인유에서 발견된 Ca²-ATPase의 효소학적 특성과 기능

조진국 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

인유지방구막(milk fat globule membrane)획분에서 검출되는Ca²+감수성 ATPase(Ca²+)를 부분정제하여 효소학적 특성과 기능을 관찰하였다. 본 효소는 인유로부터 추출한 조효소획분을 DEAE-Sepharose chromatography와 Con A-Sepharose chromatography로 분리하고, TSK-DEAE 5pw HPLC로 부분정제하였다. 정제한 Ca²+-ATPase의 비활성은 출발시료인 buttermilk에 비해 약 65배로 정제되었고, SDS-PAGE에서 나타난 주요 구성 peptides는 80kDa과 38kDa의 단백질이었다. 본Ca²+-ATPase의 최대활성에는 0.45mM Ca²+을 필요로 하였으며, 최적 pHsms 7.0이었다. Liposome에 재구성한 Ca²+-ATPase는 liposome안으로 Ca²+을 1mM ATPase의 존재 하에 시간의 경과에 따라 증가하여 20분에 최대치를 나타내었다. 그리고, 80kDa과 38kDa의 단백질은 Ca²+ 존재 하에 [γ-32P]ATP에 의해 인산화 되었고, EGTA와 Vanadate를 첨가하였을 때는 인산화 중간체를 형성하지 않았다. 또, 형성된 인산화 중간체는 hydroxylamine에 의하여 소실되지 않아 기존의 Ca²+ pumping ATPase와는 다른 ATPase인 것이 밝혀졌다. 이상의 결과로부터 인유의 Ca²+-ATPase는 기능발현에 Ca²+ ATP를 요구하는 P type의 ATPase로서 Ca²+수송하는 것으로 밝혀�병� 그러나, 이 효소의 분자량이나 Ca²+ 수송율과 인산화 반응의 특성은 기존에 알려진 적혈구나 근소포체에 존재하는 Ca²+-ATPase와 차이점이 있어 새로운 효소인 것이 시사되었다. Ca²+ stimulated ATPase(Ca²+-ATPase) found in human milk fat globule was partially purified, and its enzymatic properties and function were studied. The crude Ca²+-ATPase fraction was extracted from human milk by 1% Tween 20, and then further copurifed by DEAE chromatography, Con A-Sepharose chromatography and TSK-DEAE 5pw HPLC. Specific activity of the purified Ca²+-ATPase was higher by 65 fold than that f buttermilk. The major components of purified Ca²+-ATPase was estimated to be 80kDa and 38kDa peptides with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified Ca²+-ATPase required 0.45mM Ca²+ for its maximal activity, and showed optimal pH value at 7.0. Ca²+-ATPase reconstituted in liposome transported Ca²+ in to inside in the presence of 1mM ATP, and its maximum Ca²+ uptake was reached at 20 min. 80kDa and 38kDa peptides were phosphorylated with [γ-P] ATP in the presence of Ca²+, but both peptide were not phosphorylated when treated with 1mM EGTA or vanadate. The phosphorylated intermediates were not disappeared by hydroxylamine, it was distingushed from previous Ca²+pumping ATPases in erythrocyte or sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that Ca²+-ATPase in human milk requires Ca²+ and ATP for its functional role, and it is a new kind of P type ATPase which forms phosphorylated intermediate.

초등학교 교사들의 직무스트레스와 건강 수준

조현숙,이종태,손혜숙,박진국 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of job strain on stress and health status among elementary school teachers. Methods and Material : The subjects in this study were 300 teachers who were selected from among 588 teachers in 13 out of 42 elementary schools in the city of Gimhae. Through the questionnaire, demographic characteristics, Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) and the Psychosocial Well-being Index (PWI) to assess their occupational characteristics and psychosocial stress level were surveyed. Medical checkup results of them were adopted to measure their Health status. Results : 24.9 percent of the general teachers were low strain group, and 16.3 percent of them were high strain group. In the senior teachers, 19.7 percent belonged to a low strain group and 21.3 percent belonged to a high strain group. In regard to health status, more senior teachers than junior teachers suffered from obesity(24.6%) and diabetes(11.5%) (p<0.O5), and they also were higher in DBP(p<0.057), total cholesterol(p=0.039) and blood sugar level(p=0.000), the low strain group perceived more social support(p=0.000), and the high strain group felt bigger physical overload(p=0.000). Concerning psychosocial stress, the low strain group was more aware of teacher social role and put more confidence in themselves(p=0.004). The high strain group was more depressed(p=0.001), but no difference was detected in health status. The health status difference between the high strain and low strain groups was significant in depression of psychosocial stress(OR=3.823, 95%CI=1.584-9.224). Conclusion : The senior teachers group was more morbid to obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which implies that some measure should be studied to help senior teachers manage those diseases properly. The high strain group suffered more from physical overload and was high 'Social support'. Therefore it's required for high strain group to be given more support from colleagues and supervisors, and a stress management program should be implemented to reduce their psychosocial stress.

