercised and then the efficiency of administrative and democratization of administration will be established.

미세혈관 협심증 환자의 임상상 및 지표에 관한 연구

박상호,온영근,김현정,이태훈,길효욱,김현건,박수진,송해정,한대희,방덕원,신원용,이내희,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : Microvascular angina or syndrom X is heterogenous and encompasses different pathogenetic entities. Several studies suggest that microvascular angina have good prognosis and occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women. Lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and fibrinogen are the independent risk factor of acute coronary syndrome and are the chief underlying cause of atherosclerosis. We investigated clinical characteristics and markers in patients with microvascular angina. Methods : We studies 23 patients diagnosed with microvascular angina and 16 control group with negative treadmill exercise test and no significant coronary angiogram. We investigated clinical characteristics in patients group and evaluated symptom during a follow-up period of 4.2± 2.5 month. Exercise time in treadmill exercise test was compared between patients and control group. We assessed the level of markers, such as lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and ESR in two groups. Results : There is no difference in age between two groups. Patients group had a tendency to increase in female, hypertension, DM, and smoking history, but there was no statistical significance difference. Exercise duration time was significantly decreased in patients with microvascular angina (p<0,05). Serum lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, Triglyceride, ESR, Fibrinogen and Homocystein value were no significant difference between microvascular angina and control group. Only CRP was significantly high in patients with microvascular angina (p<0.05). Conclusion : There was no statistical significance difference in age, sex, hypertension, DM and smoking history between two groups but patients group had a tendency to increase the prevalence in hypertension, DM and smoking history, female. Also, Symptom improvement and disappearance in follow-up was presented in 11 patients of 19(57.9%). Exercise tolerance was worse in patients group than control group. CRP value was significantly higher in patients group than control group. There was no statistical significance difference in lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, ESR and Fibrinogen between two groups.

간세포암의 크기와 알파 피토프로틴의 연관성

임효순,정용연,김재규,윤웅,강형근,박진균 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.4

인공해수 중에서 0.17C-Ni-Cr-Mo 합금강의 피로수명

이성근,김효종,박철민 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1990 硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.1

Fatigue life of base and weld metal of 0.17C-Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel have been investigated in synthetic seawater under smooth and notched conditions at frequencies of 4Hz and 30Hz. Most data for the alloy steel agree with that for HY-100 steel. The form of a simple power relation can be suggested as a conservative design criteria for the fatigue life in aggresive environments.

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

Roxythromycin-tylosin-furaltadone 합제의 닭 유래 세균에 대한 시험관내 항균효과

김지영,채미경,윤효인,서상희,박배근,김현수,전무형 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2003 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.-

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of roxythromycin (Rx), tylosin (Tyl), erythromycin (EM) and furaltadone (Fur) was studied, either by the single type or the combinated type of Rx-Tyl-Fur (RTF) against E. co1i (30 strains), Staph. aureus (20 strains) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (5 strains) that are the major pathogens in poultry farm. The paper disk diffusion and MIC tests were applied. In screening test by paper disk diffusion method, the single types of antibiotics showed the sensitivity against 55 strains of bacteria in order of Fur, EM, Rx and Tyl. The combinated RTF showed the higher rate of sensitivity (80∼83.3% at 64㎍/disk, 60-75% at 32㎍/disk) and wider range of growth inhibiting zone (19.6±3.7-24.8±4.7mm) than those of the single drugs. In MIC test, the sensitivity against the 55 strains appeared in order of Fur. EM, Rx and Tyl as similar to those of paper disk diffusion method. The MIC ranges of RTF were 0.125∼16㎍/ml for E. coli, 0.25∼16㎍/ml for Staph. aureus and 1-8㎍/ml for Myco. gallisepticum, showing evidently lower than those of the single types. The MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of RTF were estimated l∼4㎍/ml and 8∼16㎍/ml, respectively, and remarkably lower than those of the single drugs.

담도에 국한되어 증상을 유발한 석회쓸개즙 2 예

윤성우,이지영,하경호,이수경,한나,배효근,박선자 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Limy bile is a rare condition characterized by excessive precipitation of calcium carbonate in the gallbladder or bile duct. Recently we experienced two cases with obstructive jaundice in which limy bile in the common bile duct but not in the gallbladder for one case, and in the common bile duct and intra hepatic duct but not in the gallbladder for another case. The patients were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Here, we report the cases and review the literature.

The Correlation of Chondrogenic Differentitation with Adipocyte from Porcine Skin-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Hyo-Kyung Bae,Hwa-Yeon Lee,Yeo-Reum Park,Choon-Keun Park,Boo-Keun Yang,Hee-Tae Cheong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2015 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10