Carotenoids 식이와 알코올이 혈중 지질 성분에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,조성호,김진국 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.1

Increasingly, humans are subjected to exposure to various foreign chemicals including drugs, food additives, pollutants. Some of them may be harmful and especially give rise to free radicals during metabolism in the tissues. These radicals such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, induce oxidation of the macromolecules, resulting in a variety of damages in the body. However, humans have anti-oxidative mechanisms well developed against these damage. Anti-oxidants such as β-carotene and vitamin A, C, and E, are believed to play a major role in these mechanisms by acting as cofactors. On the basis that alcohol, among human's favorite foods, is one of the most common oxidative chemical, this study was carried out to elucidate biochemical changes in the lipid components of the blood after alcohol administration on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Also, we investigated the effects of carotenoid and β-carotene diets on the alcohol-injected rats. At first, the concentrations of serum lipids were highly increased at alcohol-injected rats for one week (AL-1W), but significantly decreased at those dieted with β-carotene for one week (BC-1W). Second, after 2 weeks, the concentrations of serum lipids were exclusive decreased at alcohol-administrated rats. Third, the lipid concentration was increasing in β-carotene-dieted rats throughout the experiments for 3 weeks. These results may suggest that alcohol can cause damages in the liver, resulting in inflammation and increase of the concentration of serum lipids. Also, β-carotene and carotenoid diets are believed to protect the liver against the oxidative damages by alcohol administration.

성인의 복잡성 복강내 감염증의 치료에서 Ertapenem 단독투여와 Ceftriaxone과 Metronidazole 병용투여의 안전성과 유효성 평가를 위한 다기관, 공개, 무작위, 비교 임상연구

조용균,이정남,서성옥,김선회,장진영,김상걸,윤영국,이우정,김민자 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

Background : Ertapenem, a novel β-lactam agent with a wide range of activity, has a pharmacokinetic profile and antimicrobial spectrum that support its potential use as a once-a-day agent for the treatment of common mixed aerobic and anaerobic pathogens encountered in intraabdominal infections. Materials and Methods : The prospective, randomized, controlled, open, and multicenter trial was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of ertapenem with ceftriaxone plus metronidazole as therapy before or following adequate surgical management of complicated intraabdominal infections. Results : One hundred sixty-three patients were included in the modified intent-to-treat population, of which 134 were clinically evaluable. Patients with a wide range of infections were enrolled; perforated appendicitis or periappendiceal abscess were most common. As for the modified intent- to-treat groups, 71 of 72 (98.6%) patients treated with ertapenem and 73 of 80 (91.3%) treated with ceftriaxone/metronidazole showed favorable clinical response. Conclusion : In this study, the efficacy of ertapenem was equivalent to ceftriaxone plus metronidazole in the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections. Ertapenem was generally well tolerated and had a similar safety and tolerability profile compared to ceftriaxone plus metronidazole. The results of this trial suggest that ertapenem could be considered as a useful option that could eliminate the need for combination and/or multi-dosed antibiotic regimens for the empiric treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections.

대전시 유통 과실류의 농약 잔류 실태 및 위해성 평가

한국탁,박혜진,이규승,김일중,김규섭,조성민 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.4

대전시 노은 도매 시장에 서 채취한 과실류와 6종의 농약잔류량을 조사한 후 이에 대한 위해성 평가를 실시하였다. 전체 120건 분석시료 중 70.8%가 농약 성분이 검출되었고 그중 1.67%가 잔류허용기준치을 초과하여 검출되었다. 검출 비율이 높은 시료는 사과, 복숭아, 포도 등이었다. 검출된 성분에서 살충제는 유기인계, 합성 pyrethroid계, 유기염소계가 비슷한 비율로 검출되었고, 살균제에서는 특히 procymidone(dicarboximide계)과 chlorothalonil(유기염소계)의 검출비율이 높았다. 검출빈도가 높은 성분은 chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, procymidone, deltamethrin, EPN의 순이었다. 위해성을 평가하기 위해서 각 농작물에 대한 농약의 추정섭취량과 ADI를 비교한 결과, 추정섭취량의 비율이 1.221%이하로 나타나 그 영향이 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 이것은 농약 잔류 허용기준치를 초과한 농작물인 복숭아에서 chlorothalonil, EPN에 대해서도 동일한 결과를 나타내었다. Pesticide residues in some fruits collected at Noeun wholesale market, Daejeon were surveyed and assessed its risk. In 120 samples, the detection rate of pesticide was 70.8% and the rate exceed MRL was 1.67%. Highly detection rate of commodities was apple, peach and grape. Organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticide were found with similar rate relatively, but most of fungicides were procymidone(dicarboximides) and chlorothalonil(organochlorine). The order of detected pesticide were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, procymidone, deltamethrin and EPN. In order to assess risk, estimated intake amount of each pesticide was compared to ADI. Although some peach were exceed MRL, the total amount and uptake pesticides was less than 1.22% comparing to ADI.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

전기분해에 의한 염색폐수의 탈색에 관한 연구

이진휘,이진희,연만형,조성국 서울産業大學校 1997 논문집 Vol.46 No.1

전기분해에 의한 염색폐수의 탈색효과를 규명하기 위하여 Fe, Al 및 Cu극판을 단일 또는 혼용하여 적색, 황색 및 청색산성염료 200ppm에 대하여 탈색실험을 수행한 결과 Fe(+)와 Al(-)전극을 혼용하고, 극간거리가 1.5㎝일 때 가장 제거율이 좋았다. 염색폐수의 농도 50∼250ppm에 대하여 전해질로써 NaCl을 0.1∼0.5% 사용하고 전류밀도 0.033∼0.166A/㎠로 실험한 결과 6분이상의 시간 경과후 95%이상 색도가 제거되었고, 전해질의 농도가 높을수록 소비전력은 높아지고 제거율은 향상되었으나 시간이 지남에 따라서 전력소비는 거의 일정하였다. This experiment is performed to investigate the decoloration of dye wastewater by using the same or different electrodes of Fe, Al and Cu. The waste solution consists of a single colored acidic dye of red, yellow or blue with a concentration of 200ppm. The results showed that the combination of Fe(+) and Al(-) electrodes and a distanced of 1.5㎝s between the electrodes was best for the decoloration process. It showed more than 95% decoloration occurred after 6 min. when we used NaCl solution of 0.1∼0.5% for electrolysis and current densities of 0.033∼0.166A/㎠ with solutions of 50∼250ppm. The higher the concentration of electrolyte, the higher the consumption of power becomes constant after a period of time.

패각류를 함유한 해사 사용 철근콘크리트의 강도특성 및 전단에 관한 실험적 연구

김정섭,조철희,최진석,김민국 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2002 建設技術硏究 Vol.22 No.1

This study makes experimental specimen to examine durability of concrete and structural characteristics of reinforced concrete beams such as shear behavior and destruction according to contents of shells in concrete using sea sand containing river sand and shells (8%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) and age. evaluates its load, deflection, crack and destruction from load increase and ductility capacity and aims a t supplying the data for applying it to actual structures. The results obtained through material test of concrete and static experiment of members using sea sand containing river sand and shells are as follows; 1. As a result of strength test by shell contents, it is found that compressive strength of specimen using sea sand containing 8% of shells is highest and the more shell contents are, its compressive strength is reduced. 2. The compressive-strength of the specimen used sea sand contained shell by 8% was decreased by 7.8% in the specimen of aged 28 days and 4% in one of aged 365 days compared with the river sand one. 3. In the destruction aspect of shear experiment, the early crack was load 4.94∼21.8lkgf/㎠, yield load 26.17∼37.95kgf/㎠, maximum load 37.95∼53.42 kgf/㎠. 4. In shear test of reinforced concrete beam, it is found that specimen using sea sand containing shells has lower ductility capacity than the specimen using river sand and the more shell contents are, crack is occurred in low load and velocity of deflection of members is faster.

중등도 심부전증 환자에서 Carvedilol의 치료 효과

차동훈,차영수,국진환,황경화,김형태,임상욱,김태용,조윤경,박필원 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.4

신도시 중산층 아파트 지역에서의 하수발생량 및 절수 홍보 효과

金應鎬,許順哲,趙珍奎,黃煥國 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Both pattern of water use and pollutant load were investigated in the apartment area for the middle class of a new town. Especially the analysis of the effect of saving water under public information of saving water was used to search possible quantities of saving water. The results of this survey showed that each household had 3.84 persons with water use rate of 262 L/capitaㆍd on an average. The average domestic loading for COD, BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were 107.5, 49.5, 50.1, 7.7 and 1.6 g/capitaㆍd, respectively. Water used by residential households consists of water for washing clothes, toilets, bath, showers, kitchen, washing up and sweeping. Among above sources toilet water (26%) occupied the largest component of residential water use. Also the reduction of total water use was 12.3% by public information of saving water.